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Psilocybe Weraroa
''Psilocybe weraroa'', formerly ''Weraroa novae-zelandiae'', is a secotioid fungus in the family ''Hymenogastraceae''. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it grows in native forests from rotting wood and woody debris. Despite its pouch-like form this species is closely related to ''Psilocybe cyanescens'' and '' Psilocybe subaeruginosa''. As a bluing member of the genus ''Psilocybe'' it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin. It has been cultivated commercially by Rua Bioscience with a view to researching potential medical applications, bringing together its traditional uses in Rongoā Māori with the recent interest in Western medicine into the medical applications of psilocin and psilocybin. Taxonomy and naming The species was first described in the literature in 1924 by the New Zealand-based mycologist Gordon Heriot Cunningham, under the name ''Secotium novae-zelandiae''. Rolf Singer transferred it to the genus ''Weraroa'' in 1958. Phylogenetic analysis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Cubensis
''Psilocybe cubensis'', commonly known as the magic mushroom, shroom, golden halo, golden teacher, cube, or gold cap, is a species of psilocybin mushroom of moderate potency whose principal Psychoactive compound, active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. It belongs to the fungus family Hymenogastraceae and was previously known as ''Stropharia cubensis''. It is the best-known psilocybin mushroom due to its wide distribution and ease of cultivation. Taxonomy The species was species description, first described in 1906 as ''Stropharia cubensis'' by American mycologist Franklin Sumner Earle in Cuba. In 1907, it was identified as ''Naematoloma caerulescens'' in Tonkin (French protectorate), Tonkin (now Vietnam) by French pharmacist and mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard, while in 1941, it was called ''Stropharia cyanescens'' by William Alphonso Murrill near Gainesville, Florida, Gainesville in Florida. German-born mycologist Rolf Singer moved the species into the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Locality (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular wikt:en:specimen, specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set (mathematics), set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN), the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specific Name (botany)
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or Group epithets must conform to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants'' (ICNCP). The code of nomenclature covers "all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), chytrids, oomycetes, slime moulds and photosynthetic protists with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups (but excluding Microsporidia)." The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name ''Bellis perennis'' denotes a plant species which is native to most of the countries of Europe and the Middle East, where it has accumulated various names in many languages. Later, the plant was introd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogeny
A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or Taxon, taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In other words, it is a branching diagram or a tree (graph theory), tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. In evolutionary biology, all life on Earth is theoretically part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. Phylogenetics is the study of phylogenetic trees. The main challenge is to find a phylogenetic tree representing optimal evolutionary ancestry between a set of species or taxa. computational phylogenetics, Computational phylogenetics (also phylogeny inference) focuses on the algorithms involved in finding optimal phylogenetic tree in the phylogenetic landscape. Phylogene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Fuscofulva
''Psilocybe fuscofulva'' is a species of mushroom in that grows on ''Sphagnum'' moss and rarely decaying wood in peat bogs in North America and Europe. It, alongside ''Psilocybe fimetaria'', are the only species of ''Psilocybe'' that have been found with no psilocybin or psilocin content. The phylogenetic placement indicates its close relationship to '' Psilocybe silvatica'' and ''Psilocybe semilanceata''. It was previously most commonly known as ''Psilocybe atrobrunnea'' but the holotype does not exist and the neotype of this species was lost, so ''Psilocybe fuscofulva'', which was previously regarded as a synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ... but has a holotype, was resurrected to replace it. It is considered inedible. See also * List of ''Psilocybe'' specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Semilanceata
''Psilocybe semilanceata'', commonly known as the liberty cap, is a species of fungus which produces the psychoactive compounds psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin. It is both one of the most widely distributed psilocybin mushrooms in nature, and one of the most potent. The mushrooms have a distinctive conical to bell-shaped cap, up to in diameter, with a small nipple-like protrusion on the top. They are yellow to brown, covered with radial grooves when moist, and fade to a lighter color as they mature. Their stipes tend to be slender and long, and the same color or slightly lighter than the cap. The gill attachment to the stipe is adnexed (narrowly attached), and they are initially cream-colored before tinting purple to black as the spores mature. The spores are dark purplish-brown en masse, ellipsoid in shape, and measure 10.5–15 by 6.5–8.5 μm. The mushroom grows in grassland habitats, especially wetter areas. Unlike '' P. cubensis'', the fungus doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Angulospora
''Psilocybe angulospora'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The species was described from Taiwan in 2015 and is also present in New Zealand, where it is considered introduced. As a blueing member of the genus ''Psilocybe'' it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin. The fruitbodies have a small, extremely hygrophanous pale gold conical to bell-shaped cap, often with a prominent pointed central papilla, a slender whitish stipe, and fine narrowly spaced gills. In Taiwan, the mushrooms grow wild amongst grasses on heavily manured soil and on cow dung. In New Zealand they are most frequently found in the potting mix of nursery plants, in potted plants in garden centres, and outdoors in gardens and council landscaping where those plants have been planted. Taxonomy and naming ''Psilocybe angulospora'' was described from Taiwan in 2015 by Yen-Wen Wang and Shean-Shong Tzean, after reports of hallucinogenic mushroom poisonings in Taipei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Alutacea
''Psilocybe alutacea'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was described in 2006 and is known from Australia and New Zealand. It is coprophilous, growing on animal dung. The fruitbodies have a small conical or convex cap, subdistant gills with an adnate attachment, a slender brown stipe and a faint blueing reaction to damage. As a blueing member of the genus ''Psilocybe'' it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin. Taxonomy and naming ''Psilocybe alutacea'' was described by Y.S. Chang and A.K. Mills in 2006. The holotype was collected by Chang in 1990 in Tasmania and deposited at the herbarium in Hobart, with the accession number HO132672. The species was placed in the ''Psilocybe'' section Semilanceatae according to Gúzman due to macroscopic and microscopic similarities with ''Psilocybe semilanceata''; notably a faint blueing reaction to damage, conical cap shape, adnate gill attachment and elipsoid-oval spores. Etymolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Pelliculosa
''Psilocybe pelliculosa'' is a species of fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The fruit bodies, or mushrooms, have a conical brownish cap up to in diameter atop a slender stem up to long. It has a white partial veil that does not leave a ring on the stem. American mycologist Alexander H. Smith first described the species in 1937 as a member of the genus known today as ''Psathyrella''; it was transferred to ''Psilocybe'' by Rolf Singer in 1958. ''Psilocybe pelliculosa'' is found in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada, where it grows on the ground in groups or clusters along trails or forest roads in coniferous woods. A single collection has also been reported from Finland, and also in Norway. The mushrooms contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and baeocystin, although at relatively low concentrations. Several mushroom species that are similar in appearance to ''P. pelliculosa'' can be distinguished by subtle differences in the form o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilocybe Aucklandiae
''Psilocybe aucklandiae'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. The species is known from the Auckland Region of New Zealand, where it grows from clay soils in exotic pine plantations and native forests.Johnston P, Buchanan PK. The genus Psilocybe (Agaricales) in New Zealand. ''New Zealand Journal of Botany'' 1995;33(3):379-388. It is phylogenetically similar to or almost the same as '' Psilocybe zapotecorum'' from Mexico and South America. As a blueing member of the genus ''Psilocybe'' it contains the psychoactive compounds psilocin and psilocybin. Taxonomy ''Psilocybe aucklandiae'' was officially described in 1991 by Gastón Guzmán, Chris King and Victor Bandala in 'A new species of ''Psilocybe'' of section ''Zapotecorum'' from New Zealand.' The name is feminine; the original orthography is ''aucklandii'' which has a masculine suffix. The holotype is in New Zealand with accessioPDD 57236and was collected in the Waitakere Ranges while the isotype is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
