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Priapatius
Priapatius (also spelled Phriapatius or Phriapites; ), was the Arsacid king of Parthia from 191 BC to 176 BC. He was the first-cousin-once-removed and successor of Arsaces II (). Like many Arsacid monarchs, his reign is sparsely known. His coinage indicates that he managed to rid himself of the influence of the Seleucid Empire. He was succeeded by his son Phraates I. Background According to the modern historian Mehrdad Kia, Priapatius was most likely the son of his predecessor, Arsaces II (), who was in turn the son of Arsaces I (), the founder of the dynasty. However, this is unlikely, as newly found contemporary Parthian ostracons call him a son of the nephew of Arsaces I. Efforts have been made by scholars to reconstruct the early genealogy of the Arsacids, which calls Priapatius the grandson of Tiridates, the brother of Arsaces. However, numismatic data and recent analysis of sources have led to the conclusion that the character of Tiridates is fictional. Reign Regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Parthian Monarchs
The Parthian, or Arsacid, monarchs were the rulers of Iran from their victories against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire in the 140s BC (although they had ruled a smaller kingdom in the region of Parthia for roughly a century at that point, founded by Arsaces I) until the defeat of the last Parthian king, Artabanus IV, at the Battle of Hormozdgan in AD 224. At the height of their power, the Parthian kings ruled an empire stretching from present-day central-eastern Turkey to present-day Afghanistan and western Pakistan. Chronology of Parthian kings The rough sequence of Parthian rulers is relatively well-established from surviving literary sources and traditions, especially histories and accounts written by Roman historians, but many uncertainties exist in terms of the details. The modern understanding of the chronology and sequence of the Parthian rulers is based on surviving sources, but also on information that can be gleaned from Parthian coins, such as dates and the name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phraates I Of Parthia
Phraates I () was king of the Arsacid dynasty from 170/168 BC to 165/64 BC. He subdued the Mardians, conquered their territory in the Alborz mountains, and reclaimed Hyrcania from the Seleucid Empire. He died in 165/64 BC, and was succeeded by his brother Mithridates I (), whom he had appointed his heir. Name ''Phraátēs'' () is the Greek transliteration of the Parthian name (), itself from Old Iranian ''*Frahāta-'' ("gained, earned"). The Modern Persian version is ''Farhād'' (). Background Phraates was the eldest son of the Parthian monarch Priapatius (), who was the nephew of Arsaces II. Phraates had three other brothers, Mithridates, Bagasis and Artabanus. New epigraphic evidence from Nisa suggests that Priapatius following his death in 170 BC may have been succeeded by an obscure figure named Arsaces IV, who briefly ruled for two years. However, this is rejected by the historian Marek Jan Olbrycht, who calls it "sheer speculation". Since the defeat of Arsace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phraates I
Phraates I () was king of the Arsacid dynasty from 170/168 BC to 165/64 BC. He subdued the Mardians, conquered their territory in the Alborz mountains, and reclaimed Hyrcania from the Seleucid Empire. He died in 165/64 BC, and was succeeded by his brother Mithridates I (), whom he had appointed his heir. Name ''Phraátēs'' () is the Greek transliteration of the Parthian name (), itself from Old Iranian ''*Frahāta-'' ("gained, earned"). The Modern Persian version is ''Farhād'' (). Background Phraates was the eldest son of the Parthian monarch Priapatius (), who was the nephew of Arsaces II. Phraates had three other brothers, Mithridates, Bagasis and Artabanus. New epigraphic evidence from Nisa suggests that Priapatius following his death in 170 BC may have been succeeded by an obscure figure named Arsaces IV, who briefly ruled for two years. However, this is rejected by the historian Marek Jan Olbrycht, who calls it "sheer speculation". Since the defeat of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsaces II Of Parthia
Arsaces II (; from ; in ''Aršak'', ''Ašk''), was the Arsacid king of Parthia from 217 BC to 191 BC. Name ' is the Latin form of the Greek ''Arsákēs'' (), itself from Parthian ''Aršak'' (). The Old Persian equivalent is ''Aršaka-'' (). Biography Arsaces II succeeded his father Arsaces I in 217 BC. In 209 BC, the energetic Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great recaptured Parthia, which had been previously seized from Andragoras by Arsaces I and the Parni around 238 BC. Arsaces II sued for peace following his defeat in the Battle of Mount Labus. Prior to this, Antiochus had already occupied the Parthian capital at Hecatompylos, pushing forward to Tagae near Damghan. Following the defeat of Arsaces II at Mount Labus, Antiochus turned westwards into Hyrcania where he occupied Tambrax. The heavily barricaded city of Syrinx was then taken by siege. In the terms of the peace, Arsaces accepted feudatory status and from then onwards ruled Parthia and Hyrcani as a vassal st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithridates I Of Parthia
Mithridates I (also spelled Mithradates I or Mihrdad I; ''Mihrdāt''), also known as Mithridates I the Great, was king of the Parthian Empire from 165 BC to 132 BC. During his reign, Parthia was transformed from a small kingdom into a major political power in the Ancient East as a result of his conquests. He first conquered Aria, Margiana and western Bactria from the Greco-Bactrians sometime in 163–155 BC, and then waged war with the Seleucid Empire, conquering Media and Atropatene in 148/7 BC. In 141 BC, he conquered Babylonia and held an official investiture ceremony in Seleucia. The kingdoms of Elymais and Characene shortly afterwards became Parthian vassals. In BC, while Mithridates was fighting the nomadic Saka in the east, the Seleucid king Demetrius II Nicator attempted to regain the lost territories; initially successful, he was defeated and captured in 138 BC, and shortly afterwards sent to one of Mithridates I's palaces in Hyrcania. Mithridates I then punished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artabanus I Of Parthia
Artabanus I ( ''Ardawān''), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus II, was king of the Parthian Empire, ruling briefly from to 124/3 BC.The exact period that Artabanus I reigned is disputed. According to , his reign was 127-125 BC; states 127-124/3 BC; states 127-124/3 BC; states 126-123/2 BC. His short reign ended abruptly when he died during a battle against the Yuezhi in the east. He was succeeded by his son Mithridates II. Name ' is the Latin form of the Greek ''Artábanos'' (), itself from the Old Persian ''*Arta-bānu'' ("the glory of Arta."). The Parthian and Middle Persian variant was ''Ardawān'' (). Reign The son of Priapatius, Artabanus I succeeded his nephew Phraates II in 127 BC. Artabanus I must have been relatively old at his accession, due to his father having died in 176 BC. Since the early 2nd century BC, the Arsacids had begun adding obvious signals in their dynastic ideology, which emphasized their association with the heritage of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsaces I Of Parthia
Arsaces I (; from ; in ) was the first king of Parthian Empire, Parthia, ruling from 247 BC to 217 BC, as well as the founder and eponym of the Parthian Empire, Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. The leader of the Parni, one of the three tribes of the Dahae confederacy, Arsaces founded his dynasty in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the satrapy of Parthia (now shared between Turkmenistan and Iran) from Andragoras (Seleucid satrap), Andragoras, who had rebelled against the Seleucid Empire. He spent the rest of his reign consolidating his rule in the region, and successfully stopped the Seleucid efforts to reconquer Parthia. Due to Arsaces' achievements, he became a popular figure amongst the Arsacid monarchs, who used his name as a royal honorific. By the time of his death, Arsaces had laid the foundations of a strong state, which would eventually transform into an empire under his great-grandnephew, Mithridates I of Parthia, Mithridates I, who assumed the ancient Near Eastern roya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conquering the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, who was rebelling against the Seleucid Empire. Mithridates I ( BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to present-day Afghanistan and western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce. The Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and regalia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyrcania
Hyrcania (; ''Hyrkanía'', Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 ''Varkâna'',Lendering (1996) Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 ''Gurgān'', Akkadian: ''Urqananu'') is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan, bound in the south by the Alborz mountain range and the Kopet Dag in the east. The region served as a satrapy (province) of the Median Empire, a sub-province of the Achaemenid Empire, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Arsacid and Sasanian empires. Hyrcania bordered Parthia to the east (later known as Abarshahr), Dihistan to the north, Media to the south and Mardia to the west. Etymology ''Hyrcania'' () is the Greek name for the region, a borrowing from the Old Persian ''Verkâna'' as recorded in Darius the Great's Behistun Inscription (522 BC), as well as in other Old Persian cuneiform inscriptions. ''Verkā'' means "wolf" in Old Iranian, cf. Avestan ''vəhrkō'', Gilaki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
