|
Pteridineae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level. Description Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. Taxonomy Tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypodiales
The Order (biology), order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including Tropics, tropical, semitropical and Temperate climate, temperate areas. Description Polypodiales are unique in bearing sporangia with a vertical Annulus (botany), annulus interrupted by the stalk and stomium. These sporangial characters were used by Johann Jakob Bernhardi to define a group of ferns he called the "Cathetogyratae"; the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group has suggested reviving this name as the informal term cathetogyrates, to replace the ambiguously circumscribed term "polypods" when referring to the Polypodiales. The sporangia are born on stalks 1–3 cells thick and are often long-stalked. (In contrast, the Hymenophyllales have a stalk composed of four rows of cells.) The sporangia do not reach maturity simultaneously. Many groups in the order lack Sorus, indusia, but when presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pityrogramma Austroamericana
''Pityrogramma'', the silverback ferns, or goldback ferns, is a fern genus in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Species , ''Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...'' recognized the following species and hybrids: Other species: *'' P. aurantiaca'' (Hieron.) C.Chr. *'' P. chrysoconia'' Maxon ex Domin *'' P. chrysophylla'' Link (Island goldback fern) *'' P. dealbata'' (C.Presl) Domin *'' P. dukei'' Lellinger *'' P. eggersii'' Maxon *'' P. elongata'' (C.Chr.) Pic.Serm. *'' P. euchrysa'' (Ekman ex Christensen) Ekman ex Testo *'' P. ferruginea'' (Kunze) Maxon * ''P.'' ×''herzogii'' (Rosenst.) L.D.Gómez *'' P. hirsuta'' Testo *'' P. humbertii'' C.Chr. *'' P. jamesonii'' (Baker) Domin *'' P. lehmannii'' (Hieron.) R.M.Tryon * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epiphyte
An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phorophytes. Epiphytes take part in nutrient cycles and add to both the diversity and biomass of the ecosystem in which they occur, like any other organism. In some cases, a rainforest tree's epiphytes may total "several tonnes" (several long tons). They are an important source of food for many species. Typically, the older parts of a plant will have more epiphytes growing on them. Epiphytes differ from parasites in that they grow on other plants for physical support and do not necessarily affect the host negatively. An organism that grows on another organism that is not a plant may be called an epibiont. Epiphytes are usually found in the temperate zone (e.g., many mosses, liverworts, lichens, and algae) or in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onychium (plant)
''Onychium'' is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recogni .... Phylogeny , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species and hybrids: References Pteridaceae Fern genera {{Pteridaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteris
''Pteris'' (brake) is a genus of about 300 species of ferns in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, southward to New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, north to Japan and North America. 78 species (35 endemic) are found in China. Some species of ''Pteris'' have considerable economic and ecological value, such as ''Pteris multifida'', ''Pteris ensiformis'', ''Pteris vittata'' can be used for ornamental purposes; as a hyperaccumulator, ''Pteris multifida'' and ''Pteris vittata'' can be used to control soil pollution. Many of them have linear frond segments, and some have sub-palmate division. Like other members of the Pteridaceae, the frond margin is reflexed over the marginal sorus, sori. The outermost layer is the single layered epidermis without stomata. The cortex is differentiated into outer and inner cortical region. The vascular cylinder is an wikt:amphiphloic, amphiphloic siphonostele. The term "brak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinnate
Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, and in patterns of erosion or stream beds. The term derives from the Latin word ''pinna'' meaning "feather", "wing", or " fin". A similar concept is "pectination", which is a comb-like arrangement of parts (arising from one side of an axis only). Pinnation is commonly referred to in contrast to "palmation", in which the parts or structures radiate out from a common point. The terms "pinnation" and "pennation" are cognate, and although they are sometimes used distinctly, there is no consistent difference in the meaning or usage of the two words.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent''. Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928. Plants Botanically, pinnation is an arrangement of discrete ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pellaea (plant)
''Pellaea'' is a genus of ferns in the Cheilanthoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. The genus name is derived from the Greek word πελλος (''pellos''), meaning "dark," and refers to the brown stems. Many members of the genus are commonly known as cliffbrakes. They primarily grow in rocky habitats, including moist rocky canyons, slopes, and bluffs. Distribution Ferns in this genus are most abundant and diverse in the southwestern United States south into Andean South America, central and southern Africa, and eastern Australia to New Zealand. Description These ferns typically have creeping rhizomes and pinnately to bipinnately compound leaves lacking prominent scales or trichomes on the blades. Like most members of Pteridaceae, they have marginal sori protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed leaf margin. The distinction of ''Pellaea'' from the typically hairier or scalier ''Cheilanthes'' has proven difficult, with some members being of uncertain affinity, li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notholaena
''Notholaena'' is a genus of ferns known as cloak ferns in the family Pteridaceae. Species of this genus are mostly epipetric (growing on rock) or occurring in coarse, gravelly soils, and are most abundant and diverse in the mountain ranges of warm arid or semiarid regions. They typically have a creeping or erect rhizome and leaves that are pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid with marginal sori protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. Members of the genus ''Notholaena'' also has a coating of whitish or yellowish farina (a powdery secretion of lipophilic exudates), primarily on the abaxial {{Short pages monitor [Baidu] |
Myriopteris
''Myriopteris'', commonly known as the lip ferns, is a genus of cheilanthoid ferns. Like other cheilanthoids, they are ferns of dry habitats, reproducing both sexually and apogamously. Many species have leaves divided into a large number of small, bead-like segments, the probable inspiration for the generic name. Hairs and/or scales are often present on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, and their presence and appearance are useful in distinguishing between species. The genus is most diverse in Mexico, but species are found from southwestern Canada south to southern Chile, and one species is endemic to southern Africa. Description No single morphological character divides ''Myriopteris'', as presently circumscribed, from the other cheilanthoids. Convergent evolution in arid environments is thought to be responsible for widespread homoplasy in the morphological characters traditionally used to classify this group. While small, bead-like ultimate segments are associated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheilanthes
''Cheilanthes'', commonly known as lip ferns, is a genus of about 180 species of rock-dwelling ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution in warm, dry, rocky regions, often growing in small crevices high up on cliffs. Most are small, sturdy and evergreen. The leaves, often densely covered in trichomes, spring directly from the rootstocks. Many of them are desert ferns, curling up during dry times and reviving with the coming of moisture. At the ends of veins sporangia, or spore-bearing structures, are protected by leaf margins, which curl over them. Taxonomy The genus name is derived from the Greek words χεῖλος (''cheilos''), meaning "lip," and ἄνθος (''anthos''), meaning "flower." ''Cheilanthes'' as traditionally circumscribed is now known to be highly paraphyletic, comprising at least four generically separate groups. The type species, '' C. micropteris'', is most closely allied to the genera '' Aleuritopteris'' and '' Sinopteris'' (Schuettpelz ''et al.''). In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrolepis
''Astrolepis'' is a small genus of ferns in the family Pteridaceae. It was formed in 1992 from species previously placed in ''Cheilanthes'' and ''Notholaena''. The name is derived from the Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ... words ἄστρον (), meaning "star," and λεπίς (), meaning "scale," referring to the star-like scales on adaxial blade surfaces. Members of the genus are commonly known as star-scaled cloak ferns and are native to the Americas. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: *'' Astrolepis cochisensis'' (Goodd.) D.M.Benham & Windham – Cochise scaly cloakfern *'' Astrolepis crassifolia'' (Houlston & T.Moore) D.M.Benham & Windham *'' Astrolepis deltoidea'' (Baker) J.B.Beck & Windham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspidotis
''Aspidotis'' is a small genus of Leptosporangiate fern, leptosporangiate ferns known commonly as laceferns. Most species are native to slopes, ridges, and rocky outcroppings, primarily in California and Mexico, although one species included in the genus by some authorities is widely distributed in eastern Africa. Description Members of ''Aspidotis'' are small ferns, with shiny, tufted fronds generally less than 35 centimeters long (although ''A. schimperi'' may be larger). Fertile leaves have false indusium, indusia formed by the leaves' inrolled margins, which partially conceal the spore-bearing sorus, sori. Taxonomy The taxonomy of laceferns has been considerably refined since they were first described in the late 1800s. Species currently placed in ''Aspidotis'' were originally assigned to a section (botany), section of ''Hypolepis (plant), Hypolepis'', then to ''Cheilanthes''. David B. Lellinger, David Lellinger established ''Aspidotis'' as a distinct genus based on chara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
