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Primer Congreso Del Hombre Andino
Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino (First Conference of the Andean Man) was an academic conference in northern Chile organized by the northern branch of the University of Chile in June 1973. Its subject was the Indigenous societies of the Andean world, be these modern, historical or archaeological. The conference was an important milestone in the development of Andean studies including Andean archaeology and for Chile it marked the maturation of academic studies carried out by scholars based in its northern cities. Origin and organization According to Lautaro Núñez he and other archaeologists at the regional see of the University of Chile in Antofagasta (today the University of Antofagasta) organized the conference as they saw a need for a more interdisciplinary study of the marginalized Indigenous communities they often encountered in their work. From Antofagasta the university sees at Iquique and Arica were invited to participate in the organization of the event. The initiative ...
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Academic Conference
An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an Convention (meeting), event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic journal, academic or scientific journals and preprint archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic Habitus (sociology), habitus", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more Academic discipline, disciplines. The first international academic conferences and congresses appeared in 19th century. Overview Conferences usually encompass various presentations. They tend to be short and conci ...
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Social System
In sociology, a social system is the patterned network of relationships constituting a coherent whole that exist between individuals, groups, and institutions. It is the formal Social structure, structure of role and status that can form in a small, stable group. An individual may belong to multiple social System, systems at once; examples of social systems include nuclear family units, community, communities, City, cities, nations, college campuses, religions, corporations, and Industry (economics), industries. The organization and definition of groups within a social system depend on various shared properties such as location, Socioeconomics, socioeconomic status, race, religion, societal function, or other distinguishable features. Notable theorists The study of social systems is integral to the fields of sociology and public policy. Social systems have been studied for as long as sociology has existed. Talcott Parsons Talcott Parsons was the first to formulate a systematic ...
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Manuel Mamami Mamani
Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name), a given name and surname * Manuel (''Fawlty Towers''), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manuel I of Portugal, king of Portugal * Manuel I of Trebizond, Emperor of Trebizond Places *Manuel, Valencia, a municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain *Manuel Junction, railway station near Falkirk, Scotland Other * Manuel (American horse), a thoroughbred racehorse * Manuel (Australian horse), a thoroughbred racehorse * Manuel and The Music of The Mountains, a musical ensemble * ''Manuel'' (album), music album by Dalida, 1974 See also *Manny (other), a common nickname for those named Manuel *Manoel (other) *Immanuel (other) *Emmanuel (other) *Emanuel (other) *Emmanuelle (other) *Manuela (other) Manuela may refer to: People * Manuela (given name), a Spanish and Portuguese feminine given na ...
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John Victor Murra
John Victor Murra (24 August 1916 – 16 October 2006) was a Ukrainian-American professor of anthropology and a researcher of the Inca Empire. Early life and education Born Isak Lipschitz in Odesa, Ukraine, Russian Empire, in 1916, Murra emigrated to the United States in 1934 and completed an undergraduate degree in sociology at the University of Chicago in 1936. In 1937, he sailed to Europe and fought in the Spanish Civil War as a foreign volunteer on the side of the Second Spanish Republic. Serving as a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, he initially worked as a smuggler out of Perpignan, France. He then entered Spain and was wounded in battle during the Battle of the Ebro. His injuries later medically precluded him from service in World War II. Returning to the United States in 1939, he returned to Illinois to continue his studies at the University of Chicago. He finished a master's degree in 1942 and a PhD in 1956, both in anthropology. Career Murra taught at the Uni ...
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Julia Elena Fortún
Julia Elena Fortún Melgarejo (9 October 1929 – 5 December 2016) was a Bolivian historian, anthropologist, folklorist, and ethnomusicologist, pioneer in this last field in her country. She was born in the city of Sucre but lived in La Paz for most of her life. She obtained an anthropology degree in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and her doctorate in history in the Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain. Back in Bolivia, Fortún studied music in the Academia Eduardo Berdecio and subsequently in the Conservatorio Nacional de Música in the city of La Paz.* She died on 5 December 2016 at the age of 87. In June 1973 she participated in the Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino held in northern Chile. There she coordinated alongside Oreste Plath the symposium on "Basic problems of the study of Andean folklore". However, the 1973 Chilean coup d'état on September 11 hindered the publication of the conference proceedings In academia and librarianship, conference proceedings are a collec ...
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Carlota Sempé
María Carlota Sempé (6 December 1942 – 1 February 2024) was an Argentine archaeologist, teacher and scientific researcher who specialised in the pre-Hispanic cultures of Northwest Argentina, the Littoral and urban heritage cemeteries. Biography In 1967 Sempé graduated in anthropology at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum of the National University of La Plata, and in 1976 she obtained the degree of Doctor in Natural Sciences at the same university. Sempé died on 1 February 2024, at the age of 81. Career Her research topic for her Ph.D. degree was Contribution to the Archaeology of the Abaucán Valley, Catamarca. This work was carried out under the direction of Alberto Rex Gonzalez. During his career he devoted himself on the one hand to the study of the funerary field, practices, architecture, cultural environment and identity in different socio-historical formations, and on the other hand to art in archaeology, mainly the ceramic representations of Northwest ...
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Ana María Lorandi
Ana María Lorandi (7 March 1936 – 30 January 2017) was an Argentine archaeologist, historian and scientific researcher who specialised in Andean ethnohistory. Along John Victor Murra she is known for a new radical historiography of the Inca Empire. Besides her Andean studies she also contributed to research on the rural areas of southeastern of South America, that is Paraguay, the Argentine Littoral, the Pampas and Patagonia. In June 1973 Lorandi participated in the Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino Primer Congreso del Hombre Andino (First Conference of the Andean Man) was an academic conference in northern Chile organized by the northern branch of the University of Chile in June 1973. Its subject was the Indigenous societies of the Andean wor ... held in northern Chile. References 1936 births 2017 deaths Scholars of the Incan civilization 20th-century Argentine historians Argentine women historians 20th-century archaeologists 21st-century archaeologists Women ...
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Tanquetazo
''El Tanquetazo'' or ''El Tancazo'' (Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...: "The tank putsch") was an attempted coup d'état that occurred in Chile on 29 June 1973. Elements of an armored regiment of the Chilean Army led by Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Souper tried to overthrow the Popular Unity (Chile), Popular Unity government of President Salvador Allende. Souper's regiment fired on buildings of the Chilean Government in central Santiago with tanks and small arms in which 22 people were killed. Loyalist soldiers led by Army commander-in-chief Carlos Prats successfully put down the coup within hours. Souper and most of the soldiers involved in the coup surrendered to Prats while some fled in exile to Ecuador. The ''Tanquetazo'' was unsuccessful but is consider ...
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Proletariat
The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian or a . Marxist philosophy regards the proletariat under conditions of capitalism as an exploited class⁠ forced to accept meager wages in return for operating the means of production, which belong to the class of business owners, the bourgeoisie. Karl Marx argued that this capitalist oppression gives the proletariat common economic and political interests that transcend national boundaries, impelling them to unite and to take over power from the capitalist class, and eventually to create a socialist society free from class distinctions. Roman Republic and Empire The constituted a social class of Roman citizens who owned little or no property. The name presumably originated with the census, which Roman authorities conducted every five years ...
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Vertical Archipelago
The vertical archipelago is a term coined by sociologist and anthropologist John Victor Murra under the influence of economist Karl Polanyi to describe the native Andean agricultural economic model of accessing and distributing resources. While some cultures developed Market (economics), market economies, the predominant models were systems of barter and Minka (communal work), shared labor. These reached their greatest development under the Inca Empire. Scholars have identified four distinct ecozones, at different elevations. Overview Aside from certain cultures, particularly in the arid northwest coast of Peru and northern Andes, pre-colonial Andean civilizations did not have strong traditions of Market (economics), market-based trade. Like Mesoamerican traders, there was a trading class known as in these northern coastal and highland societies. A system of barter known as is also known to have existed in these coastal societies as a means of exchanging goods and food stuffs ...
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Transhumance
Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or Nomad, nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions (''vertical transhumance''), it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Generally only the herds travel, with a certain number of people necessary to tend them, while the main population stays at the base. In contrast, movement in plains or plateaus ''(horizontal transhumance)'' is more susceptible to disruption by climatic, economic, or political change. Traditional or fixed transhumance has occurred throughout the inhabited world, particularly Europe and western Asia. It is often important to pastoralist societies, as the dairy products of transhumance flocks and herds (milk, butter, yogurt and cheese) may form much of the diet of such populations. In many languages there are words for the higher summer pastures, and frequently these ...
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Nomadism
Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, Nomadic pastoralism, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and Merchant, trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the population of nomadic pastoral tribes slowly decreased, reaching an estimated 30–40 million nomads in the world . Nomadic hunting and gathering—following seasonally available wild plants and game—is by far the oldest human subsistence method known. Pastoralists raise herds of domesticated livestock, driving or accompanying them in patterns that normally avoid depleting pastures beyond their ability to recover. Nomadism is also a Lifestyle (sociology), lifestyle adapted to infertile regions such as steppe, tundra, or desert, ice and sand, where mobility is the most efficient strategy for exploiting scarce resources. For example, many groups living in the tundra are reindeer herders and are semi-nomadic, following forage for their ...
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