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Poor Law Union
A poor law union was a geographical territory, and early local government unit, in Great Britain and Ireland. Poor law unions existed in England and Wales from 1834 to 1930 for the administration of poor relief. Prior to the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 the administration of the English Poor Laws was the responsibility of the vestries of individual parishes, which varied widely in their size, populations, financial resources, rateable values and requirements. From 1834 the parishes were grouped into unions, jointly responsible for the administration of poor relief in their areas and each governed by a board of guardians. A parish large enough to operate independently of a union was known as a poor law parish. Collectively, poor law unions and poor law parishes were known as poor law districts. The grouping of the parishes into unions caused larger centralised workhouses to be built to replace smaller facilities in each parish. Poor law unions were later used as a basis for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Poor Laws
The English Poor Laws were a system of poor relief in England and Wales that developed out of the codification of late-medieval and Tudor-era laws in 1587–1598. The system continued until the modern welfare state emerged in the late 1940s. English Poor Law legislation can be traced back as far as 1536, when legislation was passed to deal with the impotent poor, although there were much earlier House of Plantagenet, Plantagenet laws dealing with the problems caused by Vagrancy, vagrants and beggars. The history of the Poor Law in England and Wales is usually divided between two statutes: the Poor Relief Act 1601, Old Poor Law passed during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, New Poor Law, passed in 1834, which significantly modified the system of poor relief. The New Poor Law altered the system from one which was administered haphazardly at a local parish level to a highly centralised system which encouraged the large-scale development of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
England And Wales
England and Wales () is one of the Law of the United Kingdom#Legal jurisdictions, three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. The substantive law of the jurisdiction is English law. The Welsh devolution, devolved Senedd (Welsh Parliament; ) – previously named the National Assembly for Wales – was created in 1999 under the Government of Wales Act 1998 and provides a degree of Self-governance, self-government in Wales. The powers of the legislature were expanded by the Government of Wales Act 2006, which allows it to pass Welsh law, its own laws, and the Act also formally separated the Welsh Government from the Senedd. There is currently no Devolved English parliament, equivalent body for England, which is directly governed by the parliament and government of the United Kingdom. History of jurisdiction During the Roman occupation of Britain, the area of presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Board Of Guardians
Boards of guardians were ''ad hoc'' authorities that administered Poor Law in the United Kingdom from 1835 to 1930. England and Wales Boards of guardians were created by the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, replacing the parish overseers of the poor established under the old poor law, following the recommendations of the Poor Law Commission. Boards administered workhouses within a defined poor law union consisting of a group of parishes, either by order of the Poor Law Commission, or by the common consent of the parishes. Once a union was established it could not be dissolved or merged with a neighbouring union without the consent of its board. Each board was composed of guardians elected by the owners and '' bona fide'' occupiers of land liable to pay the poor rate. Depending on the value of the property held, an elector could cast from one to three votes. Electors could nominate proxies to cast their vote in their absence. Where property was held by a corporation or company ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838
The Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 56) is an Act of Parliament, Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that created the system of poor relief in Ireland. The legislation was largely influenced by the English Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. Following its enactment, one hundred and thirty List of Irish poor law unions, Poor Law Unions were established throughout the country. Each Union had a workhouse, financed by the payment of rates on landholders in the Union district. The administration of the Poor law union, Poor Law Unions in Ireland (PLU) was overseen by the Poor Law Commissioners who maintained control by setting up strict accounting and recording systems. Each PLU was managed locally by a board of Guardians who met weekly to oversee the running of the workhouse (indoor) and relief work schemes (outdoor). The vast bulk of the surviving PLU records comprises Minute and Rate Books.‘Guide to the Archives of the Poor Law’, ''The National Archives of Irel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Council
A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries. Australia In the Australian state of New South Wales, county councils are special purpose local governments, to which a group of local government areas delegate the provision of certain services. Note that although New South Wales has counties, the county councils are not governments of the counties (which have never had governments), but rather of distinct county districts. Norway In Norway, a county council () is the highest governing body of a county municipality (''fylkeskommune''). The county council sets the scope of the county municipal activity. The council is led by the Chairman of the County Council, more commonly called a County Mayor (''fylkesordfører''). Members of the council are elected for a four-year term through the general local elections, which can extended for a second four-year term. It is common for me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban District (England And Wales)
In England and Wales, an urban district was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected urban district council (UDC), which shared local government responsibilities with a county council. In England and Wales, urban districts and rural districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) as subdivisions of administrative counties. A similar model of urban and rural districts was also established in Ireland in 1899, which continued separately in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland after 1921. They replaced the earlier system of urban and rural sanitary districts (based on poor law unions) whose functions were taken over by the district councils. The district councils also had wider powers over local matters such as parks, cemeteries and local planning. An urban district usually contained a single parish, while a rural district might contain many. Urban districts were conside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural District
A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ..., and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the Administrative county, administrative counties.__TOC__ England and Wales In England and Wales rural districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) along with Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland), urban districts. They replaced the earlier system of sanitary districts (themselves based on poor law unions, but not replacing them). Each rural district had an elected rural district council (RDC), which inherited the functions of the earlier sanitary di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Registration
Civil registration is the system by which a government records the vital events (Birth certificate, births, Marriage certificate, marriages, and Death certificate, deaths) of its citizens and Residency (domicile), residents. The resulting repository or database has different names in different countries and even in different subnational jurisdictions. It can be called a civil registry, civil register (but this is also an official term for an individual file of a vital event), vital records, and other terms, and the office responsible for receiving the registrations can be called a bureau of vital statistics, registry of vital records and statistics, registrar, registry, register, registry office (officially register office), or population registry. The primary purpose of civil registration is to create a legal document (usually called a wikt:certificate, ''certificate'') that can be used to establish and protect the civil rights, rights of individuals. A secondary purpose is to c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plural Voting
Plural voting is the practice whereby one person might be able to vote multiple times in an election. It is not to be confused with a plurality voting system, which elects winners by relative lead in vote tallies and does not necessarily involve plural voting. It is different from the multiple voting that occurs under block voting. Weighted voting is a generalisation of plural voting. Belgium In Belgium, voting was restricted to the wealthy tax brackets from independence in 1830 until 1848, when it was expanded to include a somewhat larger number of voters. The restriction on voting was abolished in 1893 after the first general strike in Europe and replaced wide adult male franchise but with plural voting for some males. They were allowed one or two additional votes, if they were head of a family or had a certain amount of education or money. This was applied for elections from 1894 to 1919 as a way to limit the impact of universal suffrage. Every male citizen over 25 got one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poor Law Board
The Poor Law Board was established in the United Kingdom in 1847 as a successor body to the Poor Law Commission overseeing the administration of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. The board was abolished in 1871 and replaced by the Local Government Board. The new body was headed by a president, and with the Lord President of the Council, the Lord Privy Seal, the Home Secretary and the Chancellor of the Exchequer now added to the board as ''ex officio'' members. Presidents of the Poor Law Board, 1847-1871 * Charles Buller 1847-1848 * Matthew Talbot Baines 1849-1852 * Sir John Trollope, Bt 1852 * Matthew Talbot Baines 1852-1855 * Edward Pleydell Bouverie 1855-1858 * Thomas Sotheron-Estcourt 1858-1859 * Charles Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March 1859 * Charles Pelham Villiers 1859-1866 * Gathorne Hardy 1866-1867 * William Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon 1867-1868 * George Goschen 1868-1871 * James Stansfeld 1871 Parliamentary Secretaries to the Poor Law Board, 1847-1871 * Viscount Ebringt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
