|
Puntland–Somaliland Dispute
The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is an ongoing dispute and conflict over the Administrative divisions of Somalia, provinces of Sool, Somalia, Sool, Sanaag and Cayn of Togdheer regions between the List of states with limited recognition, self-declared Republic of Somaliland and the Puntland State (polity), state of Somalia. Background 1894 border The territory was historically part of British Somaliland, a British protectorate that was granted independence in 1960 and then formed a union with neighboring Italian colony Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic. When the Somaliland War of Independence was concluded and the Somali Civil War broke out, Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991 as a successor state to the British protectorate and declared independence from Somalia. The dispute started in 1998, when Puntland was formed as an autonomous state of Somalia and declared the region as part of its territory based on tribal affiliation of the lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali Civil War
The Somali Civil War (; ) is an List of ongoing armed conflicts, ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging in combat against various armed rebel groups,Ken Menkhaus,Local Security Systems in Somali East Africa' in Andersen/Moller/Stepputat (eds.), Fragile States and Insecure People,' Palgrave, 2007, 73. including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the Somaliland War of Independence in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups Somali Rebellion, overthrew the Somali Democratic Republic, Barre government in 1991. Various armed factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum and turmoil that followed, particularly in the south. In 1990–92, customary law temporarily collapsed, and factional fighting proli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jama Ali Jama
Jama Ali Jama (, ) is a Somali politician. He was the President of Puntland from November 14, 2001, to May 8, 2002. The period of his presidency was overshadowed by the Puntland Crisis (2001–2002), which began after former president Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed rejected Jama's election. In May 2002 he was forcible deposed by Ethiopian troops seeking to install his political rival president. Early life Jama is from the Osman Mahmoud sub-clan of the Majeerteen Darod. He was educated in Moscow and later joined the Somali National Army, rising to the rank of colonel. Career In the mid-1970s, the Soviet Union promoted Jama as the chief ideologue of socialism in the Horn of Africa. He was later imprisoned for 11 years by the regime of Mohamed Siad Barre after having been accused of participating in an abortive coup d'état. Jama was recognized by Amnesty International as a prisoner of conscience. In November 2001, Jama was elected as President of Puntland. However, the position was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cayn
Cayn or Ayn is an administrative region that Puntland unilaterally declared to be established in the 2000s. However, there is Somaliland between Cayn and Puntland, and they do not directly border each other. Somaliland has legally designated this area as its territory as Buhoodle District. SSC-Khatumo, which declared its secession from Somaliland in 2023, claims the territories of Sanaag, Sool, and Cayn, as its name implies, and effectively controls Buuhoodle. Cayn is derived from Aynaba (). Aynaba was inhabited by the Dhulbahante clan until the early 20th century, but the British government armed the Habr Je'lo clan and occupied during the Dervish movement. Since then, Aynaba has been the subject of conflict between Habr Je'lo and Dhulabahante. Overview Now, Buuhoodle It is the capital of Ayn region under the administration of Clan militia including being controlled by Somaliland in other parts. As with much of Somaliland, most local residents in the Cayn region are noma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sool, Somalia
Sool (, ) is a disputed administrative region (gobol). It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Nugal, Bari to the east. Its capital city is Las Anod. The region is disputed by the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and SSC-Khatumo. The region is partially controlled by both polities. History From 1944 to 1974, the Sool region was formerly Las Anod district. It was one of three districts under British protection. The other two districts were the Burao and hargeysa districts. In 1974 most Sool was part of the larger Nugaal region, with its capital at Garowe. It was established as a separate region in 1984 with its capital at Las Anod. Las Anod conflict Due to the prolonged conflict between Somaliland and Puntland, many Dhulbahante and Warsangeli living in the region did not recognize the Sool region and eastern Sanaag, as either Somaliland or Puntland. On 5 January 2023, Somaliland forces withdrew from Las Anod after mass ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Divisions Of Somalia
Somalia is officially divided into 18 administrative regions (''gobollo'', singular ''gobol''). These are in turn subdivided into seventy-two districts (plural ''degmooyin''; singular ''degmo''). On a ''de facto'' basis, northern Somalia is now divided up among the autonomous region of Puntland In central Somalia, Galmudug is another regional entity that emerged south of Puntland. Regions and districts Historical divisions Pre-independence In 1931, Italian Somaliland consisted of seven commissariats."Regions of Somalia" . ''Statoids''. Retrieved 20 February 2011. * Alto Giuba * Alto Uebi-Scebeli * Basso Giuba * Basso Uebi-Scebeli * Migiurtinia * Mogadiscio * Mudugh Following the 1935–36 Second Italo-Abyssinian War, Italian Somaliland became part of Italian East Africa with Ethiopian Empire, Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and Eritrea. Italian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Government Of Somalia
The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS; , DFS; ) is the internationally recognised government of Somalia, and the longest running attempt to create a central government in Somalia since the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic in 1991. It replaced the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia on 20 August 2012 with the adoption of the Constitution of Somalia. It officially comprises the executive branch of government, with the parliament serving as the legislative branch. It is headed by the President of Somalia, to whom the Council of Ministers reports through the Prime Minister. After the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic in 1991, there were no relations between the government of Somalia and the Somaliland government, which declared itself an independent country. Background In 1991, the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic amid the outbreak of the Somali Civil War left the country without a central government. Over the following decade, numerous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khatumo State
SSC-Khaatumo (), officially known as the SSC-Khaatumo State of Somalia (), is a federal member state in northern Somalia, with its capital in Las Anod. It includes parts of the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions (combined under the acronym "SSC") It is bordered by Puntland to the east, the Somali Region of Ethiopia to the south, Somaliland to the west and Erigavo District to the north. Several months into the Las Anod conflict that erupted in early 2023, SSC-Khatumo forces effectively took over those regions, securing most of their claimed area and establishing a new front line about 170km from Las Anod between the villages of Oog and Guumays in western Sool. SSC-Khaatumo was acknowledged as an interim administration by the Federal Government of Somalia on 19 October 2023, following its re-establishment on 6 February 2023, as SSC-Khaatumo after a period of mass civil unrest in Las Anod. History Split of Khaatumo and dissolution of Ali Khalif group Within a year of its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Las Anod Conflict (2023–present)
The Las Anod conflict () is an ongoing armed conflict between the Somaliland National Army and the Khatumo State, Khaatumo SSC (Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions) forces of the Dhulbahante clan around Las Anod, the capital of the Sool, Somalia, Sool region. Local tensions escalated in late 2022 following the assassination of civil leaders in Las Anod, culminating in fighting that erupted on 6 February 2023 after Somaliland security forces violently cracked down on civilian protests. Shortly after, the supreme Garad of the Dhulbahante clan, Garad Jama Garad Ali, Jama Garad Ali, announced the intent of the SSC-Khaatumo administration to reunify with the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). Las Anod fell into a state of siege, with heavy fighting between SSC and Somaliland forces. Under President Muse Bihi Abdi, Muse Bihi, the Somaliland Army initiated a prolonged military campaign, including six months of artillery bombardments aimed at subduing the city. Amnesty International report ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ongoing Armed Conflicts
The following is a list of ongoing armed conflicts that are taking place around the world. Criteria This list of ongoing armed conflicts identifies present-day conflicts and the death toll associated with each conflict. The criteria of inclusion are the following: * Armed conflicts consist in the use of armed force between two or more organized armed groups, governmental or non-governmental. Interstate, intrastate and non-state armed conflicts are listed. :* This is not a list of countries by intentional homicide rate, and criminal gang violence is generally not included unless there is also significant military or paramilitary involvement. * Fatality figures include battle-related deaths (military and civilian) as well as civilians ''intentionally targeted'' by the parties to an armed conflict. Only direct deaths resulting from violence are included for the current and previous year; excess deaths indirectly resulting from famine, disease, or disruption of services are includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamza Abdi Barre
Hamza Abdi Barre (, ; born 1972 or 1973) is a Somali politician who has served as the prime minister of Somalia since 2022. He was nominated on 15 June 2022, by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, and he was endorsed by parliament on 25 June 2022 (229 in favour, 7 opposed, 1 abstention). Hamza is also a parliamentarian elected to the House of the People of the Federal Parliament of Somalia on 28 December 2021, representing the Afmadow constituency of Middle Juba. Early life and education Hamza was born in Kismayo, Lower Juba, to the Ogaden branch of the Darod clan. Hamza completed his primary education in the country, and received his bachelor's degree from the University of Science and Technology in Yemen in 2001. From 2003 to 2004, Hamza was the Executive Director of the Formal Private Education Network in Somalia (FPENS), a school in Mogadishu. In August 2005, Hamza became a co-founder of Kismayo University. In 2009, Hamza received his Master's degree from the Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (Somali language, Somali: ''Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud''; ; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician serving as the president of Somalia since 15 May 2022. He previously held the office from 2012 to 2017. Hassan was previously a university professor and Dean (education), dean at SIMAD University, which he co-founded. During 2012 he was elected President of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Transitional Federal Government (TFG). ''Time (magazine), Time'' magazine placed him on an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013. During 2014 he controversially welcomed the entry of Ethiopian National Defense Force, Ethiopian troops into the African Union Mission to Somalia, African Union mission in the wake of the War in Somalia (2006–2009), 2006 invasion. His first administration faced serious criticism for rampant corruption, Censorship, media restrictions and abuse of power. After losing power in 2017, he became the found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdiweli Gaas
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali GaasBriefing to the Security Council - website of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) ( ; ; ), also more known as Abdiweli Gaas, is a economist and politician. He served as the of |
