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Prof. Mr. Soenario, S.H.
Soenario Sastrowardoyo ( EYD: Sunario Sastrowardoyo; 28 August 1902 – 18 May 1997), more commonly known simply as Soenario, was an Indonesian politician, and diplomat, who served as the 7th Foreign Minister of Indonesia, from 1953 until 1955, during the First Ali Sastroamidjojo cabinet, under Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo. He was one of Indonesia's leading figures during the Indonesian independence movement and served as an administrator for the '' Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' association in the Netherlands. He was born in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia, on 28 August 1902. He started his education at the '' Frobelschool'', before continuing to ''Europeesche Lagere School'' (ELS) and later to the ''Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' (MULO). He then continued to the '' Rechtshoogeschool'' in Batavia and later the Leiden University in Leiden. While studying in the Netherlands, he was active in the management of the '' Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' association. Upon his return from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Of Laws
A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: ' or ') is a postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree, a professional law degree, or an undergraduate degree in another subject. In many jurisdictions, the LL.M. is an advanced professional degree for those already admitted to legal practice. Definition To become a lawyer and practice law in most jurisdictions, a person must first obtain a law degree. In most common law countries, a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) is required. In the United States, a bachelor's degree followed by the Juris Doctor (J.D.), a graduate school degree, and passing an additional set of examinations (the Bar exam) is typically required to practice law. The LL.M. program is an advanced postgraduate law program. In Canada, an LL.B is required to enter an LL.M program; in the United States and Australia, a J.D. is required. Specialized LL.M. programs have been introduced in many European countries. An LL.M. d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplomat
A diplomat (from ; romanization, romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state (polity), state, International organization, intergovernmental, or Non-governmental organization, nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations. The main functions of diplomats are representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state; initiation and facilitation of strategic agreements, treaties and conventions; and promotion of information, trade and commerce, technology, and friendly relations. Seasoned diplomats of international repute are used in international organizations (for example, the United Nations, the world's largest diplomatic forum) as well as multinational companies for their experience in management and Negotiation, negotiating skills. Diplomats are members of foreign services and diplomatic corps of various nations of the world. The sending state is required to get the consent of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs
Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs ( Dutch, "more advanced primary education") was during part of the twentieth century a level of education in the Netherlands, Suriname and the Dutch East Indies. The system was comparable with the junior high school level in the US education system. Its successors were the mavo and vbo, now both replaced by VMBO. In Suriname, MULO was a four year program. It was split into MULO-A which was focused on business and MULO-B which was focused on science. After graduating, students could move onto three-year VWO leading to university or a two-year HAVO leading to higher vocational training. In 2021, it was replaced with "voortgezet onderwijs" in Suriname. See also * Education in the Netherlands Education in the Netherlands is characterized by division: education is oriented toward the needs and background of the pupil. Education is divided over schools for different age groups, some of which are divided in streams for different educatio ... Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europeesche Lagere School
Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) was a European elementary school system in what was then the Dutch East Indies during colonial rule. The schools were intended primarily for Europeans. The implementation of basic education at that time was differentiated between basic education for European children and indigenous children, so there was a primary school for a European child (''Lager Onderwijs en Lagere School voor Europeanen'') and an elementary school for native and foreign Eastern children attending the ELS. Although special requirements were established, in 1902 the name Europeesche Lagere Scholen was used for European children's primary schools. It means to eliminate the impression that this school is solely for Europeans. Having been established for the first time in Weltevreden (Batavia), Weltevreden (Jatinegara), the ELS was growing more and more in number. In 1820 there were only seven schools, and in 1845 there were 24 schools. Then, the number of schools grew up to 68 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Java
East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern and southern coasts, respectively, while the narrow Bali Strait to the east separates Java from Bali by around . Located in eastern Java (island), Java, the province also includes the island of Madura Island, Madura (which is connected to Java by the longest bridge in Indonesia, the Suramadu Bridge), as well as the Kangean Islands, Kangean islands and other smaller island groups located further east (in the northern Bali Sea) and the Masalembu Islands, Masalembu archipelago to the north. Its capital is Surabaya, the Largest cities in Indonesia, second largest city in Indonesia, a major industrial center and also a major business center. Banyuwangi is the largest regency in East Java and the largest on the island of Java. The province cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of Provinces of the Netherlands, twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium. The official language is Dutch language, Dutch, with West Frisian language, West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English_language, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean Netherlands, Caribbean territories. The people who are from the Netherlands is often referred to as Dutch people, Dutch Ethnicity, Ethnicity group, not to be confused by the language. ''Netherlands'' literally means "lower countries" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perhimpoenan Indonesia
''Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' or PI (English: ''Indonesian Association''; Dutch: ''Indonesische Vereeniging'') was an Indonesian student association in the Netherlands in the first half of the twentieth century. It was established under the Dutch name ''Indische Vereeniging'' (English: ''Indies' Association''; Malay/Indonesian: ''Perhimpoenan Hindia)''. It later changed its name to ''Indonesische Vereeniging'' (''Indonesian Association'') in 1922, and its Malay translation ''Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' in 1925. Although small in membership numbers – throughout the period between 30 and 150 members – the organization was important because it was one of the first to campaign for full Indonesian independence from the Netherlands, and because many PI-students would later acquire prominent political positions in the independent state of Indonesia. History ''Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' was established in 1908 under the name of ''Indische Vereeniging'' and was initially a social club, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Awakening
The Indonesian National Awakening () is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago of Indonesia first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians". In the pursuit of profits and administrative control, the Dutch imposed an authority of the Dutch East Indies on an array of peoples who had not previously shared a unified political identity. By the start of the 20th century, the Dutch had formed the territorial boundaries of a colonial state that became the precursor to modern Indonesia. In the first half of the 20th century, new organisations and leadership developed. Under its Ethical Policy, the Netherlands helped create an educated Indonesian elite. These profound changes amongst the indigenous Indonesian population are often referred to as the "Indonesian National Revival". They were accompanied by increased political activism and culminated in Indonesian nationalists' proclaiming indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Indonesia
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia () was a political office in Indonesia which existed from 1945 until 1966. During this period, the prime minister was in charge of the cabinet of Indonesia, one of the three branches of government along with the House of Representatives and the president. Following his 1959 decree, President Sukarno assumed the role and powers of prime minister until his resignation in 1966. Indonesian National Revolution On 18 August 1945, a day after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Sukarno was appointed president and the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia came into force, which stated that Indonesia was built around a presidential system; as such, there were no constitutional provisions for a prime minister, and the cabinet was directly responsible to the president. However following Vice-Presidential Edict No.X, on 11 November the cabinet was made responsible to the provisional legislature, the Central Indonesian National Committ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet
The First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet () was an Indonesian cabinet named after the prime minister, and also known as 'Kabinet IV', that served from 30 July 1953 until 12 August 1955. Composition Cabinet Leadership *Prime Minister: Ali Sastroamidjojo (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *First Deputy Prime Minister: Wongsonegoro ( Great Indonesia Unity Party – PIR) *Second Deputy Prime Minister: Zainul Arifin (Nahdlatul Ulama - NU) Cabinet Members *Minister of Foreign Affairs: Sunario (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *Minister of Home Affairs: Hazairin (PIR) *Minister of Defense: Iwa Kusumasumantri (Progressive Faction) *Minister of Justice: Djody Gondokusumo (PRN) *Minister of Information: Dr. F. L. Tobing (SKI) *Minister of Finance: Ong Eng Die (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *Minister of Agriculture: Sadjarwo Djarwonagoro (BTI) *Minister of Economic Affairs: Iskaq Tjokroadisurjo (Indonesian National Party – PNI) *Minister of Transport: Abikusno Tjokrosujono ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
