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Pseudo-opinion
The Metallic Metals Act was a fictional piece of legislation included in a 1947 American opinion survey conducted by Sam Gill and published in the March 14, 1947, issue of ''Tide'' magazine. When given four possible replies, 70% of respondents claimed to have an opinion on the act. It has become a classic example of the risks of meaningless responses to closed-ended questions and prompted the study of the pseudo-opinion phenomenon. The question Respondents were asked this question and were given four possible answers: "Which of the following statements most closely coincides with your opinion of the Metallic Metals Act?" * It would be a good move on the part of the US * It would be a good thing, but should be left to the individual states * It's alright for foreign countries, but should not be required here * It is of no value at all Initial publication and reaction Sam Gill was a Marketing Research Director for Sherman & Marquette, Inc when he included a question about the fic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-sampling Error
In statistics, non-sampling error is a catch-all term for the deviations of estimates from their true values that are not a function of the sample chosen, including various systematic error Observational error (or measurement error) is the difference between a measurement, measured value of a physical quantity, quantity and its unknown true value.Dodge, Y. (2003) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms'', OUP. Such errors are ...s and random errors that are not due to sampling.Dodge, Y. (2003) ''The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms'', OUP. Non-sampling errors are much harder to quantify than sampling errors.Fritz Scheuren (2005). "What is a Margin of Error?", Chapter 10, inWhat is a Survey?", American Statistical Association, Washington, D.C. Accessed 2008-01-08. Non-sampling errors in survey estimates can arise from: * Coverage errors, such as failure to accurately represent all population units in the sample, or the inability to obtain information about all sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Closed-ended Question
A closed-ended question is any question for which a researcher provides research participants with options from which to choose a response. Closed-ended questions are sometimes phrased as a Declarative sentence, statement that requires a response. A closed-ended question contrasts with an open-ended question, which cannot easily be answered with specific information. Examples Examples of closed-ended questions that may elicit a Yes–no question, "yes" or "no" response include: *Were you born in 2010? *Is Lyon the capital of France? *Did you steal the money? Similarly, variants of the above closed-ended questions that possess specific responses are: *On what day were you born? ("Saturday.") *What is the capital of France? ("Paris.") *Where did you steal the money? ("From the bank.") At the same time, there are closed-ended questions that are sometimes impossible to answer correctly with a yes or no without confusion, for example: "Have you stopped taking heroin?" (if you neve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington metropolitan area and has a national audience. As of 2023, the ''Post'' had 130,000 print subscribers and 2.5 million digital subscribers, both of which were the List of newspapers in the United States, third-largest among U.S. newspapers after ''The New York Times'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. In 1933, financier Eugene Meyer (financier), Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy and revived its health and reputation; this work was continued by his successors Katharine Graham, Katharine and Phil Graham, Meyer's daughter and son-in-law, respectively, who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoaxes In The United States
A hoax (plural: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible. Some hoaxers intend to eventually unmask their representations as having been a hoax so as to expose their victims as fools; seeking some form of profit, other hoaxers hope to maintain the hoax indefinitely, so that it is only when skeptical people willing to investigate their claims publish their findings, that the hoaxers are finally revealed as such. History Zhang Yingyu's ''The Book of Swindles'' ( 1617), published during the late Ming dynasty, is said to be China's first collection of stories about fraud, swindles, hoaxes, and other forms of deception. Although practical jokes have likely existed for thousands of years, one of the earliest recorded hoaxes in Western history was the drummer of Tedworth in 1661. The communication of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychology Experiments
Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these. History Early experimental psychology Wilhelm Wundt Experimental psychology emerged as a modern academic discipline in the 19th century when Wilhelm Wundt introduced a mathematical and experimental approach to the field. Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. Other experimental psychologists, including Hermann Ebbinghaus and Edward Titchener, included introspection in their experimental methods. Charles Bell Charles Bell was a British physiologist whose main contribution to the medical and scientific community was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Seymour (21st-century Writer)
Richard Seymour (born 1977) is a Northern Irish author, commentator and owner of the blog ''Lenin's Tomb''. His books included ''The Meaning of David Cameron'' (2010), ''Unhitched'' (2013), ''Against Austerity'' (2014) and '' Corbyn: The Strange Rebirth of Radical Politics'' (2016). Seymour was born in Ballymena, Northern Ireland to a Protestant family, and currently lives in London. A former member of the Socialist Workers Party, he left the organisation in March 2013. He completed his PhD in sociology at the London School of Economics under the supervision of Paul Gilroy. His thesis, dated 2016, was titled ''Cold War anticommunism and the defence of white supremacy in the southern United States''. In the past he has written for publications such as ''The Guardian'' and ''Jacobin''. Commentator ''Lenin's Tomb'' blog and other outlets The blog ''Lenin's Tomb'' began in June 2003 and was listed in 2005 as the 21st-most-popular blog in the United Kingdom. Although run by Seym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KIVI-TV
KIVI-TV (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Nampa, Idaho, United States, serving the Boise area as an affiliate of ABC. Owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, the station maintains studios on East Chisholm Drive in Nampa (along I-84/US 30/ SH-55), while its transmitter is located at the Bogus Basin ski area summit in unincorporated Boise County. KIVI-TV operates KSAW-LD in Twin Falls, a semi-satellite of KIVI for the Magic Valley. It airs KIVI's ABC programs and some of its newscasts, alongside local commercials, separate evening newscasts produced from Nampa covering the Twin Falls area, and separate syndicated programming. KSAW-LD also maintains a small advertising sales office in the Blue Lakes Office Park on Falls Avenue in Twin Falls. History Prior use of channel 6 What is now KIVI-TV is actually the third attempt to launch a television station on channel 6 in Nampa, but the first to be successful. The first of these earned the distinction of being Ida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anecdote
An anecdote is "a story with a point", such as to communicate an abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the concrete details of a short narrative or to characterize by delineating a specific quirk or trait. Anecdotes may be real or fictional; the anecdotal digression is a common feature of literary works and even oral anecdotes typically involve subtle exaggeration and dramatic shape designed to entertain the listener. An anecdote is always presented as the recounting of a real incident involving actual people and usually in an identifiable place. In the words of Jürgen Hein, they exhibit "a special realism" and "a claimed historical dimension". Etymology and usage The word ''anecdote'' (in Greek: ἀνέκδοτον "unpublished", literally "not given out") comes from Procopius of Caesarea, the biographer of Emperor Justinian I (). Procopius produced a work entitled (''Anekdota'', variously translated as ''Unpublished Memoirs'' or as ''Secret History'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Public Opinion Quarterly
''Public Opinion Quarterly'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press for the American Association for Public Opinion Research, covering communication studies, political science, current public opinion, and survey research and methodology. It was established in 1937 and according to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.4. The journal was originally sponsored by Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. Its first editor-in-chief was former diplomat DeWitt Clinton Poole and past editors included Howard Schuman, Stanley Presser, Eleanor Singer, and James Druckman. See also *List of political science journals *''Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology'' *''International Journal of Public Opinion Research The ''International Journal of Public Opinion Research'' (''IJPOR'') is a quarterly social science journal sponsored by the World Association for Public Opinion Resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
