|
Praetorium Agrippinae
Praetorium Agrippinae was a Roman settlement in the province of Lower Germania, in the area of the Cananefates, located in modern-day Valkenburg, Netherlands. It was an army encampment (Lat.: ''castellum'') on the Old Rhine (at the time the major branch of the river Rhine), on the northern border of the Roman Empire, the limes. Praetorium Agrippinae is mentioned on the Tabula Peutingeriana between the ''castella'' of Matilo in the east and Lugdunum Batavorum to the west. History Castellum A ''praetorium'' is a military headquarters, and Praetorium Agrippinae takes its name from the mother of the emperor Caligula, Vipsania Agrippina, who died in 33 AD. It is almost certain that Caligula stayed in the area in 39 or 40 AD, since a wine barrel from his personal vineyards was found during excavations at Valkenburg. Most probably, he visited the area in preparation for a never executed invasion of Britannia, and the castellum may have been erected for this operation. However, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wim Van Es
Willem Albertus "Wim" van Es (born 1934) is a Dutch archaeologist. Between 1965 and 1988, he was director of the Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek. Life Van Es was born in 1934 in Groningen. He studied classical archaeology and prehistory at the University of Groningen. From 1956 to 1965, he worked at the Biological-Archaeological Institute at the same university. From 1957 to 1958, he was also acting curator at the Drents Museum. From 1962 to 1965, he was curator at the Groninger Museum. He obtained his PhD at the University of Groningen in 1967 with a dissertation titled: "Wijster, a native village beyond the imperial frontier 150-425 AD." He was named part-time professor (Dutch: ''buitengewoon hoogleraar'') of prehistory and protohistory of Northwestern Europe at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 1968. Van Es became director of the Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek (ROB) in 1965 and remained in charge until 1988. When van Es took over as dir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Egges Van Giffen
Albert Egges van Giffen (14 March 1884 – 31 May 1973) was a Dutch archaeologist. Van Giffen worked at the University of Groningen and University of Amsterdam, where he was a professor of Prehistory and Germanic archaeology. He worked most of his career in the Northern provinces of the Netherlands, where he specialized in hunebeds and tumuli. Career Van Giffen was born on 14 March 1884 in Noordhorn to Jan van Giffen, a predikant, and Hendrika Post. He attended the gymnasium in Zutphen and Sneek. Van Giffen studied zoology and biology at the University of Groningen between 1904 and 1910. He obtained his doctorate there in 1913 with a German-language thesis titled: "Die Fauna der Wurten" under supervision of J.F. van Bemmelen. Van Giffen was employed as curator at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden from 1912 to 1917. He then moved back to Groningen to work at the zoological laboratory. Van Giffen was employed by the University of Groningen as lector Prehistory and Germanic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valkenburg - N206 - Romeinse Weg
Valkenburg means ''falcon castle'' in Dutch and can refer to: * Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town and municipality in the province of Limburg ** Valkenburg Castle, ruined castle near Valkenburg aan de Geul * Valkenburg, South Holland, a village in the municipality of Katwijk in the province of South Holland * Valkenburg Naval Air Base Valkenburg Naval Air Base (Dutch: Vliegkamp Valkenburg) is a former air base located just south of Valkenburg, which is part of Katwijk and close to the city of Leiden, that was used by the Netherlands Naval Aviation Service until 2006, being th ..., a former Royal Netherlands Navy air base * Valkenburg (surname), a Dutch surname {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Roads
Roman roads ( ; singular: ; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. They provided efficient means for the overland movement of Military history of ancient Rome, armies, officials, civilians, inland carriage of official communications, and Roman commerce, trade goods. Roman roads were of several kinds, ranging from small local roads to broad, long-distance highways built to connect cities, major towns and military bases. These major roads were often stone-paved and metaled, cambered for drainage, and were flanked by footpaths, Bridle path, bridleways and drainage ditches. They were laid along accurately surveyed courses, and some were cut through hills or conducted over rivers and ravines on bridgework. Sections could be supported over marshy ground on rafted or piled foundations.Corbishley, Mike: "The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicus
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term (plural ) designated a village within a rural area () or the neighbourhood of a larger settlement. During the Republican era, the four of the city of Rome were subdivided into . In the 1st century BC, Augustus reorganized the city for administrative purposes into 14 regions, comprising 265 . Each had its own board of officials who oversaw local matters. These administrative divisions are recorded as still in effect at least until the mid-4th century. The word "" was also applied to the smallest administrative unit of a provincial town within the Roman Empire, referring to an ''ad hoc'' provincial civilian settlement that sprang up close to and because of a nearby military fort or state-owned mining operation. Local government in Rome Each ''vicus'' elected four local magistrates ('' vicomagistri'') who commanded a sort of local police force chosen from among the people of the ''vicus'' by lot. Occasionally the officers of the ''vicomagist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantius I Chlorus
Flavius Valerius Constantius ( – 25 July 306), also called Constantius I, was a Roman emperor from 305 to 306. He was one of the four original members of the Tetrarchy established by Diocletian, first serving as ''caesar'' from 293 to 305 and then ruling as ''augustus'' until his death. Constantius was also father of Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor of Rome. The nickname "Chlorus" () was first popularized by Byzantine-era historians and not used during the emperor's lifetime. As an Illyrian soldier of humble origin, Constantius had a distinguished military career and rose to the top ranks of the army. Around 289, he set aside Helena, Constantine's mother, to marry a daughter of Emperor Maximian, and in 293 was added to the imperial college by Maximian's colleague Diocletian. Assigned to rule Gaul, Constantius defeated the usurper Carausius there and his successor Allectus in Britain, and campaigned extensively along the Rhine frontier, defeating the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolt Of The Batavi
The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior ("Lower Germania") between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes. Under the leadership of their hereditary prince Gaius Julius Civilis, an auxiliary officer in the Imperial Roman army, the Batavi and their allies managed to inflict a series of humiliating defeats on the Roman army, including the destruction of two legions. After these initial successes, a massive Roman army led by the Roman general Quintus Petillius Cerialis eventually defeated the rebels. Following peace talks, the Batavi submitted again to Roman rule, but were forced to accept humiliating terms and a legion stationed permanently on their territory, at Noviomagus (modern day Nijmegen, The Nether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Auxiliary Regiments
This article lists , non-legionary auxiliary regiments of the imperial Roman army, attested in the epigraphic record, by Roman province of deployment during the reign of emperor Hadrian ( AD 117–138). The index of regimental names explains the origin of the names, most of which are based on the names of the subject tribes or cities of the empire where they were originally recruited. (As time went by, they became staffed by recruits from anywhere, especially from the province where they were deployed.) Types of regiment During most of the Principate era, until AD 212, auxiliary regiments, called ' by the Romans, were formations kept separate from the Roman legion, legions, who were recruited from Roman citizens only. ' were mostly recruited from the ''Peregrinus (Roman), peregrini'', the vast majority of subjects in the Roman Empire who did not hold Roman citizenship. (in AD 212, all the inhabitants of the empire were granted Roman citizenship). There were three basic t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turma
A ''turma'' (; plural ''turmae''; ) was a cavalry unit in the Roman army of the Republic and Empire. In the Byzantine Empire, it became applied to the larger, regiment-sized military-administrative divisions of a '' thema''. The word is often translated as " squadron" but so is the term '' ala'', a unit that was made up of several ''turmae''. Roman army Republic In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the time of the Punic Wars and Rome's expansion into Spain and Greece, the core of the Roman army was formed by citizens, augmented by contingents from Rome's allies (''socii''). The organization of the Roman legion of the period is described by the Greek historian Polybius (cf. the so-called " Polybian army"), who writes that each 4,200-strong infantry legion was accompanied by 300 citizen cavalry (''equites''). This contingent was divided into ten ''turmae''.. According to Polybius, the squadron members would elect as their officers three '' decuriones'' ("leaders of 10 men"), of whom the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legionaries
The ancient Rome, Roman legionary (in Latin ''legionarius''; : ''legionarii'') was a citizen soldier of the Roman army. These soldiers would conquer and defend the territories of ancient Rome during the Crisis of the Roman Republic, Republic and Principate eras, alongside auxiliary and Roman cavalry, cavalry detachments. At its height, Roman Legionnaires were viewed as the foremost fighting force in the Roman world, with commentators such as Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, Vegetius praising their fighting effectiveness centuries after the classical Roman legionary disappeared. Roman legionnaires were recruited from Roman citizens under age 45. They were first predominantly made up of recruits from Roman Italy, but more were recruited from the provinces as time went on. As legionnaires moved into newly conquered provinces, they helped Romanization (cultural), Romanize the native population and helped integrate the disparate regions of the Roman Empire into one polity. They enlist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centuriae
''Centuria'' (; : ''centuriae'') is a Latin term (from the stem ''centum'' meaning one hundred) denoting military units originally consisting of 100 men. The size of the centuria changed over time, and from the first century BC through most of the imperial era the standard size of a centuria was 100 men. By the time of the Roman Empire, ordo became a synonym of centuria (in 4 BC it was used for a maniple). Ten contuberniums formed a century, composed of 80 legionaries. Commanding this unit was the ''centurion'', a veteran expert in combat analogous to an non-commissioned officer. His role was not only that of a leader, but also that of an instructor and responsible for discipline within his unit. The centurion was assisted by the ''optio'', his second-in-command and other officers such as the ''tesserarius'', in charge of security, the ''signifer'', who carried the banner, and the ''cornicen'', who transmitted orders by trumpet. Roman use Political In the political context t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
