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Proportional Representation League
The Proportional Representation League was an organization founded in 1893 in the campaign for the adoption of the Proportional representation system of voting at the city, state and federal level in the U.S. and Canada. (There was a separate Proportional Representation Society in the United Kingdom as well.) Many Canadians as well as Americans were active in the League. The League merged with the National Municipal League in 1932, and its newsletter, The Proportional Representation Review, apparently ceased publication.The NML published the National Municipal Review, which publicized proportional representation. The Proportional Representation League was founded at the Memorial Art Institute of Chicago at the World's Columbian Exposition on August 10–12, 1893, to promote the cause of proportional representation within the United States. Prominent members included League Secretary Stoughton Cooley, Rhode Island Governor Lucius F. C. Garvin, federal judge Albert Branson Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Reform Society
The Electoral Reform Society (ERS) is an Advocacy group, independent advocacy organisation in the United Kingdom which promotes electoral reform. It seeks to replace first-past-the-post voting with proportional representation, advocating the single transferable vote, and Reform of the House of Lords, an elected upper house of Parliament. It is the world's oldest still-extant electoral reform campaign. Overview The Electoral Reform Society seeks a "representative democracy fit for the 21st century." The society advocates the replacement of the first-past-the-post voting, first-past-the-post and Plurality block voting, plurality-at-large voting systems with a proportional voting system, the single transferable vote. First-past-the-post is currently used for Elections in the United Kingdom#General elections, elections to the House of Commons and for most local elections in England and Wales, while plurality-at-large is used in multi-member council wards in England and Wales, and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Institute Of Chicago Building
The Art Institute of Chicago Building (initial 1893 main-structure built as the ''World's Congress Auxiliary Building'') houses the Art Institute of Chicago, and is part of the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District in the Chicago Loop, Loop Community areas of Chicago, community area of Chicago, Illinois. The building is located in Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park on the east side of Michigan Avenue (Chicago), Michigan Avenue, and marks the third address for the Art Institute. The main building was built for the joint purpose of providing an additional facility for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, and subsequently the Art Institute. The core of the current complex, located opposite Adams Street, officially opened to the public on December 8, 1893, and was renamed the Allerton Building in 1968. There have been numerous building additions over the years, as the museum has built over the sunken former Illinois Central line and further into the park. The most re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World's Columbian Exposition
The World's Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was a world's fair held in Chicago from May 5 to October 31, 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, held in Jackson Park, was a large water pool representing the voyage that Columbus took to the New World. Chicago won the right to host the fair over several competing cities, including New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis. The exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on American architecture, the arts, American industrial optimism, and Chicago's image. The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was predominantly designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted, and Charles B. Atwood. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux-Arts principles of design, namely ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhode Island Governor
The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and serves as commander-in-chief of the state's Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The current governor is Dan McKee, a member of the Democratic Party. In their capacity as commander of the national guard, the governor of Rhode Island also has the title of captain general. Rhode Island is one of the few states that currently does not have a governor's mansion or other official residence. Qualifications The following are the requirements to be elected Governor of Rhode Island: *Be at least eighteen years of age *Be a resident of the State of Rhode Island for at least thirty days *Be a registered voter in Rhode Island Constitutional authority and responsibilities Section I, Article IX of the Rhode Island Constitution reads, The Governor of Rhode Island is elected every four years and is limited to two consecutive terms. As the chief executive of the Government of Rhode Island, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius F
Lucius is a masculine given name derived from Lucius (Latin ; ), abbreviated L., one of the small group of common Latin forenames () found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius probably derives from Latin word ( gen. ), meaning "light" (< *''leuk-'', "brightness"), related to the Latin verb ("to shine") and to the name . Another proposed etymology is derivation from ''Lauchum'' (or ''Lauchme'') meaning " |
Albert Branson Maris
Albert Branson Maris (December 19, 1893 – February 7, 1989) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Education and career Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Maris received a Bachelor of Laws from the Temple University Beasley School of Law in 1918 and was a private in the United States Army in that year. He was an assistant secretary of the Proportional Representation League in Philadelphia from 1918 to 1919, and was a legal staff member of the Bureau of Municipal Research in Philadelphia in 1919. He was in private practice in Philadelphia from 1919 to 1936, working as an editor of '' The Legal Intelligencer'' from 1935 to 1936. He also graduated from the Drexel Institute Engineering School in 1926. Federal judicial service Maris was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 18, 1936, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John R
John R. (born John Richbourg, August 20, 1910 – February 15, 1986) was an American radio disc jockey who attained fame in the 1950s and 1960s for playing rhythm and blues music on Nashville radio station WLAC. He was also a notable record producer and artist manager. Richbourg was arguably the most popular and charismatic of the four announcers at WLAC who showcased popular African-American music in nightly programs from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. (The other three were Gene Nobles, Herman Grizzard, and Bill "Hoss" Allen.) Later rock music disc jockeys, such as Alan Freed and Wolfman Jack, mimicked Richbourg's practice of using speech that simulated African-American street language of the mid-twentieth century. Richbourg's highly stylized approach to on-air presentation of both music and advertising earned him popularity, but it also created identity confusion. Because Richbourg and fellow disc jockey Allen used African-American speech patterns, many listeners thought t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annie Denton Cridge
Annie Denton Cridge (1825–1875) was a UK-born American spiritualist, political reformer, lecturer, and writer. Cridge had great interest in women's rights, politics, and spiritualism. She helped produce a radical newspaper ''The Vanguard''. The utopian feminist novel she wrote in 1870, ''Man's Rights, or how would you like it? Comprising dreams'', is said to be the first utopian novel written by a womaAs well, she assisted in the high-profile literary and political work of several family members - her husband Alfred Cridge, her brother William Denton (geologist), William Denton, and her son Alfred Denton Cridge. Biography Annie Denton Cridge was born Annie Denton, in England in 1825. Her parents were Robert Denton (1797-1851) and Jane Dixon Denton (1791-1854). Among her siblings were William and Elizabeth (later Seybold). In 1848 she and brother William emigrated to the U.S. William and Annie were spiritualist In 1854 Annie married Alfred Cridge (1824-1902), himself an author, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (30 April 1834 – 28 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Baronet, from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, Liberal Party (UK), Liberal politician, philanthropist, scientist and polymath. Lubbock worked in his family company as a banker but made significant contributions in archaeology, ethnography, and several branches of biology. He coined the terms "Paleolithic, Palaeolithic" and "Neolithic" to denote the Old and New Stone Ages, respectively. He helped establish archaeology as a scientific discipline, and was influential in debates concerning evolutionary theory. He introduced the first law for the protection of the UK's archaeological and architectural heritage. He promoted the establishment of public libraries and was also a founding member of the X Club. Early life John Lubbock was born in 1834, the son of Sir John Lubbock, 3rd Baronet, a London banker, and his wife Harriet. He was brought up in the family home of High Elms Count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
