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Portuguese Guinea
Portuguese Guinea (), called the Overseas Province of Guinea from 1951 until 1972 and then State of Guinea from 1972 until 1974, was a Portuguese overseas province in West Africa from 1588 until 10 September 1974, when it gained independence as Guinea-Bissau. Slave trade The Portuguese Crown commissioned its navigators to explore the Atlantic coast of West Africa in the 1430s, to find sources of gold. At that time the gold trade was controlled by Morocco. Muslim caravans across the Sahara also carried salt, kola nut, kola, textiles, fish, grain, and slaves. The navigators first passed the obstruction of Cape Bojador in 1437 and were able to explore the West African coast as far as Sierra Leone by 1460 and colonize the Portuguese Cape Verde, Cape Verde islands beginning in 1456.C.R. Boxer, (1977). The Portuguese seaborne empire, 1415–1825, pp. 26–7, 30 London, Hutchinson & Co. The gold ultimately came from the upper reaches of the Niger River, Niger and Volta Rivers and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Cape Verde
Cape Verde was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the initial settlement of the Cape Verde Islands in 1462 until the independence of Cape Verde in 1975. History 15th century The islands of Cape Verde were discovered in 1460-62 by Prince Henry the Navigator (Son of King John I) and Antonio Noli, in the service of Henry's relative King Afonso V. The southeastern islands, including the largest island Santiago, were discovered in 1460 by António de Noli and Diogo Gomes. The remaining northwestern islands São Nicolau, São Vicente and Santo Antão were discovered in 1461 or 1462 by Diogo Afonso.Valor simbólico do centro histórico da Praia Lourenço Conceição Gomes, Universidade Portucalense, 2008 There is no evidence of human settlement on Cape Verde prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandjak Language
Manjak or Manjack (, ; ) or Njak is a Bak language of Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. The language is also known as Kanyop. In 2006, the total number of speakers was estimated at 315,300, including 184,000 in Guinea-Bissau, 105,000 in Senegal and 26,300 in The Gambia The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. Geographically, The Gambia is the List of African countries by area, smallest country in continental Africa; it is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except for .... Dialects The Manjak dialects below are distinct enough that some might be considered separate languages. *Bok (Babok, Sarar, Teixeira Pinto, Tsaam) *Likes-Utsia (Baraa, Kalkus) *Cur (Churo) *Lund *Yu (Pecixe, Siis, Pulhilh) *Unhate (Binhante, Bissau) The Manjak dialects listed by Wilson (2007) areWilson, William André Auquier. 2007. ''Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification''. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Casa Da Guiné
A flag is a piece of textile, fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the Maritime flag, maritime environment, where Flag semaphore, semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equival ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Africa
West Africa, also known as Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations geoscheme for Africa#Western Africa, United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territories, United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R. Masson, Catherine Anne Pattillo, "Monetary union in West Africa (ECOWAS): is it desirable and how could it be achieved?" (Introduction). International Monetary Fund, 2001. The population of West Africa is estimated at around million people as of , and at 381,981,000 as of 2017, of which 189,672,000 were female and 192,309,000 male.United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, custom data acquired via webs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Guinean Escudo
The escudo was the currency of Portuguese Guinea between 1914 and 1975. It was equal to the Portuguese escudo and replaced the real at a rate of 1000 réis = 1 escudo. The escudo was subdivided into 100 ''centavos''. Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ... issued banknotes (starting in 1914) and coins (starting in 1933) for use in Portuguese Guinea. Following independence, the peso replaced the escudo at par. Coins In 1933, coins were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 centavos and 1 escudo. Coins of , 10 and 20 escudos were added in 1952, with 5 escudos coins introduced in 1973. Banknotes In 1914, notes were issued by the Banco Nacional Ultramarino in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 centavos. In 1921, larger denominations, from 1 escudo up to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Guinean Real
The (plural ) was the currency of Portuguese Guinea until 1914. It was equal to the Portuguese real. Paper money specifically for Portuguese Guinea was first issued in 1909, supplementing Portuguese currency. Denominations were between 1 000 an 50 000 . The real was replaced by the escudo The escudo ( Portuguese: 'shield') is a unit of currency which is used in Cape Verde, and which has been used by Portugal, Spain and their colonies. The original coin was worth 16 silver . The Cape Verdean escudo is, and the Portuguese escudo ... at a rate of 1 escudo = 1 000 réis. References * * Currencies of Africa Economic history of Portugal Modern obsolete currencies 1914 disestablishments in Portuguese Guinea Currencies of Portugal Economy of Guinea-Bissau 1909 establishments in Portuguese Guinea {{Portugal-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Real
The ''real'' (, meaning "royal", plural: ''réis'' or rchaic''reais'') was the unit of currency of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire from around 1430 until 1911. It replaced the '' dinheiro'' at the rate of 1 real = libras = 70 soldos = 840 dinheiros and was itself replaced by the '' escudo'' (as a result of the Republican revolution of 1910) at a rate of 1 escudo = 1000 réis. The ''escudo'' was further replaced by the euro at a rate of 1 euro = 200.482 ''escudos'' in 2002. History The first ''real'' was introduced by King Fernando I around 1380.Numária nacional Tesouros Numismáticos Portugueses It was a silver coin and had a value of 120 '' dinheiros'' (10 ''soldos'' or ''libra''). In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António De Spínola
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (; 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer, author and conservative politician. During the Estado Novo he became one of the most senior military commanders, leading military operations against independence movements. After the Carnation Revolution organised by under-ranked military captains, he was invited to be the first President of Portugal. His role in Portugal's transition to democracy was polemic, particularly regarding his role in leading the 11 March 1975 attempted coup and the terrorist organisation '' Movimento Democrático de Libertação de Portugal'' (Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Portugal). He was noted for wearing a monocle on his right eye. Early life Spínola was born in Santo André, Estremoz in 1910 to António Sebastião Spínola and his first wife Maria Gabriela Alves Ribeiro, both natives of Madeira. Career Spínola entered the Colégio Militar in 1920, beginning w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (February 24, 1843January 28, 1924) was the 2nd president of Portugal, serving in 1915. A Portuguese writer, playwright, politician he became the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the overthrow of King Manuel II, having become president after the resignation of President Manuel de Arriaga. Biography Teófilo Braga was born in the Azores, in São José, Ponta Delgada. His father, Joaquim Manuel Fernandes Braga, was probably a descendant of one of King João V's illegitimate children, most likely António of Braganza who was a Doctor in Theology, knight of the Order of Christ and known as one of the Children of Palhavã. His mother was Maria José da Câmara Albuquerque, from the island of Santa Maria, another descendant of Portuguese nobility because she could probably be traced back to Urraca Afonso, who was one of King Afonso III's illegitimate children, as the genealogist Ferreira Serpa has shown. Teófilo was the 13 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Fabião
Carlos may refer to: Places ;Canada * Carlos, Alberta, a locality ;United States * Carlos, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Carlos, Maryland, a place in Allegany County * Carlos, Minnesota, a small city * Carlos, West Virginia ;Elsewhere * Carlos (crater), Montes Apenninus, LQ12, Moon; a lunar crater near Mons Hadley People * Carlos (given name), including a list of name holders * Carlos (surname), including a list of name holders Sportspeople * Carlos (Timorese footballer) (Carlos Mateus Ximenes, born 1986) * Carlos (footballer, born 1995) (Carlos Alberto Carvalho da Silva Júnior), Brazilian footballer * Carlos (footballer, born 1985) (Carlos Santos de Jesus), Brazilian footballer Others * Carlos (Calusa) (died 1567), king or paramount chief of the Calusa people of Southwest Florida * Carlos (singer) (1943—2008), French entertainer * Carlos the Jackal, a Venezuelan terrorist Arts and entertainment * ''Carlos'' (miniseries), 2010 biopic about the terrorist Carlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltasar Pereira De Castelo Branco
Balthazar, Balthasar, Baltasar, or Baltazar may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Balthazar'' (novel), by Lawrence Durrell, 1958 * ''Balthasar'', an 1889 book by Anatole France * ''Professor Balthazar'', a Croatian animated TV series, 1967–1978 * ''Balthazar'' (TV series), a 2018 French crime thriller drama * Balthazar (band), a Belgian indie pop and rock group * DJ Balthazar, a Bulgarian group * ''Au hasard Balthazar'', a 1966 French film directed by Robert Bresson People Footballers * Baltasar (footballer) (born 1966), Portuguese footballer * Baltasar Gonçalves (born 1948), or Baltasar, Portuguese footballer * Baltazar (footballer, born 1926) (1926–1997), Oswaldo da Silva, Brazilian football striker * Baltasar (footballer, born 1933) (1933–2019), Egydio Felizardo, Brazilian football striker * Baltazar (footballer, born 1959), Baltazar Maria de Morais Júnior, Brazilian football striker * Marco Balthazar (born 1983), Brazilian footballer * Batata (foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel II Of Portugal
Dom (title), Dom Manuel II (Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha e Bragança; 15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932), sometimes known as Manuel the Unfortunate () or Manuel the Patriot (), was the last king of Portugal, reigning from 1908 until 1910. Manuel was born in the Palace of Belém, Lisbon, during the reign of his father, Carlos I of Portugal, Carlos I. He was his third and youngest child. Before ascending the throne, he held the title of Duke of Beja. He received traditional education. Having ingressed the Naval School (Portugal), naval school in 1907, he was never meant to become a king, since it was expected for his Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, elder brother to assume that role. After the Lisbon Regicide, regicide in 1908, which killed the King and the Prince Royal of Portugal, Prince Royal, Manuel, then 18 years old, became king. Manuel reigned as Constitutional Monarchy, const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
