|
Punctulariaceae
The Punctulariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family in its current sense is based on molecular research and contains just three genera of corticioid fungi. Taxonomy History The family was introduced by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1964 to accommodate ''Punctularia'', a genus of corticioid fungi whose species are distinguished by forming effused basidiocarps (fruit bodies) with the hymenium (spore-bearing surface) in patches, rather than evenly distributed over the surface. Donk placed the family within the Aphyllophorales. The family was not, however, widely adopted, most mycological texts preferring to place all corticioid fungi (including ''Punctularia'' species) in the Corticiaceae. Current status Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has resurrected and redefined the Punctulariaceae for a small clade of corticioid fungi distinct from the Corticiaceae and Vuilleminiaceae. At present, the family only contains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticiales
The Corticiales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order is composed of corticioid fungi. Species within the order are generally saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters, but several are parasitic on grasses or lichens. Plant pathogens of economic importance include ''Erythricium salmonicolor'', '' Laetisaria fuciformis'', '' Waitea circinata'', '' Waitea oryzae'', and '' Waitea zeae''. Taxonomy The order was established in 2007 by Swedish mycologist Karl-Henrik Larsson, based on molecular phylogenetic research. It includes the Corticiaceae (the type family) as well as the Dendrominiaceae, Punctulariaceae, and Vuilleminiaceae. Habitat and distribution The order is cosmopolitan and contains around 150 species of fungi worldwide. The majority of species in the Corticiales are saprotrophs, most of them wood-rotters, typically found on dead attached branches. Some species of '' Laetisaria'' are facultative or obligate parasites of grasses; some species o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendrocorticium
''Dendrocorticium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Punctulariaceae The Punctulariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family in its current sense is based on molecular research and contains just three genera of corticioid fungi. Taxonomy History The family was introduced by Dutch mycolog .... According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains seven species. Species , Index Fungorum accepts 10 species of ''Dendrocorticium'': *'' Dendrocorticium ancistrophylli'' Boidin & Gilles (1998) *'' Dendrocorticium crystalliferum'' Boidin & Gilles (1998) *'' Dendrocorticium ionides'' (Bres.) M.J.Larsen & Gilb. (1974) *'' Dendrocorticium nasti'' Boidin & Gilles (1998) *'' Dendrocorticium ovalisporum'' Boidin & Gilles (1998) *'' Dendrocorticium piceinum'' P.A.Lemke (1977) *'' Dendrocorticium pinsapineum'' (G.Moreno, Manjón & Hjortstam) Gorjón & Bernicchia (2010) *'' Dendrocorticium polygonioides'' (P.Karst.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punctularia Strigoso-zonata
''Punctularia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Punctulariaceae The Punctulariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family in its current sense is based on molecular research and contains just three genera of corticioid fungi. Taxonomy History The family was introduced by Dutch mycolog .... The genus contains two widely distributed species. References Corticiales Agaricomycetes genera Taxa named by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard Taxa described in 1895 {{Agaricomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saprotrophs
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (for example ''Mucor'') and soil bacteria. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi are sometimes called saprobes; saprotrophic plants or bacterial flora are called saprophytes ( sapro- 'rotten material' + -phyte 'plant'), although it is now believed that all plants previously thought to be saprotrophic are in fact parasites of microscopic fungi or other plants. The process is most often facilitated through the active transport of such materials through endocytosis within the internal mycelium and its constituent hyphae. states the purpose of saprotrophs and their internal nutrition, as well as the main two types of fungi that are most often referred to, as well as describes, visually, the process of saprotrophic nutrition through a diagram of hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vuilleminiaceae
The Vuilleminiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family in its current sense is based on molecular research and contains just three genera of temperate corticioid fungi. Taxonomy History The concept of the family was introduced by French mycologist René Maire in 1902, but the name "Vuilleminiacaeae" was not published till 1907 when Johannes Paulus Lotsy adopted Maire's concepts for his work on fungal systematics. As originally conceived, the family accommodated species within the corticioid fungi having "chiastic" basidia (basidia with nuclear spindles arranged transversely), thought to be a primitive character linking the Vuilleminiaceae with the Tulasnellaceae and the Tremellales. The family was not, however, widely adopted, most mycological texts preferring to place all corticioid fungi (including ''Vuilleminia'' species) in the Corticiaceae. The latter name was, however, not published till 1910, making the Vuilleminiaceae an earlier name for the grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA Sequences
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end to the 3' end. For DNA, the sense strand is used. Because nucleic acids are normally linear (unbranched) polymers, specifying the sequence is equivalent to defining the covalent structure of the entire molecule. For this reason, the nucleic acid sequence is also termed the primary structure. The sequence has capacity to represent information. Biological deoxyribonucleic acid represents the information which directs the functions of an organism. Nucleic acids also have a secondary structure and tertiary structure. Primary structure is sometimes mistakenly referred to as ''primary sequence''. Conversely, there is no parallel concept of secondary or tertiary sequence. Nucleotides Nucleic acids cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a ' grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticiaceae
The Corticiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family formerly included almost all the corticioid (patch- or crust-forming) fungi, whether they were related or not, and as such was highly artificial. In its current sense, however, the name Corticiaceae is restricted to a comparatively small group of corticioid genera within the Corticiales. Taxonomy History The German mycologist Wilhelm Gustav Franz Herter first published the Corticiaceae in 1910 to accommodate species of hymenomycetes that produced basidiocarps (fruit bodies) which were effused (spread out and patch-like) and had a more or less smooth hymenophore (spore-bearing surface). Since this definition was vague, superficial, and covered a large range of unrelated fungi, the Corticiaceae, though widely adopted, were also widely recognized as an unnatural grouping. Indeed, in a 1964 survey of families, Donk considered the Corticiaceae to be "a nice example of how extremely artificial taxa can be". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
