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Ptahhotep
Ptahhotep ( "Peace of Ptah"; (), sometimes known as Ptahhotep I or Ptahhotpe, was an ancient Egyptian vizier during the late 25th century BC and early 24th century BC Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. He is credited with authoring ''The Maxims of Ptahhotep'', an early piece of Egyptian "wisdom literature" or philosophy meant to instruct young men in appropriate behavior. Life Ptahhotep was the city administrator and vizier (first minister) during the reign of King Djedkare Isesi in the Fifth Dynasty. He had a son named Akhethetep, who was also a vizier. He and his descendants were buried at Saqqara. Ptahhotep's tomb is located in a mastaba in North Saqqara (Mastaba D62). His grandson Ptahhotep Tjefi, who lived during the reign of Unas, was buried in the mastaba of his father (Mastaba 64). Their tomb is famous for its outstanding depictions. Next to the vizier's titles he held many other important positions, such as ''overseer of the treasury'', ''overseer of scribes of the king's do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptahhotep And Akhethetep Mastaba Tombs
Ptahhotep ( "Peace of Ptah"; (), sometimes known as Ptahhotep I or Ptahhotpe, was an ancient Egyptian vizier (Ancient Egypt), vizier during the late 25th century BC and early 24th century BC Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. He is credited with authoring ''The Maxims of Ptahhotep'', an early piece of Egyptian "wisdom literature" or philosophy meant to instruct young men in appropriate behavior. Life Ptahhotep was the city administrator and vizier (first minister) during the reign of King Djedkare Isesi in the Fifth Dynasty. He had a son named Akhethetep (father of Ptahhotep), Akhethetep, who was also a vizier. He and his descendants were buried at Saqqara. Ptahhotep's tomb is located in a mastaba in North Saqqara (Mastaba D62). His grandson Ptahhotep Tjefi, who lived during the reign of Unas, was buried in the mastaba of his father (Mastaba 64). Their tomb is famous for its outstanding depictions. Next to the vizier's titles he held many other important positions, such as ''overseer of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Maxims Of Ptahhotep
''The Maxims of Ptahhotep'' or ''Instruction of Ptahhotep'' is an ancient Egyptian literary composition by the Vizier Ptahhotep around 2375–2350 BC, during the rule of King Djedkare Isesi of the Fifth Dynasty. The text was discovered in Thebes in 1847 by Egyptologist M. Prisse d'Avennes.Simpson, W. K., ed. The Maxims of Ptahhotep. Las Vegas, Nevada: Evan Blythin, 1986. The Instructions of Ptahhotep are considered didactic wisdom literature belonging to the genre of ''sebayt''. There are four copies of the Instructions, and the only complete version, Papyrus Prisse, is located in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.Simpson, William Kelly. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry. New Haven, US: Yale University Press, 2003. Accessed January 28, 2017. ProQuest ebrary. According to William Kelly Simpson, scholars tend to believe that the ''Instructions of Ptahhotep'' were originally composed during the Mid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptahhotep Tjefi
Ptahhotep Tjefi, also called Ptahhotep II () was an ancient Egyptian official who lived at the end of the Fifth Dynasty, most likely under king Djedkare Isesi and under king Unas. His main function at the royal court was that of the vizier, making him to the most important man at the court, only second to the king. Ptahhotep, whose second name was Tjefi, came from an influential family. His father was the vizier Akhethetep. His grandfather was the vizier Ptahhotep (I). Ptahhotep is mainly known from his mastaba at Saqqara Saqqara ( : saqqāra ), also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English , is an Egyptian village in the markaz (county) of Badrashin in the Giza Governorate, that contains ancient burial grounds of Egyptian royalty, serving as the necropolis for .... The burial complex was built for him and his father Akhethetep. References Literature * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Ptahhotep Tjefi Viziers of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt 3rd-millennium BC births 24th-century BC deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian , etc., among Egyptologists. The ''Instruction of Rekhmire'' ('' Installation of the Vizier''), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the , and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers. Responsibilities The viziers were appointed by the pharaohs. The vizier's paramount duty was to supervise the running of the country, much like a prime minister. At times this included small details such as sampling the city's water supply. All other lesser supervisors and officials, such as tax collectors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djedkare Isesi
Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres; died 2375 BC) was a king, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom. Djedkare succeeded Menkauhor Kaiu and was in turn succeeded by Unas. His relationship to both of these kings remain uncertain, although it is often conjectured that Unas was Djedkare's son, owing to the smooth transition between the two. Djedkare likely enjoyed a reign of more than 40 years, which heralded a new period in the history of the Old Kingdom. Breaking with a tradition followed by his predecessors since the time of Userkaf, Djedkare did not build a temple to the sun god Ra, possibly reflecting the rise of Osiris in the Egyptian pantheon. More significantly, Djedkare effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian state administration, the first undertaken since the inception of the system of ranking titles. He also reorganised the funerary cults of his forebear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian , etc., among Egyptologists. The ''Instruction of Rekhmire'' ('' Installation of the Vizier''), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the , and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers. Responsibilities The viziers were appointed by the pharaohs. The vizier's paramount duty was to supervise the running of the country, much like a prime minister. At times this included small details such as sampling the city's water supply. All other lesser supervisors and officials, such as tax collectors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhethetep (father Of Ptahhotep)
Akhethetep (also Akhethotep or Akhty-hotep; ) was a high dignitary of ancient Egypt who lived during the Fifth Dynasty. Akhethotep and his son Ptahhotep Tjefi were senior court officials during the rule of Djedkare (2414–2375 BC) and of Unas (Wenis), towards the end of the 5th Dynasty (2494–2345 BC). Akhethetep's titles included that of a vizier, making him to the highest official at the royal court, only second to the king. He was also ''overseer of the treasuries'', ''overseer of the scribes of the king's documents'' and ''overseer of the granaries''. Akhethetep was the son of Ptahhotep. His father was vizier too. He is famous for his tomb, discovered in Saqqara. The plan was recorded by Mariette and it was published by Norman Davies. It is a joined mastaba belonging to Ptahhotep Tjefi and Akhethetep. References Literature * * *{{cite book, last=Strudwick, first=Nigel, editor-last=Davies, editor-first=N V, title=The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhethetep (son Of Ptahhotep)
Akhethetep (also Akhethotep or Akhty-hotep; ) was a high dignitary of ancient Egypt who lived during the Fifth Dynasty. Akhethotep and his son Ptahhotep Tjefi were senior court officials during the rule of Djedkare (2414–2375 BC) and of Unas (Wenis), towards the end of the 5th Dynasty (2494–2345 BC). Akhethetep's titles included that of a vizier, making him to the highest official at the royal court, only second to the king. He was also ''overseer of the treasuries'', ''overseer of the scribes of the king's documents'' and ''overseer of the granaries''. Akhethetep was the son of Ptahhotep. His father was vizier too. He is famous for his tomb, discovered in Saqqara. The plan was recorded by Mariette and it was published by Norman Davies. It is a joined mastaba belonging to Ptahhotep Tjefi and Akhethetep. References Literature * * *{{cite book, last=Strudwick, first=Nigel, editor-last=Davies, editor-first=N V, title=The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maat
Maat or Maʽat ( Egyptian: ''mꜣꜥt'' /ˈmuʀʕat/, Coptic: ⲙⲉⲓ) comprised the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Maat was also the goddess who personified these concepts, and regulated the stars, seasons, and the actions of mortals and the deities who had brought order from chaos at the moment of creation. Her ideological opposite was Isfet (Egyptian '' jzft''), meaning injustice, chaos, violence or to do evil. Pronunciation Cuneiform texts indicate that the word ''m3ˤt'' was pronounced /múʔʕa/ during the New Kingdom of Egypt, having lost the feminine ending ''t''. Vowel assimilation of ''u'' to ''e'' later produced the Coptic word "truth, justice". History The earliest surviving records indicating that Maat is the norm for nature and society, in this world and the next, were recorded during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, the earliest substantial surviving examples being found in the Pyramid Texts of Unas ( and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battiscombe Gunn
Battiscombe George "Jack" Gunn (30 June 1883 – 27 February 1950) was an English Egyptologist and philologist. He published his first translation from Egyptian in 1906. He translated inscriptions for many important excavations and sites, including Fayum, Saqqara, Amarna, Giza and Luxor (including Tutankhamun). He was curator at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and at the University Museum at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. In 1934 he was appointed Professor of Egyptology at the University of Oxford, a chair he held until his death in 1950. Early life and background Gunn was born in London, the son of George Gunn, a member of the London Stock Exchange, and Julia Alice Philp. His paternal grandparents were Theophilus Miller Gunn FRCS, a prominent London surgeon originally from Chard, and Mary Dally Battiscombe, from Bridport. Theophilus's father was John Gunn, a non-conformist preacher, brother of Daniel Gunn, originally from Wick in Scotland, but who spent m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saqqara
Saqqara ( : saqqāra[t], ), also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English , is an Egyptian village in the markaz (county) of Badrashin in the Giza Governorate, that contains ancient burial grounds of Egyptian royalty, serving as the necropolis for the ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis, Egypt, Memphis. Saqqara contains numerous pyramids, including the Pyramid of Djoser, sometimes referred to as the Step Pyramid, and a number of mastaba tombs. Located some south of modern-day Cairo, Saqqara covers an area of around . Saqqara contains the oldest complete stone building complex known in history, the Pyramid of Djoser, built during the Third Dynasty of Egypt, Third Dynasty. Another sixteen Egyptian kings built pyramids at Saqqara, which are now in various states of preservation. High officials added private funeral monuments to this necropolis during the entire History of ancient Egypt, Pharaonic period. It remained an important complex for non-royal burials and cult ceremonies for more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ḥtp
Hotep (; also rendered ''hetep'') is an Egyptian word that roughly translates as "to be satisfied, at peace". The word also refers to an "offering" ritually presented to a deity or a dead person, hence "be pleased, be gracious, be at peace". It is rendered in Egyptian hieroglyphs as an altar (Gardiner sign R4). The noun ''ḥtp.w'' means "peace, contentment". Davies (2018) interprets the concept of as "the result of action in accord with ''maat'' he proper order of the universe. The so-called offering formula begins with "an offering given by the king".Gardiner, Alan. (1957). ''Egyptian Grammar, Third Edition,'' p. 170. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. . Egyptian became Coptic "be content" and ''hōtp'' "be reconciled". Hotep as part of ancient Egyptian names, such as Hotepsekhemwy ( "the two powers are at peace"), the first ruler of the Second Dynasty of Egypt. In personal names ;Pharaohs *Hotepsekhemwy (2nd dynasty) *Mentuhotep I, Mentuhotep II, Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
