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Psophodidae
Psophodidae is a family of passerine birds native to Australia and nearby areas. It has a complicated taxonomic history and different authors vary in which birds they include in the family. In the strictest sense, it includes only the five or six species of whipbirds and wedgebills ('' Psophodes'' and '' Androphobus''), but some authors also include the quail-thrushes (''Cinclosoma''), eight species of ground-dwelling birds found in Australia and New Guinea, and the jewel-babblers (''Ptilorrhoa''), three or four species found in rainforest in New Guinea. Others place them in their own family, the Cinclosomatidae. The Malaysian rail-babbler (''Eupetes macrocerus'') was formerly sometimes placed in this family, which would then be called Eupetidae. Taxonomy The quail-thrushes, jewel-babblers, whipbirds and wedgebills were traditionally included with the logrunners (''Orthonyx'') in the family Orthonychidae.Roberson, Don (2004Quail-thrushes Cinclosomatidae Bird Families of the W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psophodes
Barrett, R., (2013). Ecological importance of sedges: A survey of the Australasian Cyperaceae genus ''Lepidosperma''. ''Annals of Botany''. Vol. 111, pp. 499-529. Whipbirds and wedgebills are collectively recognised in the genus ''Psophodes''.Toon, A., Joseph, L., & Burbidge, A., (2013). Genetic analysis of the Australian whipbirds and wedgebills illuminates the evolution of their plumage and vocal diversity. ''Emu''. Vol. 113, pp. 359-366. Wedgebills are divided into the chirruping wedgebill (''Psophodes cristatus'') and the chiming wedgebill (''Psophodes occidentalis''). Whipbirds are divided into the eastern whipbird (''Psophodes olivaceus'') and the western whipbird (''Psophodes nigrogularis''). Subspecies of the western whipbird residing in Western Australia are known to be endangered. ''Psophodes'' is a genus of four species of songbirds endemism, endemic to Australia, known as whipbirds and wedgebills. Description ''Psophodes'' are shy, medium-sized, insectivorous birds t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinclosomatidae
Cinclosomatidae is a family (biology), family of passerine birds native to Australia and New Guinea. It has a complicated taxonomic history and different authors vary in which birds they include in the family. It includes the quail-thrushes and jewel-babblers. Taxonomy The quail-thrushes, jewel-babblers, whipbirds and wedgebills were traditionally included with the logrunners (''Orthonyx'') in the family Orthonychidae.Roberson, Don (2004Quail-thrushes Cinclosomatidae Bird Families of the World. Accessed 4 January 2010. Sometimes the Malaysian rail-babbler and blue-capped ifrit (''Ifrita kowaldi'') were also included in the family. In 1985, Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds, Sibley and Ahlquist found that the logrunners were not related to the others and included only the logrunners in the Orthonychidae.Christidis, Les & Walter Boles (2008) ''Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds'', CSIRO Publishing. They treated the others as the subfamily Cinclosomatinae within their exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papuan Whipbird
The Papuan whipbird (''Androphobus viridis'') is a little-known and unobtrusive species of bird in the family Psophodidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Androphobus''. It is found in Western New Guinea. It is currently classified as Least concern. This is probably due to the fact that it is very secretive, and, despite not being too restricted, thinly spread throughout its range; it is likely to be overlooked unless singing. It is apparently insectivorous. Description This species is 16–17 cm (6.3–6.7 in), making it significantly smaller than Australian whipbirds. Males have a moustachial white stripe and black throat while females are all moss green. Juveniles are darker green with blackish faces and underparts. Habitat It lives in montane forest, from 1,400 to 2,700 meters, where it inhabits the thick understory. It appears unlikely to be affected by habitat destruction, as steep slopes and inaccessible terrain make the area a difficult target for logging activity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiming Wedgebill
The chiming wedgebill (''Psophodes occidentalis''), sometimes referred to as chiming whipbird, is a species of bird in the family Psophodidae. It is endemic to Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl .... The chiming wedgebill and chirruping wedgebill (''Psophodes occidentalis'') used to be considered one species until as late as 1973, when they were separated due to marked differences in their calls. Its sound consists of 4-6 descending notes sounding like loud chimes, and the final note is underlined and interpreted as "did-you-get-drunk" or "sweet-kitty-Lintorf". There is nothing documented about the female and male producing the same sound. Subspecies The chiming wedgebill is a monotypic species. Description The male chiming wedgebill weighs 38-45 grams a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Whipbird
The eastern whipbird (''Psophodes olivaceus'') is an insectivore, insectivorous passerine bird native to the east coast of Australia. Its whip-crack song is a familiar sound in forests of eastern Australia. Two subspecies are recognised. Heard much more often than seen, it is dark olive-green and black in colour with a distinctive white cheek patch and a crest. The male and female are similar in plumage. Taxonomy The eastern whipbird was mistakenly described by John Latham (ornithologist), John Latham as two separate species in 1801 from early colonial illustrations, first as the white-cheeked crow (''Corvus olivaceus'') and as the coachwhip flycatcher (''Muscicapa crepitans''). The bird became commonly known as coachwhip bird or stockwhip bird. John Gould recorded the aboriginal term ''Djou'' from the Hunter Region of New South Wales. Its specific name is derived from its olive colouration, though it was soon placed in the new genus ''Psophodes'' by Nicholas Aylward Vigors and T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passerine
A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped') which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines generally have an anisodactyl arrangement of their toes (three pointing forward and one back), which facilitates perching. With more than 140 families and some 6,500 identified species, Passeriformes is the largest order of birds and one of the most diverse clades of terrestrial vertebrates, representing 60% of birds.Ericson, P.G.P. et al. (2003Evolution, biogeography, and patterns of diversification in passerine birds ''J. Avian Biol'', 34:3–15.Selvatti, A.P. et al. (2015"A Paleogene origin for crown passerines and the diversification of the Oscines in the New World" ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', 88:1–15. Passerines are divided into three suborders: New Zealand wrens; Suboscines, primarily found in North and South America; and songbirds. Passerines originated in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near-threatened
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status. The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals. The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species. IUCN Categories and Criteria version 2.3 Before 2001, the IUCN used the version 2.3 Categories and Criteria to assign conservation status, which included a separate category for conservation-dependent species ("Conservation Dependent", LR/cd). With this category system, Near Threatened and Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirruping Wedgebill
The chirruping wedgebill (''Psophodes cristatus'') is a medium-sized member of the genus ''Psophodes'', which consists or four to five songbirds endemic to Australia. Commonly found in low shrublands in south-eastern inland Australia, the species is distinguished by its distinctive, chirruping call. The chirruping wedgebill and chiming wedgebill (''Psophodes occidentalis'') were considered to be a single species until as late as 1973, when they were separated due to marked differences in their calls. Taxonomy John Gould originally described ''P. cristatus'' and ''P. occidentalis'' as one species (''Sphenostoma cristatum''), and this remained common practice until c. 1973. The separation of the species at that date was based mainly on differences in song and range. Description The chirruping wedgebill is a medium-sized bird, measuring approximately 18–21 cm and weighing 31-64 g. Its bill is dark and wedge-shaped when mature, and horn-coloured when immature. It possesse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-bellied Whipbird
The western whipbird (''Psophodes nigrogularis'') is a passerine bird found in several scattered populations in Southwest Australia. It is predominantly olive green in colour. The western whipbird has sometimes been split into two species: the black-throated whipbird and the white-bellied whipbird. Taxonomy The western whipbird was formally described in 1844 by the English ornithologist John Gould based on a specimen collected by John Gilbert in the Wongan Hills of Western Australia. Gould coined the current binomial name ''Psophodes nigrogularis''. The specific epithet combines the Latin ''niger'' meaning "black" with Modern Latin ''gularis'' meaning "throated". Four subspecies are recognised: * ''P. n. nigrogularis'' Gould, 1844 – Two Peoples Bay, far southwest South Australia: (Endangered) The western heath subspecies is now restricted to a small patch east of Albany, having disappeared from large parts of its range due to land clearance.Garnett. p158 * ''P. n. oberon' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
