|
Praziquantel
Praziquantel, sold under the brandname Biltricide among others, is a medication used to treat a number of types of parasitic worm infections in mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. In humans specifically, it is used to treat schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, tapeworm infections, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsiasis, and fasciolosis. It should not be used for worm infections of the eye. It is taken by mouth. Side effects in humans may include poor coordination, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and allergic reactions. While it may be used during pregnancy, it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. Praziquantel is in the anthelmintic class of medications. It works partly by affecting the function of the worm's sucker. Praziquantel was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982, and in the European Union in April 2025. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever is a neglected tropical helminthiasis, disease caused by parasitism, parasitic Schistosoma, flatworms called schistosomes. It affects both humans and animals. It affects the urinary tract or the intestines. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in stool, bloody stool, or hematuria, blood in the urine. Those who have been Infection, infected for a long time may experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer. In children, schistosomiasis may cause failure to thrive, poor growth and learning disability, learning difficulties. Schistosomiasis is spread by contact with fresh water contaminated with parasites. These parasites are released from infected freshwater snails. The disease is especially common among children in Developing country, underdeveloped and developing countries because they are more likely to play in contaminated water. Schistosomiasis is also common among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the young form of the pork tapeworm. People may have few or no symptoms for years. In some cases, particularly in Asia, solid lumps of between one and two centimeters may develop under the skin. After months or years, these lumps can become painful and swollen and then resolve. A specific form called neurocysticercosis, which affects the brain, can cause neurological symptoms. In developing countries, this is one of the most common causes of seizures. Cysticercosis is usually acquired by eating food or drinking water contaminated by tapeworms' eggs from human feces. Among foods egg-contaminated vegetables are a major source. The tapeworm eggs are present in the feces of a person infected with the adult worms, a condition known as taeniasis. Taeniasis, in the strict sense, is a different disease and is due to eating cysts in poorly cooked pork. People who live with someone with pork tapeworm have a greater risk of getting cysticerco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenolepis Nana
Dwarf tapeworm (''Hymenolepis nana'', also known as ''Rodentolepis nana'', ''Vampirolepis nana'', ''Hymenolepis fraterna'', and ''Taenia nana'') is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes (a type of intestinal worm or helminth) infecting humans, especially children. Morphology As its name implies ( – dwarf), it is a small species, seldom exceeding 40 mm long and 1 mm wide. The scolex bears a retractable rostellum armed with a single circle of 20 to 30 hooks. The scolex also has four suckers, or a tetrad. The neck is long and slender, and the segments are wider than long. Genital pores are unilateral, and each mature segment contains three testes. After apolysis, gravid segments disintegrate, releasing eggs, which measure 30 to 47 μm in diameter. The oncosphere is covered with a thin, hyaline, outer membrane and an inner, thick membrane with polar thickenings that bear several filaments. The heavy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albendazole
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rare but potentially serious side effects include bone marrow suppression which usually improves on discontinuing the medication. Hepatitis, Liver inflammation has been reported and those with prior liver problems are at greater risk. It is pregnancy category D in Australia, meaning it may cause harm if taken by pregnant women. Albendazole was developed in 1975. It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Albendazole is available in a fixed-dose combination with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease caused by certain species of genus '' Opisthorchis'' (specifically, '' Opisthorchis viverrini'' and '' Opisthorchis felineus''). Chronic infection may lead to cholangiocarcinoma, a cancer of the bile ducts. Medical care and loss of wages caused by ''Opisthorchis viverrini'' in Laos and in Thailand costs about $120 million annually.Muller R. & Wakelin D. (2002). ''Worms and human disease''. CABIpage 4344. In Asia, infection by ''Opisthorchis viverrini'' and other liver flukes affects the poorest people. Along with other foodborne trematode infections such as clonorchiasis, fascioliasis and paragonimiasis, opisthorchiasis is listed among the World Health Organization's list of neglected tropical diseases.. Signs and symptoms Symptoms of opisthorchiasis are indistinguishable from clonorchiasis. About 80% of infected people have no symptoms, though they can have eosinophilia. Asymptomatic infection can occur when there are less than 1000 eggs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taenia Solium
''Taenia solium'', the pork tapeworm, belongs to the cyclophyllid cestode family Taeniidae. It is found throughout the world and is most common in countries where pork is eaten. It is a tapeworm that uses humans (''Homo sapiens'') as its definitive host and pigs and boars (family Suidae) as the Host (biology)#Types of hosts, intermediate or secondary hosts. It is transmitted to pigs through human feces that contain the parasite eggs and contaminate their fodder. Pigs ingest the morula, eggs, which develop into larvae, then into oncospheres, and ultimately into infective tapeworm cysts, called cysticerci. Humans acquire the cysts through consumption of uncooked or under-cooked pork and the cysts grow into adult worms in the small intestine. There are two forms of human infection. One is "primary hosting", called taeniasis, and is due to eating under-cooked pork that contains the cysts, resulting in adult worms in the intestines. This form generally is asymptomatic, without symptom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenolepis Diminuta
''Hymenolepis diminuta'', also known as rat tapeworm, is a species of '' Hymenolepis'' tapeworm that causes hymenolepiasis. It has slightly bigger eggs and proglottids than '' H. nana'' and infects mammals using insects as intermediate hosts. The adult structure is 20 to 60 cm long and the mature proglottid is similar to that of ''H. nana'', except it is larger. ''Hymenolepis diminuta'' is prevalent worldwide, but only a few hundred human cases have been reported. Few cases have ever been reported in Australia, United States, Spain, and Italy. In countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Jamaica, Indonesia, the prevalence is higher.Tena D, Pιrez Simón M, Gimeno C, Pιrez Pomata MT, Illescas S, Amondarain I, et al. Human infection with Hymenolepis diminuta : Case report from Spain. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:2375-6.Marangi M, Zechini B, Fileti A, Quaranta G, Aceti A. Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a child living in the urban area of Rome, Italy. J Clin Microbiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenolepiasis
Hymenolepiasis is infestation by one of two species of tapeworm: '' Hymenolepis nana'' or '' H. diminuta''. Alternative names are dwarf tapeworm infection and rat tapeworm infection. The disease is a type of helminthiasis which is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Symptoms and signs Hymenolepiasis does not always have symptoms, but they usually are described as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, itching around the anus, irritability, and diarrhea. However, in one study of 25 patients conducted in Peru, successful treatment of the infection made no significant difference to symptoms. Some authorities report that heavily infected cases are more likely to be symptomatic. Symptoms in humans are due to allergic responses or systematic toxaemia caused by waste products of the tapeworm. Light infections are usually symptomless, whereas infection with more than 2000 worms can cause enteritis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, restlessness, irritability, restless sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurocysticercosis
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a Parasitic disease, parasitic infection of the central nervous system, nervous system caused by the larvae of the tapeworm ''Taenia solium,'' also known as the "pork tapeworm". The disease is primarily transmitted through direct contact with human feces, often through the consumption of food or water containing ''Taenia solium'' eggs. These eggs hatch in the small intestine and penetrate the Gastrointestinal wall, intestinal wall. The larvae can travel to the brain, Muscle, muscles, Eye, eyes, and skin. Neurocysticercosis, caused by ''Taenia solium'' larvae, differs from taeniasis, which results from adult tapeworm infection. Neurocysticercosis manifests with various signs and symptoms, influenced by the location, number of lesions, and immune response. While some people may have asymptomatic, no symptoms, others may experience seizures, intracranial hypertension, increased pressure in the skull, cognitive impairment, or specific neurological proble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals, particularly small ruminants such as goats and sheep. Anthelmintic medication is also used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries. Anthelmintics are also used for mass deworming of livestock. The drugs of choice for soil-transmitted helminths are mebendazole and albendazole; for schistosomiasis and tapeworms it is praziquantel. Types Many early treatments were herbal, such as the oil of herbs of the genus '' Chenopodium'' that were given as anthelmintic treatment for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taeniasis
Taeniasis is an infection within the intestines by adult tapeworms belonging to the genus '' Taenia''. There are generally no or only mild symptoms. Symptoms may occasionally include weight loss or abdominal pain. Segments of tapeworm may be seen in the stool. Complications of pork tapeworm may include cysticercosis. Types of ''Taenia'' that cause infections in humans include '' Taenia solium'' (pork tapeworm), '' Taenia saginata'' (beef tapeworm), and '' Taenia asiatica'' (Asian tapeworm). ''Taenia saginata'' is due to eating contaminated undercooked beef while ''Taenia solium'' and ''Taenia asiatica'' is from contaminated undercooked pork. Diagnosis is by examination of stool samples. Prevention is by properly cooking meat. Treatment is generally with praziquantel, though niclosamide may also be used. Together with cysticercosis, infections affect about 50 million people globally. The disease is most common in the developing world. In the United States fewer than 1,0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
