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Protosuchia
Protosuchia is a group of extinct Mesozoic crocodyliforms. They were small in size (~1 meter in length) and terrestrial. In phylogenetic terms, Protosuchia is considered an informal group because it is a grade of basal crocodyliforms, not a true clade. Classification Recent phylogenetic analyses have not supported Protosuchia as a natural group. However, two studies found a clade of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic animals:Pol D, Ji S-a, Clark JM, Chiappe LM. 2004. Basal crocodyliforms from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group (Xinjiang, China), and the phylogenetic position of ''Edentosuchus''. ''Cretaceous Research'' 25: 603-622.Fiorelli LE, Calvo JO. 2007. The first "protosuchian" (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from the Cretaceous (Santonian) of Gondwana. ''Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro'' 65 (4): 417-459. *''Edentosuchus'' *''Hemiprotosuchus'' *''Orthosuchus'' *''Protosuchus'' Both of these studies also found a clade more closely related to ''Hsisosuchus'' and Mesoeu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyasuchus
''Kyasuchus'' is an extinct genus of shartegosuchid crocodylomorph. Fossils have been found from the Ilek Formation outcropping in the Kemerovo Oblast of Russia, deposited during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The localities from which specimens of this genus have been found have also yielded many other vertebrate remains such as those of palaeonisciform fishes, turtles, various lizards, troodontids, triconodonts, the ceratopsian ''Psittacosaurus'', and the protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph '' Tagarosuchus''.Averianov, A. O., Voronkevich, A. V., Maschenko, E. N., Leshchinskiy, S. V. and Fayngertz, A. V. (2002). A sauropod foot from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia, Russia. ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 47(1):117–124. References External linksKyasuchusin the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shartegosuchidae
Shartegosuchidae is an extinct family of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs. The family is named after the Late Jurassic Shar Teeg Beds in southwestern Mongolia, from which most shartegosuchid remains have been found. Five genera are currently assigned to Shartegosuchidae: '' Shartegosuchus'', ''Nominosuchus'', '' Kyasuchus'', '' Adzhosuchus'', and ''Fruitachampsa''. ''Shartegosuchus'', ''Nominosuchus'', and ''Adzhosuchus'' all come from Shar Teeg, while ''Kyasuchus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous of Russia. ''Fruitachampsa'' is known from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western United States. Description Shartegosuchids are known only from cranial material, or parts of the skull and some partial skeletons. Shartegosuchids share several distinct characteristics in the skull. On the palate, the choanae (holes where the nasal cavity opens into the mouth) is placed within a deep depression of its midline. The palatal bones, located behind the choa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nominosuchus
''Nominosuchus'' is a genus of protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph. It is known from several specimens discovered in ancient lake deposits of the Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Tsagaantsav Formation, southwestern Mongolia. The type specimen is PIN 4174/4, a partial skull. ''Nominosuchus'' was not large; its skull length is estimated at . It was similar to '' Shartegosuchus'', and is assigned to the same family ( Shartegosuchidae). ''Nominosuchus'' was described in 1996 by Mikhail Efimov, and the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ... is ''N. matutinus''. References Late Jurassic reptiles of Asia Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{paleo-archosaur-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesoeucrocodylia
Mesoeucrocodylia is the clade that includes Eusuchia and crocodyliforms formerly placed in the paraphyletic group Mesosuchia. The group appeared during the Early Jurassic, and continues to the present day. Diagnosis It was long known that Mesosuchia was an evolutionary grade, a hypothesis confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis of Benton and Clark (1988) which demonstrated that Eusuchia (which includes all living crocodylian species) was nested within Mesosuchia. Due to the paraphyly of Mesosuchia, Mesoeucrocodylia was erected to replace Mesosuchia. Several anatomical characteristics differentiate Mesoeucrocodylia from the other crocodylomorph clades. The frontal bones of the skull are fused together into a single compound element, for example. Mesoeucrocodylians possess something of a secondary palate, formed by the posterior extension of sutured palatine bones. The otic aperture Otic means pertaining to the ear. It can refer to: * Otic ganglion, nerve cells in ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthosuchus
''Orthosuchus'' (meaning "straight crocodile") is an extinct genus of protosuchian crocodyliform that lived during the Early Jurassic, about 196 million years ago. It was first discovered in 1963 in the Red Beds Formation in the Qacha's Nek Province of Lesotho, southern Africa. The characteristics showed on its postcranial skeleton and the skull indicated that it is a Crocodyliform.Nash, Diane. "A Crocodile from the Upper Triassic of Lesotho." ''Journal of Zoology''. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 20 Aug. 2009. Web. 05 Mar. 2017. The finding is significant since some of the characteristics found on this specimen were believed to be absent until Jurassic. Description ''Orthosuchus'' has a body proportion similar to lizards, with a body length about 0.6 meters, and a flattened skull, a typical skull of crocodilian.Diane, Nash S. "The Morphology and Relationships of a Crocodilian, Orthosuchus Stormbergi, from the Upper Triassic of Lesotho." ''Annals of the South African Museum' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edentosuchus
''Edentosuchus'' is a genus of protosuchian crocodylomorph. It is known from fossils found in rocks of the Early Cretaceous-age Tugulu Group from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. Two partial skulls and several neck vertebrae are known to date. An articulated partial postcranial skeleton may also belong to this genus, but there is no overlapping material between it and known ''Edentosuchus'' specimens. History ''Edentosuchus'' was described in 1973 by Yang Zhongjian (C. C. Young), and is based on IVPP V 3236, a partial skull and associated neck vertebrae. The type species is ''E. tienshanensis''. A joint Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County- National Geological Museum of China expedition recovered another partial skull in 2000. Yang originally assigned it to its own family (Edentosuchidae) within Protosuchia, but later research by Diego Pol and colleagues using the new material found it to be a protosuchid. Description ''Edentosuchus'' had markedly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuquensuchus
''Neuquensuchus'' (meaning "Neuquén crocodile", referring to the city) is an extinct genus of crocodyliform from the Santonian-age Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Neuquén Province, Argentina. The known remains were discovered on the campus of Universidad Nacional del Comahue in the city of Neuquén. ''Neuquensuchus'' was named by Lucas E. Fiorelli and Jorge O. Calvo in a publication dated to 2007, but which became available in 2008. The type species is ''N. universitas'', in recognition of its discovery locality. Unlike the great majority of crocodyliforms, its shin was longer than its thigh, suggesting it had some running ability. Description ''Neuquensuchus'' is based on MUCPv-47, a partially articulated partial postcranial skeleton composed of six neck, four back, two hip, and five tail vertebrae; ribs; partial right shoulder blade and arm; left shoulder blade and upper arm; a partial pelvis; and most of the right leg above the foot. Another specimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodyliform
Crocodyliformes is a clade of crurotarsan archosaurs, the group often traditionally referred to as "crocodilians". They are the first members of Crocodylomorpha to possess many of the features that define later relatives. They are the only pseudosuchians to survive the K-Pg extinction event. In 1988, Michael J. Benton and James M. Clark argued that all traditional names for well-known groups of animals should be restricted to their crown clades, that is, used only for natural groups comprising all living members of any given lineage. This posed a problem for the crocodilians, because the name Crocodylia, while used in various ways by various scientists, had always included not only living crocodilians but many of their extinct ancestors known only from the fossil record.Benton, M.J. and Clark, J.M. (1988). "Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia." Pp. 295–338 in Benton, M.J. (ed.), ''The phylogeny and classification of the Tetrapods, volume 1''. Oxfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shartegosuchus
''Shartegosuchus'' is a genus of protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph. It is known primarily from PIN 4174/2, the partial deformed skull and jaws of a juvenile. This specimen was discovered in ancient lake deposits of the Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Tsagaantsav Formation, southwestern Mongolia. The estimated length of the holotype skull is . This genus was similar to ''Nominosuchus'', and both are assigned to the same family (Shartegosuchidae). ''Shartegosuchus'' was described in 1988 by Mikhail Efimov, and the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ... is ''S. asperopalatum''. References Late Jurassic reptiles of Asia Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{paleo-archosaur-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobiosuchus
''Gobiosuchus'' ("Gobi esertcrocodile") was a gobiosuchid crocodyliform described in 1972 by Polish palaeontologist Halszka Osmólska. It hails from the Late Cretaceous (Early Campanian) of Bayn Dzak (Djadokhta Formation), in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. The type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ... is ''Gobiosuchus kielanae''. ''Gobiosuchus kielanae'', along with '' Zaraasuchus shepardi'', belongs to the family Gobiosuchidae. References * Pol, D. & Norell, M. A., (2004). "A new gobiosuchid crocodyliform taxon from the Cretaceous of Mongolia". ''American Museum Novitates'' 3458: 1-31. Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Asia Terrestrial crocodylomorphs Djadochta fauna Fossils of Mongolia Gobi Desert Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaraasuchus
''Zaraasuchus'' ("hedgehog crocodile") was a gobiosuchid crocodyliform described in 2004 by Diego Pol and Mark Norell. It was found in the Red Beds of Zos Canyon, in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, thus making it Late Cretaceous in age. The type species is ''Z. shepardi'', honouring Dr. Richard Shepard. Material The holotype of ''Z. shepardi'' is IGM 100/1321, consisting of the posterior region of the skull and lower jaws with articulation with cervical vertebrae, forelimb elements and osteoderms. Systematics Pol and Norell (2004) found ''Zaraasuchus shepardi'' to be the sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ... of '' Gobiosuchus kielanae'', united by 14 synapomorphies, primarily from the skull, forming the family Gobiosuchidae. Sources * Pol, D. & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population. The territory of modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history. His grandson Kublai Khan conquered China proper and established the Yuan dynasty. After the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
