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Publius Horatius
In the ancient Roman legend of the regal period, the Horatii were three sibling warriors, sons of Publius Horatius, who lived during the reign of Tullus Hostilius. The accounts of their epic clash with the Curiatii appear in the writings of Livy.The names ''Horatii'' and ''Curiatii'' are derived from the plural of their surnames: "''Horatius'', and "''Curiatius''. The English equivalents could be "the Horatius Brothers" and "The Curiatius Brothers". The story includes Publius Horatius, the sole survivor of the battle, murdering his sister for mourning the death of a beloved Curiatius. War with Alba Longa Livy recounts this tale in the first book of his ''Ab urbe condita''. During the Roman king Tullus Hostilius' war with the neighboring city of Alba Longa, it was agreed that fighting a costly war between their armies would leave the door open for an Etruscan invasion. Sabine dictator Mettius Fufetius appealed to Tullus Hostilius that the conflict should be settled by a fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Assemblies Of The Roman Kingdom
The Roman assemblies were meetings of the Roman people duly convened by a magistrate. There were two general kinds of assemblies: a '' contio'' where a crowd was convened to hear speeches or statements from speakers without any further arrangements and a ''comitia'' where citizens were called and arranged into voting blocks. When called to enact legislation or make decisions, such as on guilt or war, citizens were in the historical period always divided into voting blocks. Citizens voted directly in these blocks, with a majority of the blocks determining the decision of the assembly; this system was directly democratic with no representatives. There were three kinds of voting blocks – ''curiae'', ''centuriae'', and '' tribus'' – giving rise, respectively, to the curiate, centuriate, and tribal assemblies. In the middle and late republics, only the centuriate and tribal assemblies were politically relevant. The assemblies elected all magistrates during the Roman Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Atilius Regulus
Marcus Atilius Regulus () was a Roman statesman and general who was a consul of the Roman Republic in 267 BC and 256 BC. Much of his career was spent fighting the Carthaginians during the first Punic War. In 256 BC, he and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus defeated the Carthaginians at the naval battle off Cape Ecnomus; afterwards he led the Roman expedition to Africa but was defeated at the Bagradas River in spring of 255 BC. He was captured and then probably died of natural causes, with the story of his death later being much embellished. Life Regulus was first consul in 267 BC. He campaigned with his co-consul ( Lucius Julius Libo) against the Sallentini, captured Brundisium, and thence celebrated a double triumph. During the First Punic War, he was elected suffect consul in 256 BC, in place of Quintus Caedicius, who had died in office. With his colleague, Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus, he fought and defeated a large Carthaginian fleet off the coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus () was a Ancient Rome, Roman patrician (ancient Rome), patrician, Roman Senate, statesman, and Roman army, military leader of the early Roman Republic who became a famous model of Virtus (virtue), Roman virtue—particularly civic virtue—by the time of the late Republic. Modern historians question some particulars of the story of Cincinnatus that was recounted in Livy'''s History of Rome (Livy), History of Rome'' and elsewhere, but it is usually accepted that Cincinnatus was a historical figure who served as suffect consul in 460BC and as Roman dictator, dictator in 458BC and (possibly) again in 439BC. The most famous story related to Cincinnatus occurs after his retirement from public service to a simple life of farming. As Roman forces struggled to defeat the Aequi, Cincinnatus was summoned from his plough to assume complete control over the state. After achieving a swift victory in sixteen days, Cincinnatus relinquished power and its privileges, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cato The Elder
Marcus Porcius Cato (, ; 234–149 BC), also known as Cato the Censor (), the Elder and the Wise, was a Roman soldier, Roman Senate, senator, and Roman historiography, historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to history of history#Roman world, write history in Latin with his ''Origines'', a now fragmentary work on the history of Rome. His work ''De agri cultura'', a treatise on agriculture, rituals, and recipes, is the oldest extant prose written in the Latin language. His epithet "Elder" distinguishes him from his great-grandson Senator Cato the Younger, who opposed Julius Caesar. He came from an ancient Plebs, plebeian family who were noted for their Roman army, military service. Like his forefathers, Cato was devoted to Roman agriculture, agriculture when not serving in the army. Having attracted the attention of Lucius Valerius Flaccus (consul 195 BC), Lucius Valerius Flaccus, he was brought to Rome. He was successively milita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Jolivet
André Jolivet (; 8 August 1905 – 20 December 1974) was a French composer. Known for his devotion to French culture and musical thought, Jolivet drew on his interest in acoustics and atonality, as well as both ancient and modern musical influences, particularly on instruments used in ancient times. He composed in a wide variety of forms for many different types of ensembles. Life André Jolivet was born on 8 August 1905, at rue Versigny in Montmartre, Paris, the son of Victor-Ernest Jolivet and Madeleine Perault; his father an artist, his mother a pianist. Jolivet developed an interest in the arts early in his life, taking up painting and cello lessons at the age of 14. However, he was encouraged by his parents to become a teacher, going to teachers' college and teaching primary school in Paris (taking three years in between to serve in the military). One of his own teachers, however, believed Jolivet had a future in music, strongly encouraged him to pursue composition, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camille Saint-Saëns
Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (, , 9October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic music, Romantic era. His best-known works include Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (1863), the Piano Concerto No. 2 (Saint-Saëns), Second Piano Concerto (1868), the Cello Concerto No. 1 (Saint-Saëns), First Cello Concerto (1872), ''Danse macabre (Saint-Saëns), Danse macabre'' (1874), the opera ''Samson and Delilah (opera), Samson and Delilah'' (1877), the Violin Concerto No. 3 (Saint-Saëns), Third Violin Concerto (1880), the Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns), Third ("Organ") Symphony (1886) and ''The Carnival of the Animals'' (1886). Saint-Saëns was a musical prodigy; he made his concert debut at the age of ten. After studying at the Paris Conservatoire he followed a conventional career as a church organist, first at Saint-Merri, Paris and, from 1858, La Madeleine, Paris, La Madeleine, the official church of the Second French Empire, Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domenico Cimarosa
Domenico Cimarosa (; 17 December 1749 – 11 January 1801) was an Music of Italy, Italian composer of the Neapolitan School and of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He wrote more than eighty operas, the best known of which is ''Il matrimonio segreto'' (1792); most of his operas are comedies. He also wrote instrumental works and church music. Cimarosa was principally based in Naples, but spent some of his career in various other parts of Italy, composing for the opera houses of Rome, Venice, Florence and elsewhere. He was engaged by Catherine the Great of Russia as her court composer and conductor between 1787 and 1791. In his later years, returning to Naples, he backed the losing side in the struggle to overthrow the monarchy there, and was imprisoned and then exiled. He died in Venice at the age of 51. Life and career Early years Cimarosa was born in Aversa, a town near Naples. His family name was Cimmarosa, which is how he is recorded on his baptismal record. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gli Orazi E I Curiazi
''Gli Orazi e i Curiazi'' (''The Horatii and the Curiatii'') is an opera in three acts ('' azione tragica'') composed by Domenico Cimarosa to a libretto by Antonio Simeone Sografi, based on Pierre Corneille's tragedy ''Horace''. History The opera was first staged on 26 December 1796 at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice. The première was so unsuccessful that Cimarosa, disappointed, decided to leave the town immediately. The run of the following performances, however, turned into a big success, as would happen twenty years later with Rossini’s ''The Barber of Seville''. At least 49 performances were held throughout the season and the opera was later staged in the major European theatres, including Teatro La Scala in Milan and Napoleon’s imperial court in Paris. In Europe during the 18th century Italian operas did not normally endure very long in theatres, hardly ever getting through one season. ''Gli Orazi e i Curiazi'', however, kept running for several decades, even after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Salieri
Antonio Salieri (18 August 17507 May 1825) was an Italian composer and teacher of the classical period (music), classical period. He was born in Legnago, south of Verona, in the Republic of Venice, and spent his adult life and career as a subject of the Habsburg monarchy. Salieri was a pivotal figure in the development of late 18th-century opera. As a student of Florian Leopold Gassmann, and a protégé of Christoph Willibald Gluck, Salieri was a cosmopolitan composer who wrote operas in three languages. Salieri helped to develop and shape many of the features of operatic compositional vocabulary, and his music was a powerful influence on contemporary composers. Appointed the director of the Italian opera by the Habsburg court, a post he held from 1774 until 1792, Salieri dominated Italian-language opera in Vienna. During his career, he also spent time writing works for opera houses in Paris, Rome, and Venice, and his dramatic works were widely performed throughout Europe durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Horaces
''Les Horaces'' (''The Horatii'') is an operatic tragédie lyrique by Antonio Salieri. The text was by Nicolas-François Guillard after Pierre Corneille's ''Horace''. The opera was commissioned by the Paris Opera after the success of Salieri's ''Les Danaïdes'' with the company. Performance history According to different sources, ''Les Horaces'' was first performed either at Fontainebleau on 2 November 1786, or at Versailles on 2 December 1786. According to Spire Pitou, however, both dates seem to be errors and "the correct date of the world première of Salieri's ''Les Horaces'' is 7 December 1786 at the Royal Academy of Music ...". Whatever the case, it was not well received. The failure of the opera to some extent has been blamed on the lackluster performances of the original performers. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horace (play)
''Horace'' is a play by the French dramatist Pierre Corneille, drawing on Livy's account of the battle between the Horatii and the Curiatii. Written in reply to critics of his '' Le Cid'', it was dedicated to cardinal Richelieu and proved the author's second major success on its premiere in March 1640. Its protagonist Horatius is more daring than Rodrigue in ''Le Cid'', in that he sacrifices his best friend and kills his sister Camilla. It was the basis for the libretti for the operas '' Les Horaces'' and '' Gli Orazi e i Curiazi''. It is considered one of Corneille's great tragedies. Plot summary The play, which begins in Rome, starts out in an atmosphere of peace and happiness. The Roman Horatii family is united to the Alban Curatii family. The young Horace is married to Sabine, a young Alban woman whose brother, Curiace, is engaged to Camille, the sister of Horace. But the fratricidal war which breaks out between the two cities destroys this harmony. To finish it, each city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
