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Preclassic Period In Belize
The Preclassic or Formative Period of Belizean, Mayan, and Mesoamerican history began with the Mayan development of ceramics during 2000 BC900 BC, and ended with the advent of Mayan monumental inscriptions in 250 AD. Geography During the pre-Columbian era, Belize formed part of Mesoamerica. Traditionally, the first-order subdivisions of the latter follow cultural or political boundaries of Preclassic, Classic, or Postclassic civilisations, eg Mayans and Aztecs. The ''Mayan region'' of Mesoamerica is one such. It, in turn, is further subdivided physiographically into at least three regions, ie the ''Mayan Lowlands'', ''Highlands'', and ''Pacific''. The first of these second-order subdivisions, which fully encompassed Belize, is still further subdivided into northern, central, and southern portions, called the ''Northern'', ''Central'', and ''Southern Lowlands''. Belizean territory north of Indian Creek ie Nim Li Punit is often included within the Central Lowlands, fully ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preceramic Period In Belize
The Preceramic Period of history of Belize, Belizean and history of Mesoamerica, Mesoamerican history began with the arrival of the first Palaeoindian, Palaeoindians during 20000 BC11000 BC, and ended with the Maya civilization, Mayan development of ceramics during 2000 BC900 BC. Geography During the pre-Columbian era, Belize formed Geography of Mesoamerica, part of Mesoamerica. Traditionally, the first-order subdivisions of the latter follow cultural or political boundaries of Preclassic, Classic, or Postclassic civilisations, eg Maya civilisation, Mayans and Aztec civilisation, Aztecs. The Mayan region of Mesoamerica is one such. It, in turn, is further subdivided physiographically into at least three regions, ie the Lowlands, the Highlands, and the Pacific. Belize lay within the first of these regions, usually termed the Mayan Lowlands. Climate During the Younger Dryas stage, as the Pleistocene progressed to the Holocene epoch, Belize's climate became increasingly warmer a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nim Li Punit
Nim Li Punit () is a Maya Classic Period site in the Toledo District of the nation of Belize, located 50 kilometres north of the town of Punta Gorda, and directly adjacent to the village of Indian Creek. Nim Li Punit is sometimes known as Big Hat or Top Hat; the name is Kekchi Maya for "Big Hat", referring to the large elaborate head-dress on a stela sculpture found on site depicting one of the site's ancient kings. It is bordered by the Maya Mountains to the west and lowland swamps and the Caribbean Sea to the east. Nim Li Punit is a medium-sized site from the Maya Classic Period, flourishing from the 5th century AD through the 8th century AD. It consists of structures around three plazas, including several step- pyramids, the tallest being 11 meters high. It was populated in the Mayan Classic Period and reached a maximum population of around 7000 residents, but was rapidly abandoned when the Mayan civilization began to decline. There was extensive trade throughout the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolupan
The Tolupan or Jicaque people are an indigenous ethnic group of Honduras, primarily inhabiting the northwest coast of Honduras"Jicaque." ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011) and the community in central Honduras. Culture The Jicaque or Tolupan are an people, who raise beans, , and sweet and bitter . They also fish, hunt, and raise livestock. They are |
Lenca
The Lenca or Lepawiran "people of the jaguar" are from present day southwest Honduras and eastern El Salvador in Central America. They once spoke many Dialects such as Chilanga, Putun, Kotik etc. Although there were different dialects, they understood and coexisted with each other. These dialects are now nearly extinct. In Honduras, the Lenca are the largest tribal group, with an estimated population of more than 450,000. The pre-Conquest Lenca had frequent contact with various Mayan groups as well as other sovereign tribal people of the territory of present-day Mexico and Central America. The origin of Lenca populations has been a source of ongoing debate among anthropologists and historians. Research has been directed to gaining archaeological evidence of the pre-colonial History Pre-European era Since pre-European times the Lencas occupied various areas of what is now known as Honduras and El Salvador. The Salvadoran archaeological site of Quelepa (which was inhabited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xinca People
The Xinka, or Xinca, are a non-Mayan indigenous people of Mesoamerica, with communities in the southern portion of Guatemala, near its border with El Salvador, and in the mountainous region to the north. Their languages (the Xincan languages) are not known to be related to any other language family,Coe 1999, p.38. although they have many loan words from Mayan languages. The Xinka may have been among the earliest inhabitants of southeastern Guatemala, predating the arrival of the Maya and the Pipil. Population In the 2018 National Census, a total of 264,167 individuals identified themselves as Xinka, representing 1.8% of the national population.https://www.censopoblacion.gt/dondeestamos After a revivalist movement led by the two main Xinka political organizations in Guatemala, self identified Xincas increased from 16,214 individuals in 2002 to 264,167 in 2018. History Before the arrival of the Spanish in the early 16th century, the eastern portion of the Guatemalan Pacific pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yucatec Maya Language
Yucatec Maya (; referred to by its speakers simply as Maya or as , is one of the 32 Mayan languages of the Mayan language family. Yucatec Maya is spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Belize. There is also a significant diasporic community of Yucatec Maya speakers in San Francisco, though most Mayan Americans are speakers of other Mayan languages from Guatemala and Chiapas. Etymology According to the Hocabá dictionary, compiled by American anthropologist Victoria Bricker, there is a variant name , literally "flat speech"). A popular, yet false, alternative etymology of Mayab is "ma ya'ab" or "not many," "the few" which derives from New Age spiritualist interpretations of the Maya. The use of "Mayab" as the name of the language seems to be unique to the town of Hocabá, as indicated by the Hocabá dictionary and is not employed elsewhere in the region or in Mexico, by either Spanish or Maya speakers. As used in Hocabá, "Mayab" is not the recognized name of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quiché Department
Quiché () is a department of Guatemala. It is in the heartland of the K'iche' (Quiché) people, to the north-west of Guatemala City. The capital is Santa Cruz del Quiché. The word K'iche comes from the language of the same name, which means "many trees". Population Quiché has historically been one of the most populous departments of Guatemala. At the 2018 census it had a population of 949,261. Mayans account for 88.6% of the department's population. K'iche' people are the largest Mayan ethnic group in the department, and account for 65.1% of the total population. The department is named after them. While most of its indigenous population speaks the K'iche' (Quiché) language, other Mayan languages spoken in the department are Ixil (Nebaj - Chajul - Cotzal area), Uspantek (Uspantán area), Sakapultek ( Sacapulas area), as well as Poqomchi' and Q'eqchi' in the northeast, bordering the Alta Verapaz department. Geography The topographical composition of Quiché is dom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huehuetenango Department
Huehuetenango is one of the 22 departments of Guatemala. It is situated in the western highlands and shares borders with the Mexican state of Chiapas in the north and west; with El Quiché in the east, with Totonicapán, Quetzaltenango and San Marcos to the south. The capital is the city of Huehuetenango.ITMB 2005. Huehuetenango's ethnic composition is one of the most diverse in Guatemala. While the Mam are predominant in the department, other Maya groups are the Q'anjob'al, Chuj, Jakaltek, Tektik, Awakatek, Chalchitek, Akatek and K'iche'. Each of these nine Maya ethnic groups speaks its own language. Name The department of Huehuetenango takes its name from the city of the same name which serves as the departmental capital. The name is derived from the Nahuatl language of central Mexico, given by the indigenous allies of the Spanish conquistadors during the Spanish Conquest of Guatemala. It is usually said to mean "place of the elders" but may be a corruption of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra De Los Cuchumatanes
The Sierra de los Cuchumatanes is the highest non-volcanic mountain range in Central America. Its elevations range from to over , and it covers a total area of .Lovell 2005:11 With an area of situated above , it is also the most extensive highland region in Central America. The Sierra de los Cuchumatanes is located in western Guatemala in the departments of Huehuetenango and El Quiché. Its western and south-western borders are marked by the Seleguá River, which separates it from the Sierra Madre volcanic chain. Its southern border is defined by the Río Negro, which flows into the Chixoy River, which turns northwards and separates the Cuchumatanes from the mountains in the Alta Verapaz region. The highest peaks, which reach up to , are located in the department of Huehuetenango. Etymology The name "Cuchumatán" is derived from the Mam words ''cuchuj'' (to join or unite) and ''matán'' (with superior force) and means "that which was brought together by superior force" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Pedro Soloma
San Pedro Soloma (also known as in Qʼanjobʼal) is a town and municipality of Huehuetenango, a department of Guatemala. It is located in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes at 2,300 m above sea level. The municipality covers a total area of 264 km2 with elevations ranging from 1,900 m to 3,500 m. Its population of 49,030 is spread over the town of Soloma, 19 villages and 50 smaller rural communities (''caserios''). The annual celebrations in honor of the town's patron Saint Peter take place from June 24 to 30. Its mayan name is Tzu'luma. History Mercedarian doctrine After the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in the 1520s, the "Presentación de Guatemala" Mercedarian province was formed in 1565; originally, the order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy had gotten from bishop Francisco Marroquín several doctrines in the Sacatepéquez and Chimaltenango valleys, close to the capital Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, but they traded those with the Order of Preachers fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Mayan
Proto-Mayan is the hypothetical common ancestor of the 30 living Mayan languages, as well as the Classic Maya language documented in the Maya inscriptions. While there has been some controversy with Mayan subgrouping, there has been a general agreement that the following are the main five subgroups of the family: Huastecan, Yucatecan, Cholan-Tzeltalan, Kanjobalan-Chujean, and Quichean-Mamean. Phonology The Proto-Mayan language is reconstructed (Campbell and Kaufman 1985) as having the following sounds: Five vowels: ''a'', ''e'', ''i'', ''o'' and ''u''. Each of these occurring as short and long: ''aa'', ''ee'', ''ii'', ''oo'' and ''uu'', Sound rules The following set of sound changes from proto-Mayan to the modern languages are used as the basis of the classification of the Mayan languages. Each sound change may be shared by a number of languages; a grey background indicates no change. Developments The palatalized plosives and are not carried down into any of the moder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
