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Potamotrygon Scobina
The raspy river stingray, mosaic stingray or ''arraia'' (''Potamotrygon scobina'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Potamotrygonidae. This stingray is endemic to the Amazon basin in Brazil, where known from the Amazon–Pará River (Belém to near the confluence with the Putumayo River), the Madeira River basin, Uatumã River and lower Tocantins River. It reaches up to in disc width and in total length. It is fairly common, but threatened by habitat loss. It is part of a group consisting of five allopatric Amazonian stingrays, the others being '' P. adamastor'' (Uraricoera River), '' P. amazona'' ( Juruá, Jutaí and Rio Negro), '' P. garmani'' (mid to upper Tocantins River) and '' P. limai'' (Jamari River). These all have three angular cartilages (as opposed to the one or two seen in other species in the genus). References External links Species Description of Potamotrygon scobina at www.shark-references.com scobina ''Scobina'' is a genus of sawfly belongi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Garman
Samuel Walton Garman (June 5, 1843 – September 30, 1927), or "Garmann" as he sometimes styled himself, was an American naturalist and zoologist. He became noted as an ichthyologist and herpetologist. Biography Garman was born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, on 5 June 1843. In 1868 he joined an expedition to the American West with John Wesley Powell. He graduated from the Illinois State Normal University in 1870, and for the following year was principal of the Mississippi State Normal School. In 1871, he became professor of natural sciences in Ferry Hall Seminary, Lake Forest, Illinois, and a year later became a special pupil of Louis Agassiz. He was a friend and regular correspondent of the naturalist Edward Drinker Cope, and in 1872 accompanied him on a fossil hunting trip to Wyoming. In 1870 he became assistant director of herpetology and ichthyology at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology. His work was mostly in the classification of fish, especially sharks, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uraricoera River
The Uraricoera (or Uraricuera) River is a river of Roraima state in northern Brazil. The confluence of the Uraricoera and Takutu Rivers forms the Branco River. Basin The river drains the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. Part of the river's basin is in the Roraima National Forest. The Maracá Ecological Station was established by presidential decree on 2 June 1981. The station consists of the island of Maracá between the Santa Rosa and Maracá branches of the Uraricoera River in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, with an area of . See also *List of rivers of Roraima List of rivers in Roraima ( Brazilian State). The list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name and ordered from downstream to upstream. Roraima is located entirely within the Amazon Basi ... References External linksBrazilian Ministry of Transport Rivers of Roraima {{Roraima-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Named By Samuel Garman
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion, especially in the context of rank-based (" Linnaean") nomenclature (much less so under phylogenetic nomenclature). If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were presumably set forth in prehistoric times by hunter-gatherers, as suggested by the fairly sophisticated folk taxonomies. Much later, Aristotle, and later still ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Of The Amazon Basin
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits. Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians. In a break to the long tradition of grouping all fish into a single class (Pisces), modern phylogenetics views fish as a paraphyletic group. Most fish are cold-blooded, their body temperature varying with the surrounding water, though some large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Many fish can communicate acoustically with each other, such as during courtship displays. The study of fish is known as ichthyology. The earliest fish appeared during the Cambrian as small filter feeders; they continued to evolve through the Paleozoic, diversifying into many forms. The earliest fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fish Of Brazil
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are Indigenous (ecology), indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or, in scientific literature, as an ''endemite''. Similarly, many species found in the Western ghats of India are examples of endemism. Endemism is an important concept in conservation biology for measuring biodiversity in a particular place and evaluating the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment cause species to undergo range shifts (potentially expanding their range into a la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freshwater Stingrays Of Brazil
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mineral-rich waters, such as chalybeate springs. Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/ sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in aquifers, subterranean rivers and lakes. Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Many organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of vascular plants and most insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds need fresh water to survive. Fresh water is the water resource that is of the most and immediate use to humans. Fresh water is not always pot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potamotrygon
''Potamotrygon'' is a genus of freshwater stingrays in the family Potamotrygonidae native to the rivers of South America, and sometimes seen in the aquarium trade. It inhabits rivers of tropical and subtropical climates, especially those of the Amazon basin and is virtually present in all South American countries, except for Chile. Like other stingrays, the fishes of this genus have venomous barbs at the base of their tails, and their stings are dangerous to humans. It is said that the natives of South America fear the stingray more than they do fear the piranha. ''Potamotrygon'' vary considerably in color, pattern and size, with the maximum disc width ranging from in ''P. wallacei'' to in ''P. brachyura''. In the aquarium Though freshwater stingray of other genera do appear in the trade, most are from ''Potamotrygon''. They are best kept with a deep, sandy substrate, in which they bury themselves, often with only the eyes visible. They are not territorial with other anima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamari River
The Jamari River is a river of Rondônia state in western Brazil. Part of the river's watershed is covered by the Jacundá National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit. The Jamari river is dammed by the Samuel Hydroelectric Dam near Porto Velho Porto Velho (, ''Old Port'') is the capital (political), capital of the Brazilian States of Brazil, state of Rondônia, in the upper Amazon River basin. The population is 460,434 people (as of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, ..., which forms a reservoir that covers . The Samuel Ecological Station was established in compensation for the environmental impact. The ecological station extends to the east of the dam and protects part of the Jamari river basin. See also * List of rivers of Rondônia ReferencesBrazilian Ministry of Transport Rivers of Rondônia {{Rondônia-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potamotrygon Limai
''Potamotrygon limai'' is a type of tropical freshwater stingray found exclusively in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. This species is prone to local deforestation activities instead of fishing. Description This species can be distinguished from its congeners through several characteristics, such as darker brownish dorsal disc covered with beige to whitish, small spots arranged into concentric patterns, possibility of whitish spots forming vermicular patterns, simpler rostral dermal denticles, and absence of any form of discrete dorsal ocelli. The largest male specimen ever caught is around 65 cm disc width. Habitat & distribution This tropical ray has been recorded only from Jamari River, a part of Madeira River The Madeira River ( ) is a major waterway in South America. It is estimated to be in length, while the Madeira-Mamoré is estimated near or in length depending on the measuring party and their methods. The Madeira is the biggest tributary of ... system in north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potamotrygon Garmani
''Potamotrygon'' is a genus of freshwater stingrays in the family Potamotrygonidae native to the rivers of South America, and sometimes seen in the aquarium trade. It inhabits rivers of tropical and subtropical climates, especially those of the Amazon basin and is virtually present in all South American countries, except for Chile. Like other stingrays, the fishes of this genus have venomous barbs at the base of their tails, and their stings are dangerous to humans. It is said that the natives of South America fear the stingray more than they do fear the piranha. ''Potamotrygon'' vary considerably in color, pattern and size, with the maximum disc width ranging from in ''P. wallacei'' to in ''P. brachyura''. In the aquarium Though freshwater stingray of other genera do appear in the trade, most are from ''Potamotrygon''. They are best kept with a deep, sandy substrate, in which they bury themselves, often with only the eyes visible. They are not territorial with other animals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio Negro (Amazon)
The Rio Negro ( "''Black River''"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world, and one of the world's ten List of rivers by discharge, largest rivers by average discharge. Despite its high flow, the Rio Negro has a low Stream load, sediment load (5.76 million tonnes per year on average in Manaus). Geography Upper course The source of the Rio Negro lies in Colombia, in the Department of Guainía where the river is known as the ''Guainía River''. The young river generally flows in an east-northeasterly direction through the Puinawai Natural Reserve, Puinawai National Reserve, passing several small indigenous settlements on its way, such as Cuarinuma, Brujas, Santa Rosa and Tabaquén. After roughly the river starts forming the border between Colombia's Department of Guainía and Venezuela's Amazonas (Venezuelan state), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jutaí River
The Jutaí River () is a river in Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. Course The river flows through the Juruá-Purus moist forests ecoregion. The Jutaí river runs northeast before reaching its mouth on the southern bank of the Amazon River ( Solimões section). It is west of the Juruá River, and is roughly parallel to the lower Juruá. The Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve, established in 2003, lies on either side of the river in the municipality of Jutaí. It is the largest conservation unit in Amazonas and the largest sustainable development reserve in the world. Further downstream the river forms the boundary between the Rio Jutaí Extractive Reserve, created in 2002, to the southeast and the Jutaí-Solimões Ecological Station The Jutaí-Solimões Ecological Station () is an ecological station in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It protects an area of flooded and terra firme forest in the Amazon biome. Location The Ecological Station covers in the Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
