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Polytoma
''Polytoma'' is a genus of flagellates in the family Chlamydomonadaceae. Algae are similar to the genus ''Chlamydomonas'', but lack chlorophyll and are colorless. Although they are not photosynthetic, they are grouped with the green algae because they are phylogenetically related to, and derived from, flagellate green algae. ''Polytoma'' species are found in waters rich in organic matter. Description ''Polytoma'' is a genus of colorless, free-living chlorophytes similar in form to ''Chlamydomonas'' but lacking chlorophyll. Two flagella emanate from the anterior papilla of the cell, and cells have two contractile vacuoles at the flagellar base. The cell body can be spherical, ellipsoid, ovoid, or kidney-shaped. ''Polytoma'' possesses a leukoplast in place of a chloroplast, in which many starch grains are concentrated; there are typically no pyrenoids. Since they lack photosynthetic capability, ''Polytoma'' species are entirely saprotrophic, obtaining nutrients from decaying org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polytoma Difficile
''Polytoma'' is a genus of flagellates in the family Chlamydomonadaceae. Algae are similar to the genus ''Chlamydomonas'', but lack chlorophyll and are colorless. Although they are not photosynthetic, they are grouped with the green algae because they are phylogenetically related to, and derived from, flagellate green algae. ''Polytoma'' species are found in waters rich in organic matter. Description ''Polytoma'' is a genus of colorless, free-living chlorophytes similar in form to ''Chlamydomonas'' but lacking chlorophyll. Two flagella emanate from the anterior papilla of the cell, and cells have two contractile vacuoles at the flagellar base. The cell body can be spherical, ellipsoid, ovoid, or kidney-shaped. ''Polytoma'' possesses a leukoplast in place of a chloroplast, in which many starch grains are concentrated; there are typically no pyrenoids. Since they lack photosynthetic capability, ''Polytoma'' species are entirely saprotrophic, obtaining nutrients from decaying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamydomonadaceae
Chlamydomonadaceae is a family of algae within the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadaceae Data extracted from the Genera As accepted by WoRMS; * '' Agloë'' * '' Brachiomonas'' * '' Carteria'' * '' Cercidium'' * '' Chlainomonas'' * ''Chlamydomonas'' * '' Chlamydonephris'' * '' Chlorobrachis'' * '' Chloroceras'' * '' Chloromonas'' * '' Chlorotriangulum'' * '' Corbierea'' * '' Costachloris'' * '' Cylindromonas'' * '' Diplostauron'' * '' Furcilla'' * '' Gigantochloris'' * '' Gloeomonas'' * '' Heterochlamydomonas'' * '' Hirtusochloris'' * '' Hyalobrachion'' * '' Isococcus'' * '' Ixipapillifera'' * '' Lobochlamys'' * '' Lobomonas'' * '' Microglena'' * '' Oltmannsiella'' * '' Oogamochlamys'' * '' Parapolytoma'' * '' Peterfiella'' * '' Phyllariochloris'' * ''Polytoma'' * '' Pithiscus'' * '' Provasoliella'' * ''Pseudocarteria'' * '' Pseudofurcilla'' * '' Pyramichlamys'' * '' Rhysamphichloris'' * '' Sanguina'' * '' Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroplast
A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water in the cells. The ATP and NADPH is then used to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from one, in unicellular algae, up to 100 in plants like '' Arabidopsis'' and wheat. A chloroplast is characterized by its two membranes and a high concentration of chlorophyll. Other plastid types, such as the leucoplast and the chromoplast, contain little chlorophyll and do not carry out photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
