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Public Health Act 1875
The Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, one of the Public Health Acts, and a significant step in the advancement of public health in England. Its purpose was to codify previous measures aimed at combating filthy urban living conditions, which caused various health threats, including the spread of many diseases such as cholera and typhus. Background Reformers had from the 1830s wanted to resolve sanitary problems in urban areas, because sewage was flowing down the street daily, including the presence of sewage in living quarters. In 1848 their efforts led to the establishment of a three-man Board of Health – if one with very limited powers. Many factors delayed effective implementation of reform, however, such as the fact that to perform a clean-up would cost money, and neither government, factory owners, or local authorities were keen to pay. Gradually, however, reformers helped to counteract the laissez-fai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
38 & 39 Vict
38 may refer to: *38 (number) *38 BC *AD 38 *1938 *2038 Science * Strontium, an alkaline earth metal in the periodic table * 38 Leda, an asteroid in the asteroid belt Other uses *.38, a caliber of firearms and cartridges **.38 Special, a revolver cartridge *''Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transformed New England'', a 2016 book by Stephen Long *"Thirty Eight", a song by Karma to Burn from the album ''Almost Heathen'', 2001 {{Numberdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Local Government Board
The Local Government Board (LGB) was a British Government supervisory body overseeing local administration in England and Wales from 1871 to 1919. The LGB was created by the Local Government Board Act 1871 ( 34 & 35 Vict. c. 70) and took over the public health and local government responsibilities of the Home Secretary and the Privy Council and all the functions of the Poor Law Board, which was abolished. In 1919 the LGB was converted into a new department called the Ministry of Health. Membership The board was headed by a president, appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the British monarch. The president was permitted to hold a seat and vote in the House of Commons, and the position was generally held by a cabinet minister. In addition the board had a number of ''ex officio'' members consisting of the Lord President of the Council, the Principal Secretaries of State, the Lord Privy Seal and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The ''ex officio'' members were not paid a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanitary District
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878. The districts were of two types, based on existing structures: *Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies *Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions. Each district was governed by a sanitary authority and was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing. In England and Wales, both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts. A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. England and Wales Sanitary districts were formed under the terms of the Public Health Act 1872 ( 35 & 36 Vict. c. 79). Instead of creating new bodies, existing authorities were given additional res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Municipal Socialism
Municipal socialism is a type of socialism that uses local government to further socialist aims. It is a form of municipalism in which its explicitly socialist aims are clearly stated. In some contexts the word "municipalism" was tainted with the concept of provincialism. However, when it was adopted by various socialist networks in the late nineteenth century, this approach to socialist transformation spread across Europe and North America. Following electoral success in a number of localities, by the early twentieth century discussion of municipal socialism took on a more practical character, as Edgard Milhaud, Professor of Political Economy at the University of Geneva. established ''Annales de la Régie Directe'', an academic journal which set out to scientifically examine the initial steps towards transforming areas previously dominated by private enterprise into new forms of public service. This journal contributed to a growing network of municipal socialists in Europe and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Of Towns Association
The Health of Towns Association was a key organisation in the development of public health in the United Kingdom and was formed at a meeting in Exeter Hall, London on 11 December 1844. Its formation followed the 1843 establishment of the Royal Commission into the Health of Towns chaired by Sir Edwin Chadwick, which produced a series of reports on poor and unsanitary conditions in British cities, quickly prompting the creation of Health of Towns Association branches in several major cities, including Edinburgh, Liverpool, and Manchester. These national and local movements led to the passing of the Public Health Act 1848 A local board of health (or simply a ''local board'') was a local authority in urban areas of England and Wales from 1848 to 1894. They were formed in response to cholera epidemics and were given powers to control sewers, clean the streets, regulat ... ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63). References Public health in the United Kingdom Public health organizations 1844 est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Public Health In The United Kingdom
The history of public health in the United Kingdom covers public health in the United Kingdom since about 1700. The history saw incremental progress against systemic inequities. Legislative milestones, scientific breakthroughs, and grassroots advocacy collectively transformed a landscape once dominated by disease and deprivation. Hospitals moved from the periphery to the center of public health services. Challenges like very bad urban sanitation, epidemics, tuberculosis, and infant mortality were largely resolved by the early 20th century. The foundations laid by 19th-century reformers enabled the creation of a comprehensive national health system, epitomized by the National Health Service in 1948. 18th century The 18th century in Great Britain was a transitional period in public health, with advances but also persistent problems due to urbanisation, limited medical knowledge, and fragmented governance. There were early attempts to address sanitation, disease control, and urba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
17 & 18 Geo
Seventeen or 17 may refer to: *17 (number) * One of the years 17 BC, AD 17, 1917, 2017, 2117 Science * Chlorine, a halogen in the periodic table * 17 Thetis, an asteroid in the asteroid belt Literature Magazines *Seventeen (American magazine), ''Seventeen'' (American magazine), an American magazine *Seventeen (Japanese magazine), ''Seventeen'' (Japanese magazine), a Japanese magazine Novels *Seventeen (Tarkington novel), ''Seventeen'' (Tarkington novel), a 1916 novel by Booth Tarkington *''Seventeen'' (''Sebuntiin''), a 1961 novel by Kenzaburō Ōe *''Seventeen (Yokoyama novel), Seventeen'' (''Kuraimāzu hai''), a 2003 novel by Hideo Yokoyama *Seventeen (Serafin novel), ''Seventeen'' (Serafin novel), a 2004 novel by Shan Serafin Stage and screen Film *Seventeen (1916 film), ''Seventeen'' (1916 film), an American silent comedy film *''Number Seventeen'', a 1932 film directed by Alfred Hitchcock *Seventeen (1940 film), ''Seventeen'' (1940 film), an American comedy film *''Stala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
35 & 36 Vict
35 or XXXV may refer to: * 35 (number) * 35 BC * AD 35 * 1935 * 2035 Science * Bromine, a halogen in the periodic table * 35 Leukothea, an asteroid in the asteroid belt Music * XXXV (album), ''XXXV'' (album), a 2002 album by Fairport Convention * ''35xxxv'', a 2015 album by One Ok Rock * 35 (song), "35" (song), a 2021 song by New Zealand youth choir Ka Hao * "Thirty Five", a song by Karma to Burn from the album ''Almost Heathen'', 2001 * III-V, a type of semiconductor material Other uses * 35 (film), ''35'' (film), an Indian Telugu language, Telugu-language drama film {{Numberdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Health Act 1872
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878. The districts were of two types, based on existing structures: *Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies *Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions. Each district was governed by a sanitary authority and was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing. In England and Wales, both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts. A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. England and Wales Sanitary districts were formed under the terms of the Public Health Act 1872 ( 35 & 36 Vict. c. 79). Instead of creating new bodies, existing authorities were given additional resp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Street Lighting
A street light, light pole, lamp pole, lamppost, streetlamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights may be found on a railway platform. When urban electric power distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban streets followed, or sometimes led. Many lamps have light-sensitive photocells that activate the lamp automatically when needed, at times when there is little-to-no ambient light, such as at dusk, dawn, or the onset of dark weather conditions. This function in older lighting systems could be performed with the aid of a solar dial. Many street light systems are being connected underground instead of wiring from one utility post to another. Street lights are an important source of public security lighting intended to reduce crime. History Preindustrial era Early lamps were used in the Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman civilizations, where light primarily ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byelaw Terraced House
A byelaw terraced house is a type of dwelling built to comply with the Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55). It is a type of British terraced house at the opposite end of the social scale from the aristocratic townhouse but a marked improvement on the pre-regulation house built as cheap accommodation for the urban poor of the Industrial Revolution. The term usually refers to houses built between 1875 and 1918. The 1875 act imposed a duty on local authorities to regulate housing by the use of byelaws, and subsequently all byelaw terraced housing was required to have its own toilet. At first a "privy" or outhouse was built in the yard behind the house, relying on a pail closet system, with access for the municipal collection of the night soil. As universal town sewerage advanced, flush toilets (water closets) were built but often still outside the house. The houses had to meet minimum standards of build quality, ventilation, sanitation and population density. Despit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-regulation Terraced Houses In The United Kingdom
A pre-regulation terraced house is a type of dwelling constructed before Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55). It is a type of British terraced house at the opposite end of the social scale from the aristocratic townhouse, built as cheap accommodation for the urban poor of the Industrial Revolution. The term usually refers to houses built in the century before the 1875 Act, which imposed a duty on local authorities to regulate housing by the use of byelaws. Subsequently, all byelaw terraced housing was required to meet minimum standards of build quality, ventilation, sanitation and population density. Almost all pre-regulation terraced housing has been demolished through successive waves of slum clearance. History Between 1801 and 1901 the population increased fourfold, and during this period there was a migration from the land into towns (urbanisation), as the nature of work changed with the Industrial Revolution. Urban population increased tenfold, and there was a ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
