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Pumpokol People
The Pumpokols ( Pumpokol: ) were a Yeniseian people, part of the people sometimes referred to as Ostyaks. By mixing and Russification Russification (), Russianisation or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians adopt Russian culture and Russian language either voluntarily or as a result of a deliberate state policy. Russification was at times ..., they were assimilated by the end of the 20th century. The Pumpokol ethnonym , related to Yugh , originally meant somerthing like 'mountainous area' or 'area with a steep riverbank', and as an ethnonym meant 'people of the mountain area'. See also * Kets * Yugs * Kotts * Assans References Bibliography * Edward J. Vajda, ''Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide'', Routledge, 2013, 391 p. Ethnic groups in Russia Ethnic groups in Siberia {{Ethnic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberia
Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states since the lengthy conquest of Siberia, which began with the fall of the Khanate of Sibir in 1582 and concluded with the annexation of Chukotka in 1778. Siberia is vast and sparsely populated, covering an area of over , but home to roughly a quarter of Russia's population. Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Omsk are the largest cities in the area. Because Siberia is a geographic and historic concept and not a political entity, there is no single precise definition of its territorial borders. Traditionally, Siberia spans the entire expanse of land from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, with the Ural River usually forming the southernmost portion of its western boundary, and includes most of the drainage basin of the Arctic Ocean. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pumpokol Language
Pumpokol (Pumpokol: ) is one of the Yeniseian languages, formerly spoken by the Pumpokol people (). It has been extinct since the 18th century. It shares many features with the ancient Xiongnu and Jie languages, and according to Alexander Vovin, Edward Vajda, and Étienne de la Vaissière, is closely related to them. It is poorly attested, the only available lexicon amounting to about 65 words, and some of them have been identified as being Yugh, not Pumpokol. Classification It has traditionally been viewed as being grouped with Arin in an Arin-Pumpokol subfamily of Southern Yeniseian, but Vajda 2024 challenges this, stating that "Arin, Pumpokol and Kott-Assan display no shared innovations to support them as an opposite "'Southern Yeniseian' branch" of Yeniseian, reflecting only their geographical position rather than a genealogical grouping. According to O. Tailleur, it should be considered a dialect of the Ket language, as most materials labeled 'Pumpokol' are in reality of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeniseian People
The Yeniseian people refers either to the modern or ancient Siberian populations speaking Yeniseian languages. Despite evidence pointing to the historical presence of Yeniseian populations throughout Central Siberia and Northern Mongolia, only the Ket and Yugh people survive today. The modern Yeniseians live along the eastern middle stretch of the Yenisei River in Northern Siberia. According to the 2021 census, there were 1,088 Kets and 7 Yugs in Russia. Based on hydronymic data, the Yeniseians originated from the area around the Sayan Mountains and the southern tip of Lake Baikal. The known historical distribution of the Yeniseians is likely to represent a northward migration, with the modern-day Kets representing the very northernmost expansion of the language family. This migration possibly occurred as a result of the fall of the Xiongnu confederation, which, according to Alexander Vovin, is likely to have had a Yeniseian-speaking component among its ruling elite. Beckwit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostyak
Ostyak () is a name formerly used to refer to several Indigenous peoples and languages in Siberia, Russia. Both the Khanty people and the Ket people were formerly called Ostyaks, whereas the Selkup people were referred to as Ostyak-Samoyed. Khanty The Khanty people, who also call themselves ''Khanti'', ''Khande'', or ''Kantek'' were known to the Russians as ''Yugra'' in the eleventh century, with the name ''Ostyak'' first appearing in the sixteenth century. The Soviet Union began using the endonym ''Khant'' or ''Khanty'' during the 1930s. some 28,000 people identify as Khanty, primarily in Tyumen Oblast, which includes the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The Khanty languages, also known as Hanty, Khant, Xanty, or Ostyak, are a Uralic language group with about 9,500 native speakers. Ket The Kets historically lived near the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Krai district of Russia. The Imperial Russians originally called them ''Ostyak'', and later ''Yenisei Ostyak''. Fewer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiracial People
The term multiracial people refers to people who are mixed with two or more races (human categorization), races and the term multi-ethnic people refers to people who are of more than one ethnicity, ethnicities. A variety of terms have been used both historically and presently for multiracial people in a variety of contexts, including ''multiethnic'', ''polyethnic'', occasionally ''bi-ethnic'', ''biracial'', ''mixed-race'', ''Métis'', ''Muladí, Muwallad'', ''Melezi'', ''Coloureds, Coloured'', ''Dougla people, Dougla'', ''half-caste'', ''Euronesian, ʻafakasi'', ''mulatto'', ''mestizo'', ''Wiktionary:mutt, mutt'', ''Melungeon'', ''quadroon'', ''Quadroon, octoroon'', ''Quadroon#Racial classifications, griffe'', ''sacatra'', ''zambo, sambo/zambo'', ''Indo people, Eurasian'', ''hapa'', ''hāfu'', ''Garifuna'', ''pardo'', and ''Gurans (Transbaikal people), Gurans''. A number of these once-acceptable terms are now considered Offensive language, offensive, in addition to those that were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russification
Russification (), Russianisation or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians adopt Russian culture and Russian language either voluntarily or as a result of a deliberate state policy. Russification was at times pursued by the governments of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, either as a goal in itself or as a consequence of policies aimed at centralisation and modernisation. The major areas of Russification are politics and culture. In politics, an element of Russification is assigning Russian nationals to lead administrative positions in national institutions. In culture, Russification primarily amounts to the hegemony of the Russian language in official business and the strong influence of the Russian language on national idioms. The shifts in demographics in favor of the ethnic Russian population are sometimes considered a form of Russification as well. Some researchers distinguish ''Russification'', as a process of changing one's ethn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ket People
Kets (; Ket: кето, кет, денг) are a Yeniseian-speaking people in Siberia. During the Russian Empire, they were known as Ostyaks, without differentiating them from several other Siberian people. Later, they became known as ''Yenisei Ostyaks'' because they lived in the middle and lower basin of the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Krai district of Russia. The modern Kets lived along the eastern middle stretch of the river before being assimilated politically into Russia between the 17th and 19th centuries. According to the 2010 census, there were 1,220 Kets in Russia. According to the 2021 census, this number had declined to 1,088. Origin The Ket people share their origin with other Yeniseian people and are closely related to other Indigenous people of Siberia and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly to Y-DNA haplogroup Q-M242. According to a 2016 study, the Ket and other Yeniseian people originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugh People
The Yugh people (pronounced ; often written Yug) are a critically endangered Yeniseian people, an indigenous group who originally lived throughout central Siberia. The Yugh people live along the Yenisei River from Yeniseisk to the mouth of the . The Yughs speak the Yugh language, which is believed to be extinct. Recent history Previously the Yughs were considered part of the northern group of Ket people, but in the 1960s the Yugh were distinguished from the Ket, having their own distinct, although related, Yugh language and customs. By the late 1980s the Yugh people, along with their language, had effectively disappeared as a separate ethnic group. By the early 1990s the Yugh language was considered extinct, as only two or three non-fluent Yugh language speakers remained. The Yugh people, along with their relatives the Ket and other extinct branches are referred to as ''Yeniseians'' by linguists and ethnographers. In 1991, the ethnic population consisted of 10 to 15 individuals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kott People
Kott or Kött is a surname of German, Polish, Czech, and also Yiddish Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with ... origins.https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=kott * Alexander Kott (born 1973), Russian director * Christoph Florentius Kött (1801–1873), German bishop * Gary Kott (born 1947), American television writer * Jan Kott (1914–2001), Polish writer * Micheal Kott (born 1961), American actor * Pete Kott (born 1949), American politician * Phillip Kott (born 1952), American statistician * Wilhelmina Kott (1880–1994), American supercentenarian See also * Kott language, an extinct language in Russia * Kot References {{Reflist German-language surnames Polish-language surnames Czech-language surnames Surnames of Jewish origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arin People
The Arins were a Yeniseian people, part of the peoples sometimes called Ostyaks. By mixing and Russification, they were assimilated by the 19th century. Today, they are a seok of the Khakas. Origins The Arins appear to have an ancient south Siberian origin, as evidenced by their development of blacksmithing, like other southern tribes of the Iron Age. According to Gerhard Friedrich Müller, the name 'Arin' originates from Turkic ' 'wasp'. In Khakas folklore, the Arins were strong and powerful, originating from (Yenisei Kyrgyz, ), today a part of Krasnoyarsk. They attacked and killed many people in the manner of a swarm of wasps, hence the name. A legend tells of their massacre of snakes near Mount Kum-Tigey, after which Chylan Khan (), the Snake King, nearly exterminated the Arins. A story telling the demise of the Scythians after a fight with snakes in the history of Herodotus bears similarities with the one about the Arins. History The Arins, along with the closely re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asan People
The Asan or Assan were a Yeniseian speaking, hunter-fisherer people in Siberia, distinct from the Kotts. In the 18th and 19th centuries they were assimilated by the Evenki and Russians. They spoke the Assan language, closely related to, and can be considered a dialect of, Kott. The Assans, after their migration down the Yenisei river, settled around the and Biryusa rivers. By the time of the publication of the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary'' (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian. It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps. It was published in the Russian Em ..., there were less than 100 scattered families left of them, and they had been Turkicized. The village , founded in 1897, bears their name. References Sources *Wixman, Ronald. ''The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook''. (Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc, 1984) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
