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Presumption Of Guilt
A presumption of guilt is any presumption within the criminal justice system that a person is guilty of a crime, for example a presumption that a suspect is guilty unless or until proven to be innocent. Such a presumption may legitimately arise from a rule of law or a procedural rule of the court or other adjudicating body which determines how the facts in the case are to be proved, and may be either rebuttable or irrebuttable. An irrebuttable presumption of fact may not be challenged by the defense, and the presumed fact is taken as having been proved. A rebuttable presumption shifts the burden of proof onto the defense, who must collect and present evidence to prove the suspect's innocence, in order to obtain acquittal. Rebuttable presumptions of fact, arising during the course of a trial as a result of specific factual situations (for example that the accused has taken flight), are common; an opening presumption of guilt based on the mere fact that the suspect has been cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burden Of Proof (law)
In a legal dispute, one party has the burden of proof to show that they are correct, while the other party has no such burden and is presumed to be correct. The burden of proof requires a party to produce evidence to establish the truth of facts needed to satisfy all the required legal elements of the dispute. It is also known as the onus of proof. The burden of proof is usually on the person who brings a claim in a dispute. It is often associated with the Latin maxim ''semper necessitas probandi incumbit ei qui agit'', a translation of which is: "the necessity of proof always lies with the person who lays charges." In civil suits, for example, the plaintiff bears the burden of proof that the defendant's action or inaction caused injury to the plaintiff, and the defendant bears the burden of proving an affirmative defense. The burden of proof is on the prosecutor for criminal cases, and the defendant is presumed innocent. If the claimant fails to discharge the burden of proof to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steven Avery
Steven Allan Avery (born July 9, 1962) is an American from Manitowoc County, Wisconsin who was convicted of murder in 2007. He had previously been wrongfully convicted in 1985 of sexual assault and attempted murder. After serving 18 years of a 32-year sentence (six of those years being concurrent with a kidnapping sentence), Avery was exonerated by DNA testing and released in 2003, only to be charged with murder in a different case two years later. Avery's 2003 exoneration prompted widespread discussion of Wisconsin's criminal justice system; the Criminal Justice Reform Bill, enacted into law in 2005, implemented reforms aimed at preventing future wrongful convictions. Following his release, Avery filed a $36 million lawsuit against Manitowoc County, its former sheriff, and its former district attorney for wrongful conviction and imprisonment. In November 2005, with his civil suit still pending, he was arrested for the murder of Wisconsin photographer Teresa Halbach, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brendan O'Neill (journalist)
Brendan O'Neill is an English author and pundit. He was the editor of '' Spiked'' from 2007 to September 2021, and is its "chief political writer". He has been a columnist for ''The Australian'', ''The Big Issue'', and ''The Spectator''. Once a Trotskyist, O'Neill was formerly a member of the Revolutionary Communist Party and wrote for the party's journal '' Living Marxism''. In 2019, O'Neill said he was a Marxist libertarian. Career He began his career at ''Spikeds predecessor, '' Living Marxism'', the journal of the Revolutionary Communist Party, which ceased publication after ITN won their libel action following ''Living Marxism'' accusing ITN of misrepresenting a picture of a prison camp during the Bosnian war. Since then, O'Neill has contributed articles to publications in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia including ''The Spectator'', the ''New Statesman'', BBC News Online, ''The Christian Science Monitor'', '' The American Conservative'', ''Salon'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Me Too Movement
#MeToo is a social movement and Consciousness raising, awareness campaign against sexual abuse, sexual harassment and rape culture, in which women publicize their experiences of sexual abuse or sexual harassment. The phrase "Me Too" was initially used in this context on social media around 2006, on Myspace, by sexual assault survivor and activist Tarana Burke. The hashtag ''#MeToo'' was used starting in 2017 as a way to draw attention to the magnitude of the problem. "Me Too" is meant to empower those who have been sexually assaulted through empathy, solidarity and strength in numbers, by visibly demonstrating how many have experienced sexual assault and harassment, especially in the workplace. Following multiple exposures of Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations, sexual-abuse allegations against film producer Harvey Weinstein in October 2017, the movement began to spread Viral phenomenon, virally as a hashtag on social media. On October 15, 2017, American actress Alyssa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeremy Piven
Jeremy Samuel Piven (born July 26, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Ari Gold in the comedy series '' Entourage'', for which he won a Golden Globe Award and three consecutive Emmy Awards. He also starred in the British period drama '' Mr Selfridge'', which tells the story of the man who created the English department store Selfridges, and portrayed Spence Kovak on Ellen DeGeneres's sitcom '' Ellen''. Early years Piven was born in Manhattan and raised in a Reconstructionist Jewish family of Ukrainian Jewish descent. His parents are Byrne Piven (1929–2002) and Joyce Hiller Piven (née Goldstein; 1930–2025), both of whom were actors and drama teachers. His elder sister is director Shira Piven, whom he has described as one of his first acting teachers. Piven grew up in Evanston, Illinois, and graduated from Evanston Township High School. As a teenager, he attended Harand Theater Camp in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin, where he played Bernardo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Accusation Of Rape
A false accusation of rape happens when a person states that they or another person have been raped when no rape has occurred. Although there are widely varying estimates of the prevalence of false accusation of rape, according to a 2013 book on forensic victimology, very few reliable scientific studies have been conducted. Rates of false accusation are sometimes inflated or misrepresented due to conflation of ''false'' with designations such as ''unfounded''. Designations such as ''unfounded'' allow law enforcement to close cases without arriving at a conclusion and are used to describe cases without enough evidence, as opposed to ''false'' cases where the accuser is not credible or eventually admits that the accusation is untrue. Causes Causes of false accusations of rape fall into two categories: deliberate deception (lies) and non-deliberate deception (such as false memories, facilitated communication, and "don't know"). Deliberate deception An accuser may have severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marco Giannangeli
Marco may refer to: People Given name * Marco (actor) (born 1977), South Korean model and actor Surname * Georg Marco (1863–1923), Romanian chess player of German origin * Jindřich Marco (1921–2000), Czechoslovak photographer and numismatist * Joseph Marco (born 1988), Filipino actor * Kenny Marco (1947–2025), Canadian guitarist. * María del Pilar Sinués de Marco (1835–1893), Spanish writer * Tomás Marco (born 1942), Spanish composer and writer on music Places * Marco, Ceará, Brazil, a municipality * Marco, New Zealand, a locality in the Taranaki Region * Marco, Indiana, United States, an unincorporated town * Marco, Missouri, United States, an unincorporated community * Marco Island, Florida, United States, a city and an island Science and technology * Mars Cube One (MarCO), a pair of small satellites which fly by Mars in 2018 * MARCO, a macrophage receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the MARCO gene * Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on the Ocean (MARC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Henriques
Sir Richard Henry Quixano Henriques (born 27 October 1943) is a British retired lawyer and judge who was a Justice of the High Court of England and Wales. Early life and education Henriques was born in south Fylde, educated at Southdene, in South Shore and at Lawrence House Preparatory School in Lytham St Annes, all in Lancashire. He then attended Bradfield College and then Worcester College, Oxford. Legal career He was called to the bar (Inner Temple) in 1967 and made a bencher in 1994. Henriques was made a Queen's Counsel in 1986. In 1993, Henriques acted as lead prosecution counsel in the James Bulger Murder Trial, during which he successfully rebutted the principle of ''doli incapax'', which at the time presumed that young children could not be held legally responsible for their actions. In 1999, he prosecuted serial killer Dr Harold Shipman for the murders of 15 patients in his care. He was later appointed a Crown Court Recorder, and on 19 April 2000 was appointed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of Justice
The High Court of Justice in London, known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England, together with the Court of Appeal (England and Wales), Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Courts of England and Wales, Senior Courts of England and Wales. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC (England and Wales High Court) for legal citation purposes. The High Court deals at Court of first instance, first instance with all high-value and high-importance Civil law (common law), civil law (non-Criminal law, criminal) cases; it also has a supervisory jurisdiction over all subordinate courts and tribunals, with a few statutory exceptions, though there are debates as to whether these exceptions are effective. The High Court consists of three divisions: the King's Bench Division, the #Chancery Division, Chancery Division and the #Family Division, Family Division. Their jurisdictions overlap in some cases, and cases started in one division may be transferred by court order to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutionality
In constitutional law, constitutionality is said to be the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; "Webster On Line" the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution. When laws, procedures, or acts directly violate the constitution, they are unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless the country in question has a mechanism for challenging laws as unconstitutional. Applicability An act or statute enacted as law either by a national legislature or by a subordinate-level legislature such as that of a state or province may be declared unconstitutional. However, governments do not only create laws but also enforce the laws set forth in the document defining the government, which is the constitution. When the proper court determines that a legislative act or law conflicts with the constitution, it finds that law unconstitutional and declares it void in whole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fixed Penalty Notice
In the United Kingdom, a fixed penalty notice (FPN) is a notice giving an individual the opportunity to be made immune from prosecution for an alleged criminal offence in exchange for a fee. Fixed penalty notices were introduced in Britain in the 1980s to deal with minor parking offences. Originally used by police and traffic wardens, their use has extended to other public officials and authorities, as has the range of offences for which they can be used. In recent years, this has taken the form of using them to give police and public authorities in England, Scotland and Wales a realistic weapon against anti-social behaviour. They are designed to reduce paperwork on police and council officers by allowing low-level anti-social behaviour to be dealt with on the spot. Newer types of notice exist for disorder, environmental crime, truancy and noise. A fixed penalty notice is not a fine or criminal conviction because of the distinction that the recipient can opt for the matter to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preventive Detention
Preventive detention is an imprisonment that is putatively justified for non- punitive purposes, most often to prevent further criminal acts. Preventive detention sometimes involves the detention of a convicted criminal who has served their sentence but is considered too dangerous to release. Remand or pre-trial detention and involuntary commitment are sometimes considered a form of preventive detention. Specific jurisdictions Australia Australia laws authorize preventive detention in a variety of circumstances. In New South Wales, preventive detention regimes, such as Serious Crime Prevention Orders ('SCPOs'), allow the state to detain, continuously monitor, and limit particular activities of those convicted of serious sexual and violent offences. A range of state officials may apply to the NSW courts to create an SCPO consisting of conditions deemed appropriate, such as an obligation to report to a police station and prohibitions on travelling beyond a certain region. Fail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
