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Prehistoric China
The earliest human occupation of what is now China dates to the Lower Paleolithic —attested by archaeological finds such as the Yuanmou Man. The Erlitou () and Erligang cultures () inhabiting the Yellow River valley were Bronze Age civilizations predating the historical record—which first emerges at Yinxu, during the Late Shang. Paleolithic The Paleolithic period in palaeogeography refers to the stage of civilization development in which humans began to use stone tools as their main means of labor, and is the early stage of the Stone Age. This period is generally defined as from about 2.6 million or 2.5 million years ago (the first production of stone tools by archaic humans) to 12,000 years ago (the emergence of agricultural civilization). The division of this period is generally threefold: the Lower, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic, followed by the Mesolithic. Paleolithic humans usually lived together in tribes and subsisted by collecting plants and hunting wildlife ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Paleolithic
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production and use by hominins appears in the current archaeological record, until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the Oldowan ("mode 1") and Acheulean ("mode 2") lithics industries. In African archaeology, the time period roughly corresponds to the Early Stone Age, the earliest finds dating back to 3.3 million years ago, with Lomekwian stone tool technology, spanning Mode 1 stone tool technology, which begins roughly 2.6 million years ago and ends between 400,000 and 250,000 years ago, with Mode 2 technology. The Middle Paleolithic followed the Lower Paleolithic and recorded the appearance of the more advanced prepared-core tool-making technologies such as the Mousterian. Whether the earliest control of fire by hominins dates to the Lower or to the Middle Paleolithic rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ritual
A ritual is a repeated, structured sequence of actions or behaviors that alters the internal or external state of an individual, group, or environment, regardless of conscious understanding, emotional context, or symbolic meaning. Traditionally associated with gestures, words, or revered objects, rituals also occur in non-human species, such as elephant mourning or corvid object-leaving. They may be prescribed by tradition, including religious practices, and are often characterized by formalism, traditionalism, rule-governance, and performance. Rituals are a feature of all known human societies. They include not only the worship rites and sacraments of organized religions and cults, but also rites of passage, atonement and ritual purification, purification rites, oaths of allegiance, dedication ceremonies, coronations and presidential inaugurations, marriages, funerals and more. Even common actions like handshake, hand-shaking and saying "hello" may be termed as ''rituals''. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levallois Technique
The Levallois technique () is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 400,000Shipton, C. (2022). Predetermined Refinement: The Earliest Levallois of the Kapthurin Formation. *Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology*, 5, 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41982-021-00109-1 years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period. It is part of the Mousterian stone tool industry, and was used by the Neanderthals in Europe and by modern humans in other regions such as the Levant. It is named after 19th-century finds of flint tools in the Levallois-Perret suburb of Paris, France. The technique was more sophisticated than earlier methods of lithic reduction, involving the striking of lithic flakes from a prepared lithic core. A striking platform is formed at one end and then the core's edges are trimmed by flaking off pieces around the outline of the intended lithic flake. This creates a domed shape on the side of the core, known as a tortoise c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science Bulletin
''Science Bulletin'' (shortened as ''Sci. Bull.'') is a semi-monthly peer-reviewed international journal sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Published by Elsevier on behalf of Science China Magazine Press, the journal focuses on "high-caliber peer-reviewed research in a broad range of natural sciences and high-tech fields on the basis of its originality, scientific significance and whether it is of general interest." Since 2011, all of its articles have been published open access under the Creative Commons by Attribution license. References External links * English-language journals Multidisciplinary scientific journals Chinese Academy of Sciences Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Biweekly journals Academic journals established in 1956 Academic journals of China National Top 100 Publications, {{science-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanggao County
Yanggao County is a CPRC, county in the northeast of Shanxi province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the northwest and Hebei province to the east. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Datong. History Yanggao was formerly known as Gaoliu. Under the Qin dynasty, Qin and Western Han, it was part of Dai Commandery. Under the Eastern Han dynasty, Eastern Han, it served as the prefectural seat, although lost this status to Daixian (near present-day Yuzhou, Hebei, Yuzhou in Hebei) during the Three Kingdoms period.. Climate See also * Gaoliu (other), Other Gaolius References Citations Bibliography www.xzqh.org * . County-level divisions of Shanxi Datong {{Shanxi-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanxi
Shanxi; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanised as Shansi is a Provinces of China, province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi and Datong. Its one-character abbreviation is (), after the Jin (Chinese state), state of Jin that existed there during the Spring and Autumn period (). The name ''Shanxi'' means 'west of the mountains', a reference to its location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west and Inner Mongolia to the north. Shanxi's terrain is characterised by a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. Shanxi's culture is largely dominated by the ethnic Han Chinese, Han majority, who make up over 99% of its population. Jin Chinese is considered by some linguists to be a distinct language from Mandarin and its geographical range covers most of Shanxi. Both Jin and Mandarin are spoken in Shanxi. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiangfen County
Xiangfen County () is a Counties of China, county in the southwest of Shanxi, Shanxi Province, China. It was established in February 1954 from the merger of the former Xiangling County () and Fencheng County (). The county falls under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Linfen, and has an area of with 442,614 inhabitants. Taosi archeological site is in Xiangfen County. Administrative divisions Xiangfen County has jurisdiction over seven towns and six townships. These towns and townships are then further divided into 6 neighborhood committees, and 348 village committees. The county's seven towns are , , , , , , and . The county's six townships are Taosi Township, , , , , and . Climate Economy The county has vast mineral deposits, including 2.8 billion tons of proven coal reserves, 371 million tons of gypsum, and 30 million tons of iron ore. Other mined resources include Dolomite (mineral), dolomite, gold, silver, and copper. The county's heavy industries produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acheulean Culture
Acheulean (; also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with ''Homo erectus'' and derived species such as ''Homo heidelbergensis''. Acheulean tools were produced during the Lower Palaeolithic era across Africa and much of West Asia, South Asia, East Asia and Europe, and are typically found with ''Homo erectus'' remains. It is thought that Acheulean technologies first developed about 2 million years ago, derived from the more primitive Oldowan technology associated with ''Homo habilis''. The Acheulean includes at least the early part of the Middle Paleolithic. Its end is not well defined; if Sangoan (also known as Epi-Acheulean) is included, it may be taken to last until as late as 130,000 years ago. In Europe and Western Asia, early Neanderthals adopted Acheulean technology, transitioning to Mousteria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qianxi, Guizhou
Qianxi () is a county-level city of western Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of Bijie City. The county had a population of 970,700 in 2019. History The area of Qianxi has been inhabited since prehistoric times, as evidenced by stone tools found in the Guanyin cave among others. Arts and Culture Qianxi is also the home of Guizhou opera (Qianju). Administrative divisions Qianxi is divided into 5 subdistricts, 15 towns and 12 ethnic townships: Subdistricts : *Liancheng 莲城街道 *Shuixi 水西街道 *Wenfeng 文峰街道 * Dujuan 杜鹃街道 *Jinxiu 锦绣街道 Towns : *Jinbi 金碧镇 *Yuduo 雨朵镇 *Daguan 大关镇 *Guli 谷里镇 *Supu 素朴镇 *Zhongping 中坪镇 *Chongxin 重新镇 *Linquan 林泉镇 *Jinlan 金兰镇 *Jinxing 锦星镇 *Gantang 甘棠镇 *Hongshui 洪水镇 *Zhongshan 钟山镇 *Xiehe 协和镇 *Guanyindong 观音洞镇 Ethnic Townships : *Wuli Bouyei and Miao Ethnic Township 五里布依族苗族乡 *Lühua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
