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Prolintane
Prolintane is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) of the phenylalkylpyrrolidine family developed in the 1950s. Being an amphetamine derivative, it is closely related in chemical structure to other drugs such as pyrovalerone, MDPV, and propylhexedrine, and has a similar mechanism of action. Many cases of prolintane abuse have been reported. Under the brand name Katovit, prolintane was commercialized by the Spanish pharmaceutical company FHER until 2001. It was most often used by students and workers as a stimulant to provide energy and increase alertness and concentration. See also * α-PVP (β-ketone-prolintane, prolintanone) * Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) * Pyrovalerone (Centroton, Thymergix) * Phenylpropylaminopentane 1-Phenyl-2-propylaminopentane (PPAP), also known as α,''N''-dipropylphenethylamine (DPPEA) and by the developmental code name MK-306, is an experimental drug related to selegiline which act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrovalerone
(Centroton, 4-Methyl-β-keto-prolintane, Thymergix, O-2371) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It was developed in the 1980s and had briefly been approved in Spain and France for chronic fatigue or lethargy and as an appetite suppressant, but was withdrawn from both markets around 2001 due to safety concerns including problems with abuse and dependence. It is closely related on a structural level to a number of other cathinone stimulants, such as α-PVP, MDPV and prolintane. Side effects of pyrovalerone include decreased appetite, anxiety, fragmented sleep or insomnia, and trembling, shaking, or muscle tremors. Withdrawal symptoms following abuse upon discontinuation often results in depression. The ''R''-enantiomer In chemistry, an enantiomer (Help:IPA/English, /ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ Help:Pronunciation respelling key, ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''), also known as an optical isomer, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norepinephrine–dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT). NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion. A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA). List of NDRIs Many NDRIs exist, including the following: Some NDRIs, such as methylphenidate, may not act as simple NDRIs but rather as DAT "inverse agonists" (and possibly also analogously at the NET as well). If this theory is correct, then methylphenidate a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylethylpyrrolidine
1-(2-Phenylethyl)pyrrolidine (PEP) is a chemical compound. It is an analogue of 2-phenylethylamine where the amine has been replaced by a pyrrolidine ring. The β- keto derivative is phenacylpyrrolidine and the α-methyl and β-keto (i.e., cathinone) derivative is α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP). PEP is the base chemical structure for a series of stimulant drugs, including: * α-PBP * α-PHP * α-PPP * α-PVP * MDPBP * MDPPP * MDPV * MOPPP * MPBP * MPHP * MPPP * Naphyrone * Prolintane * Pyrovalerone All of these compounds differ from PEP in that the alpha carbon is extended and a ketone is attached to the beta carbon (with the exception of prolintane), among other modifications. See also * Phenethylamine * Amphetamine * Cathinone Cathinone (; also known as β-ketoamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub ''Catha edulis'' (khat) and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine, methcathinone and other amphetamines. It is probably the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norepinephrine–dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT). NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion. A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA). List of NDRIs Many NDRIs exist, including the following: Some NDRIs, such as methylphenidate, may not act as simple NDRIs but rather as DAT "inverse agonists" (and possibly also analogously at the NET as well). If this theory is correct, then methylphenidate a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mechanism Of Action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical Drug interaction, interaction through which a Medication, drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor (biochemistry), receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there. Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives. In contrast, a Mode of action, mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance. Importance Elucidating the mechanism of action of novel drugs and medicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropylaminopentane
1-Phenyl-2-propylaminopentane (PPAP), also known as α,''N''-dipropylphenethylamine (DPPEA) and by the developmental code name MK-306, is an experimental drug related to selegiline which acts as a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE). PPAP is a CAE and enhances the nerve impulse propagation-mediated release of norepinephrine and dopamine. It produces psychostimulant-like effects in animals. The drug is a phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative and was derived from selegiline. PPAP was first described in the literature in 1988 and in the first major paper in 1992. It led to the development of the improved monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) benzofuranylpropylaminopentane (BPAP) in 1999. PPAP was a reference compound for studying the MAE system for many years. However, it was superseded by BPAP, which is more potent, selective, and also enhances serotonin. There has been interest in PPAP for potential clinical use in humans, including in the treatment of depression, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (abbreviated MDPV, and also called monkey dust) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim. Its activity at the dopamine transporter is six times stronger than at the norepinephrine transporter and it is virtually inactive at the serotonin transporter. MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004 when it was reportedly sold as a designer drug. In the US, products containing MDPV and labeled as bath salts were sold as recreational drugs in gas stations, similar to the marketing for Spice and K2 as incense, until it was banned in 2011. Appearance The hydrochloride salt exists as a very fine crystalline powder; it is hygroscopic and thus tends to form clumps, resembling something like powdered sugar. Its color can range from pure white to a yellowish-tan and has a slight odor that strengthens as it colors. Impuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
