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Pramodhawardhani
Pramodhawardhani (also known as Çrī Kahulunnan or Çrī Sanjiwana) was the queen consort of King Rakai Pikatan (r. 838-850) of Mataram Kingdom in 9th century Central Java. She was the daughter of Sailendran king Samaratungga (r. 812—833). Her royal marriage to Pikatan, the prince of the Sanjaya dynasty, was believed as the political reconciliation between Buddhist Sailendra and with Hindu Sanjaya dynasties. She was credited for the inauguration of Borobudur and the construction of several Buddhist temples in Prambanan Plain; among others the small pervara temples in Sewu compound, Plaosan, and Sajiwan Buddhist temples. Her name was mentioned in several inscriptions, such as the Karangtengah inscription, Tri Tepusan inscription, and Rukam inscription. Tri Tepusan inscription dated 842 mentioned about the ''sima'' (tax-free) lands awarded by Çrī Kahulunnan to ensure the funding and maintenance of a ''Kamūlān'' called ''Bhūmisambhāra'' (Borobudur), while the Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakai Pikatan
Salaḍū, Lord of Pikatan (reigned 847–855) was a king of the Mataram Kingdom in Central Java who built the Prambanan temple, dedicated to Shiva. He is commonly referred to as ''Rakai Pikatan'', which is a title meaning "Lord of Pikatan". His personal name was ''dyah'' Salaḍū, where ''dyah'' is a personal article indicating noble status. Salaḍū was a Shivaite Hindu. According to thWanua Tengah IIIinscription, Salaḍū was responsible for dissolving a benefice (''sīma'') that had previously been dedicated to a Buddhist monastery in Pikatan. He is recorded in the Shivagrha inscription as having married a daughter of another religion. This is most likely Pramodhawardhani, the Mahayana Buddhist daughter of Samaratungga, a previous king of Java belonging to the Shailendra dynasty. The circumstances of Salaḍū's reign are highly conjectural, due to the limited amount of primary source material available. George Coedès hypothesised that Salaḍū fought his brother-in- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sailendra
The Shailendra dynasty (, derived from Sanskrit combined words ''Śaila'' and ''Indra'', meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised dynasty that emerged in 8th-century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region. The Shailendras were active promoters of Mahayana Buddhism and covered the Kedu Plain of Central Java with Buddhist monuments, one of which is the colossal stupa of Borobudur, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Shailendras are considered to have been a thalassocracy and ruled vast swathes of maritime Southeast Asia; however, they also relied on agricultural pursuits, by way of intensive rice cultivation on the Kedu Plain of Central Java. The dynasty appeared to be the ruling family of the Mataram Kingdom of Central Java, and for some period, the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra. The inscriptions created by Shailendras use three languages; Old Javanese, Old Malay, and Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samaratungga
Samaratungga was the head of the Sailendra dynasty which ruled the Mataram Kingdom and Srivijaya in the 8th and 9th centuries. He was the successor of King Indra, and his name was mentioned in the Karangtengah inscription dated 824 CE as the constructor of a sacred Buddhist building called ''Venuvana'' (Sanskrit: bamboo forest) to place the cremated ashes of his predecessor King Indra of Sailendra. During his administration, he initiated the construction of a massive Buddhist monument Borobudur. Samaratungga married Dewi Tara, the princess of Srivijayan ruler Dharmasetu, which created a close political alliance between the Sailendras and Srivijaya. Samaratungga had one son by the name of Balaputra and one daughter Pramodhawardhani. After Samaratungga died, Pramodhawardhani married the Shivaite Rakai Pikatan from the Sanjaya dynasty. Rakai Pikatan managed to usurp Balaputra's authority over Central Java and forced the Saleidras to flee Java for Srivijaya. Under the reign o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borobudur
Borobudur, also transcribed Barabudur (, ), is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, near the city of Magelang and the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia. Constructed of gray andesite-like stone, the temple consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome. It is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and originally 504 Buddhist art, Buddha statues. The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa. The monument guides pilgrims through an extensive system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the walls and the balustrades. Borobudur has one of the world's most extensive collections of Buddhist reliefs. Built during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, the temple design follows Javanese temple architecture, Javanese Buddhist architecture, which blends the Architecture of Indonesia, Indonesian indigenous tradition of ancestor worship and the Budd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loro Jonggrang (legend)
The Legend of Roro Jonggrang () is a Javanese popular legend ( folktales) from Central Java telling the story of love and betrayal, the warrior and the cursed princess. It also explains the mythical origin of Ratu Boko () palace, Sewu temple, and the Durga statue in Prambanan temple compound. The title ''Roro'' (pronounced /rɔrɔ/ in Javanese) is an ancient honorific title to address unmarried princesses and female nobility, thus, the name ''Rara Jonggrang'' in Javanese means 'slender maiden'. Summary The legend tells the story of two ancient and neighbouring kingdoms in Java, Pengging, and Boko. Pengging was prosperous and wisely ruled by its king Prabu Damar Moyo (), who had a son named Bandung Bondowoso. By contrast, Boko was ruled by a cruel man-eating giant named Prabu Boko, supported by another giant Patih Gupolo (). Despite his unpleasant nature, Prabu Boko had a beautiful daughter named Roro Jonggrang. The story relates that Prabu Boko desired to expand his kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjaya Dynasty
The Sanjaya dynasty () was a Javanese people, Javanese dynasty which ruled the Mataram Kingdom in Java during the first millennium CE. The dynasty promoted Hinduism on the island. Origin According to the Canggal inscription, the dynasty was founded in 732 by Sanjaya of Mataram. The inscription was discovered in the village of Canggal, southwest of Magelang. This inscription was written in the Pallava script and describes the erection of a linga (a symbol of Shiva) on the hill in the Kunjarakunja area. According to the inscription, the area is on an island known as Yawadwipa (Java) which contained much rice and gold. Yawadwipa was ruled by King Sanna, whose long reign was characterized by wisdom and virtue. After Sanna died, the kingdom fell into chaos and confusion. At this time, Sanjaya of Mataram ascended to the throne. He was the son of Sannaha, Sanna's sister. Sanjaya mastered the scriptures and the martial arts and military arts. He conquered neighboring areas, and his wise r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sajiwan
Sojiwan ( Javanese orthography: Såjiwan, or sometimes spelled Sajiwan) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple located in Kebon Dalem Kidul village, Prambanan, Klaten Regency, Central Java. The temple is located nearly two kilometres southeast of Prambanan temple. This temple is among number of temples scattered in Prambanan Plain. History The Rukam inscription dated 829 Saka (907 CE) currently stored in the National Museum of Indonesia mentioned the inauguration of Rukam village restoration by Nini Haji Rakryan Sanjiwana, previously the village was being devastated by a volcanic eruption. In return, the inhabitant of Rukam village was obliged to take care of a sacred building located in Limwung. This sacred building was identified as Sojiwan temple, while the name of the royal patron mentioned in this inscription: Nini Haji Rakryan Sanjiwana, was identified as Queen Pramodhawardhani, the temple bears her name Sajiwan and believed to be dedicated to her. The temple was bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plaosan
Candi Plaosan, also known as the Plaosan Complex, is one of the Buddhist temples located in Bugisan village, Prambanan district, Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, about to the northeast of the renowned Hindu Prambanan Temple. Candi Plaosan covers an area of with an elevation of above sea level. The Dengok River is located nearby, about away. Candi Plaosan is surrounded by paddy fields along with vegetation such as bananas and corn. Historical background Plaosan temple was built in the mid-9th century by Sri Kahulunnan or Pramodhawardhani, the daughter of Samaratungga, a descendant of the Sailendra Dynasty, and who was married to Rakai Pikatan in the Hindu tradition. The Plaosan complex currently comprises two Buddhist temples, ''Plaosan Lor'' and ''Plaosan Kidul''. The inscriptions and images of Plaosan Lor and Kalasan have raised questions about the origins of the complex and the relationships between the images found and the religious complexity of the area whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sewu
Sewu (, ) is an eighth-century Mahayana Buddhist or Hindu located 800 metres north of Prambanan in Central Java, Indonesia. The word for a Hindu or Buddist temple in Javanese is "candi" (), hence, the common name is "Candi Sewu". Candi Sewu is the second largest Buddhist temple complex in Indonesia; Borobudur is the largest. Sewu predates is located near the " Loro Jonggrang" temple at Prambanan. Although the complex consists of 249 temples, this Javanese name translates to 'a thousand temples,' which originated from popular local folklore ( The Legend of Loro Jonggrang). Archaeologists believe the original name for the temple compound to be Manjusrigrha. History Construction According to the Kelurak inscription (dated from 782 CE) and the Manjusrigrha inscription (dated from 792 CE), which were discovered in 1960, the original name of the temple complex was probably "Manjusri grha" (The House of Manjusri). Manjusri is a Bodhisattva from Mahayana Buddhist teachings that sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prambanan Plain
Kewu Plain, also known as Prambanan Plain or Opak River Valley, is a fertile volcanic plain that lies between the Merapi-Merbabu complex in the north, the Bantul lowlands and Sewu karst limestone range in the south, Bengawan Solo river valley in the east, the Progo River in the west, and Kedu Plain on the northwest. It is located within the Yogyakarta Special Region, Sleman Regency, Klaten Regency, and Solo City (Central Java), Indonesia. Historically the area was identified as Mamratipura. The region was the center of both the Mataram kingdom in the 8th to 10th centuries, and later the Mataram Sultanate in the 16th century. It has been an important location in Central Javanese history and culture for over a millennium since it contains many ancient archaeological remnants of historic significance. If each temple structure was counted separately, the 9th century Central Java period could be said to have produced thousands of temples, scattered from Dieng Plateau, Kedu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karangtengah Inscription
Karangtengah inscription (also known as Kayumwungan inscription) is the inscription written on five pieces of stones dated 746 Saka or 824 CE, discovered in Karangtengah hamlet, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The inscription was written in ancient Javanese script in two languages; Old Javanese and Sanskrit. Lines 1-24 were written in Sanskrit, and the rest of the lines were written in old Javanese. The inscription is linked with the temples Borobudur and Mendut. Contents The parts written in Sanskrit mentioned a king named Samaratungga. His daughter Pramodhawardhani inaugurated a ''Jinalaya'' (Sanskrit meaning: Jain temple and the realm of those who have conquered worldly desire and reached enlightenment called jina which is also a common epithet of the Buddha which is most likely the intended meaning here ), a sacred Jina sanctuary. The inscription also mentioned a sacred Buddhist building called ''Venuvana'' (Sankirt: bamboo forest) to place the cremated ashes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
