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Power Sequencing
A power management integrated circuit (PMIC) is an integrated circuit for power management. Although it is a wide range of chip types, most include several DC/DC converters or their control part. A PMIC is often included in battery-operated devices (such as mobile phone, portable media players) and embedded devices (such as routers) to decrease the amount of space required. Overview The term PMIC refers to a class of integrated circuits that perform various functions related to power requirements. A PMIC may have one or more of the following functions: * DC-to-DC conversion * Battery charging * Power-source selection * Voltage scaling * Power sequencing * Miscellaneous functions Power management ICs are solid-state devices that control the flow and direction of electrical power. Many electrical devices use multiple internal voltages (e.g., 5 V, 3.3 V, 1.8 V, etc.) and sources of external power (e.g., wall outlet, battery, etc.), meaning that the power design of the dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LG E455 Optimus L5 II Dual - Mediatek MT6329BA-3160
LG Corporation (or LG Group), formerly known as Lucky-Goldstar, is a South Korean Multinational corporation, multinational conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded by Koo In-hwoi in 1947 and managed by successive generations of his family. It is the fourth-largest company in South Korea. Its headquarters are in the LG Twin Towers building in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District, Seoul. LG makes electronics, chemical substance, chemicals, household appliances, and telecommunications products and operates subsidiaries such as LG Electronics, Zenith Electronics, Zenith, LG Display, LG Uplus, LG Innotek, LG Chem, LG Energy Solution and LG AI Research in over 80 countries. History LG Corporation was established as LG Chem, Lak Hui Chemical Industrial Corp. in 1947 by Koo In-hwoi. Its first product was "Lucky Cream", the first Korean make-up cream. In 1952, Lak Hui () (pronounced "Lucky"; now LG Chem) became the first South Korean company to enter the plastics industry. As the com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voltage Regulation
In electrical engineering, particularly power engineering, voltage regulation is a measure of change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of a component, such as a transmission line, transmission or distribution line. Voltage regulation describes the ability of a system to provide near constant voltage over a wide range of Electrical load, load conditions. The term may refer to a passive property that results in more or less voltage drop under various load conditions, or to the active intervention with devices for the specific purpose of adjusting voltage. Electrical power systems In electrical power systems, voltage regulation is a dimensionless quantity defined at the receiving end of a transmission line as: :\text VR = \frac \times 100 where ''Vnl'' is voltage at no load and ''Vfl'' is voltage at full load. The percent voltage regulation of an ideal transmission line, as defined by a transmission line with zero Electrical resistance and conductance, res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI), also known simply as Analog, is an American multinational corporation, multinational semiconductor company specializing in data conversion, signal processing, and power management technology, headquartered in Wilmington, Massachusetts. The company manufactures analog, Mixed-signal integrated circuit, mixed-signal and digital signal processing, digital signal processing (DSP) integrated circuits (ICs) used in electronic equipment. These technologies are used to convert, condition and process real-world phenomena, such as light, sound, temperature, motion, and pressure into electrical signals. Analog Devices has approximately 100,000 customers in the following industries: communications, computer, instrumentation, military/aerospace, automotive, and consumer electronics applications.Bloomberg.ADI: Analog Devices Inc Summary" Retrieved January 30, 2011. History The company was founded by two MIT graduates, Ray Stata and Matthew Lorber in 1965. The same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switching Amplifier
A class-D amplifier, or switching amplifier, is an electronic amplifier in which the amplifying devices (transistors, usually MOSFETs) operate as electronic switches, and not as linear gain devices as in other amplifiers. They operate by rapidly switching back and forth between the supply rails, using pulse-width modulation, pulse-density modulation, or related techniques to produce a pulse train output. A simple low-pass filter may be used to attenuate their high-frequency content to provide analog output current and voltage. Little energy is dissipated in the amplifying transistors because they are always either fully on or fully off, so efficiency can exceed 90%. History The first class-D amplifier was invented by British scientist Alec Reeves in the 1950s and was first called by that name in 1955. The first commercial product was a kit module called the X-10 released by Sinclair Radionics in 1964. However, it had an output power of only 2.5 watts. The Sinclair X-20 in 196 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulse-width Modulation
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an electrical signal. The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by switching the supply between 0 and 100% at a rate faster than it takes the load to change significantly. The longer the switch is on, the higher the total power supplied to the load. Along with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), it is one of the primary methods of controlling the output of solar panels to that which can be utilized by a battery. PWM is particularly suited for running inertial loads such as motors, which are not as easily affected by this discrete switching. The goal of PWM is to control a load; however, the PWM switching frequency must be sele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulse-frequency Modulation
Pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is a modulation method for representing an analog signal using only two levels (1 and 0). It is analogous to pulse-width modulation (PWM), in which the magnitude of an analog signal is encoded in the duty cycle of a Square wave (waveform), square wave. Unlike PWM, in which the width of square pulses is varied at a constant frequency, PFM fixes the width of square pulses while varying the frequency. In other words, the frequency of the pulse train is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal at sampling intervals. The amplitude and width of the pulses are kept constant. Applications PFM is a method of encoding analog signals into trains of square pulses and therefore has a wide variety of applications. There are practical difficulties in the design of electronics when working with non-fixed frequencies, such as transmission line effects in board layout and magnetic component selection, so generally, PWM mode is p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real-time Clock
A real-time clock (RTC) is an electronic device (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that measures the passage of time. Although the term often refers to the devices in personal computers, server (computing), servers and embedded systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device which needs to keep accurate time of day. Terminology The term ''real-time clock'' is used to avoid confusion with ordinary clock signal, hardware clocks which are only signals that govern digital electronics, and do not count time in human units. RTC should not be confused with real-time computing, which shares its three-letter acronym but does not directly relate to time of day. Purpose Although keeping time can be done without an RTC, using one has benefits: * Reliably maintains and provides current time through disruptive system states such as Hang (computing), hangs, Sleep mode, sleep, reboots, or if given sufficient backup power, full Shutdown (computing), shutdown and hardwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low-dropout Regulator
A low-dropout regulator (LDO regulator) is a type of a DC linear voltage regulator circuit that can operate even when the supply voltage is very close to the output voltage. The advantages of an LDO regulator over other DC-to-DC voltage regulators include: the absence of switching noise (in contrast to switching regulators); smaller device size (as neither large inductors nor transformers are needed); and greater design simplicity (usually consists of a reference, an amplifier, and a pass element). The disadvantage is that linear DC regulators must dissipate heat in order to operate. History The adjustable low-dropout regulator debuted on April 12, 1977 in an ''Electronic Design'' article entitled "''Break Loose from Fixed IC Regulators''". The article was written by Robert Dobkin, an IC designer then working for National Semiconductor. Because of this, National Semiconductor claims the title of "''LDO inventor''". Dobkin later left National Semiconductor in 1981 and founde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serial Peripheral Interface Bus
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a de facto standard (with many #Variations, variants) for Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous signalling, synchronous serial communication, used primarily in embedded systems for short-distance wired communication between integrated circuits. SPI follows a master–slave (technology), master–slave architecture, where a master device Signaling (telecommunications), orchestrates communication with one or more slave devices by driving the clock signal, clock and chip select signals. Some devices support changing master and slave roles on the fly. Motorola's original specification (from the early 1980s) uses four logic signals, aka lines or wires, to support full duplex communication. It is sometimes called a ''four-wire'' serial bus to contrast with Serial Peripheral Interface#Three-wire, three-wire variants which are half duplex, and with the ''two-wire'' I²C and 1-Wire serial buses. Typical #Applications, applications include interf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I²C
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit; pronounced as "" or ""), alternatively known as I2C and IIC, is a synchronous, multi-master/multi-slave, single-ended, serial communication bus invented in 1980 by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors). It is widely used for attaching lower-speed peripheral integrated circuits (ICs) to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication. The I2C bus can be found in a wide range of electronics applications where simplicity and low manufacturing cost are more important than speed. PC components and systems which involve I2C include serial presence detect (SPD) EEPROMs on dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) and Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) for monitors via VGA, DVI, and HDMI connectors. Common I2C applications include reading hardware monitors, sensors, real-time clocks, controlling actuators, accessing low-speed DACs and ADCs, controlling simple LCD or OLED displays, changing computer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BiCMOS
Bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) is a semiconductor technology that integrates two semiconductor technologies, those of the bipolar junction transistor and the CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) logic gate, into a single integrated circuit. In more recent times the bipolar processes have been extended to include high mobility devices using silicon–germanium junctions. Bipolar transistors offer high speed, high gain, and low output impedance with relatively high power consumption per device, which are excellent properties for high-frequency analog amplifiers including low noise radio frequency (RF) amplifiers that only use a few active devices, while CMOS technology offers high input impedance and is excellent for constructing large numbers of low- power logic gates. In a BiCMOS process the doping profile and other process features may be tilted to favour either the CMOS or the bipolar devices. For example GlobalFoundries offer a basic 180 nm BiCMOS7WL process an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voltage And Frequency Scaling
In computer architecture, dynamic voltage scaling is a power management technique in which the voltage used in a component is increased or decreased, depending upon circumstances. Dynamic voltage scaling to increase voltage is known as overvolting; dynamic voltage scaling to decrease voltage is known as undervolting. Undervolting is done in order to conserve power, particularly in laptops and other mobile devices, where energy comes from a battery and thus is limited, or in rare cases, to increase reliability. Overvolting is done in order to support higher frequencies for performance. The term "overvolting" is also used to refer to increasing static operating voltage of computer components to allow operation at higher speed (overclocking). Background MOSFET-based digital circuits operate using voltages at circuit nodes to represent logical state. The voltage at these nodes switches between a high voltage and a low voltage during normal operation—when the inputs to a lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
