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Polyploviricotina
''Polyploviricotina'' is a subphylum of viruses in the phylum ''Negarnaviricota''. It is one of only two virus subphyla, the other being '' Haploviricotina'', which is also in ''Negarnaviricota''. The name comes from , the Ancient Greek for 'complex', along with the suffix for a virus subphylum; 'viricotina'. Taxonomy The subphylum contains the following classes and orders (-''viricetes'' denotes class and -''virales'' denotes order): * '' Bunyaviricetes'' ** ''Elliovirales ''Elliovirales'' is an order of viruses. Taxonomy The order contains the following families: * '' Cruliviridae'' * ''Fimoviridae'' * ''Hantaviridae'' * ''Peribunyaviridae'' * '' Phasmaviridae'' * ''Tospoviridae ''Orthotospovirus'' is a genus o ...'' ** '' Hareavirales'' * '' Insthoviricetes'' ** '' Articulavirales'' References External links Invasion of the Body Snatchers: Viruses Can Steal Our Genetic Code to Create New Human-Virus Genes on: SciTechDaily, Source: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negarnaviricota
Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). They have genomes that act as complementary strands from which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). During replication of the viral genome, RdRp synthesizes a positive-sense antigenome that it uses as a template to create genomic negative-sense RNA. Negative-strand RNA viruses also share a number of other characteristics: most contain a viral envelope that surrounds the capsid, which encases the viral genome, −ssRNA virus genomes are usually linear, and it is common for their genome to be segmented. Negative-strand RNA viruses constitute the phylum ''Negarnaviricota'', in the kingdom ''Orthornavirae'' and realm ''Riboviria''. They are descended from a common ancestor that was a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, and they are considered to be a sister clade of reovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haploviricotina
''Haploviricotina'' is a subphylum of viruses in the phylum ''Negarnaviricota''. It is one of only two virus subphyla, the other being ''Polyploviricotina'', which is also in ''Negarnaviricota''. The name comes from , the Ancient Greek for 'simple', along with the suffix for a virus subphylum; 'viricotina'. Taxonomy The subphylum ''Haploviricotina'' is composed of 4 classes and 5 orders: * '' Chunqiuviricetes'' ** '' Muvirales'' * ''Milneviricetes'' ** '' Serpentovirales'' * ''Monjiviricetes'' ** '' Jingchuvirales'' ** ''Mononegavirales ''Mononegavirales'' is an order of negative-strand RNA viruses which have nonsegmented genomes. Some members that cause human disease in this order include Ebola virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, mumps virus, Nipah viru ...'' * '' Yunchangviricetes'' ** '' Goujianvirales'' References Negarnaviricota Virus subphyla {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peribunyaviridae
''Peribunyaviridae'' is a Family (biology), family of viruses in the order ''Elliovirales''. Its name partially derives from Bunyamwera, Uganda, where the founding species was first isolated. Taxonomy The family contains the following genera: * ''Gryffinivirus'' * ''Herbevirus'' * ''Khurdivirus'' * ''Lakivirus'' * ''Lambavirus'' * ''Orthobunyavirus'' * ''Pacuvirus'' * ''Shangavirus'' References External links ICTV Report: ''Peribunyaviridae'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q29001087 Peribunyaviridae, Virus families Bunyavirales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission Electron Micrograph
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and Focus (optics), focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a Detectors for transmission electron microscopy, detector such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device or a direct electron detector. Transmission electron microscopes are capable of imaging at a significantly higher Optical resolution, resolution than Optical microscope, light microscopes, owing to the smaller de Broglie wavelength of electrons. This enables the instrument to capture fine detail—even as small as a single column of atoms, which is thousands o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Encephalitis Virus
California encephalitis virus was discovered in Kern County, California, and causes encephalitis in humans. Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that can cause minor symptoms, such as headaches, to more severe symptoms such as seizures. Mosquitoes serve as its carrier and for this reason this virus is known as an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus). California encephalitis virus belongs to the '' Orthobunyavirus'' genus of viruses. The La Crosse virus from the same genus is also a common cause of encephalitis in the United States. Other viruses with similar disease symptoms but genetically unrelated include: Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus. Signs and symptoms The incubation period of California encephalitis is usually 3–7 days. An early symptoms phase of 1–4 days commonly precedes the onset of encephalitis, manifesting as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, lethargy and abdominal pain. The encephalitis is characterized by fever, drowsiness ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy
image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation of things to the classes (classification). Originally, taxonomy referred only to the Taxonomy (biology), classification of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Today it also has a more general sense. It may refer to the classification of things or concepts, as well as to the principles underlying such work. Thus a taxonomy can be used to organize species, documents, videos or anything else. A taxonomy organizes taxonomic units known as "taxa" (singular "taxon"). Many are hierarchy, hierarchies. One function of a taxonomy is to help users more easily find what they are searching for. This may be effected in ways that include a library classification system and a Taxonomy for search e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subphylum
In zoological nomenclature, a subphylum is a taxonomic rank below the rank of phylum. The taxonomic rank of " subdivision" in fungi and plant taxonomy is equivalent to "subphylum" in zoological taxonomy. Some plant taxonomists have also used the rank of subphylum, for instance monocotyledons as a subphylum of phylum Angiospermae and vertebrates as a subphylum of phylum Chordata. Taxonomic rank Subphylum is: #subordinate to the phylum #superordinate to the infraphylum, which is in turn superordinate to parvphylum. Where convenient, subphyla in turn can be divided into infraphyla; in turn such an infraphylum also would be superordinate to any classes or superclasses in the hierarchy. Examples Not all fauna phyla are divided into subphyla. Those that are include: *Arthropoda: divided into subphyla Trilobitomorpha, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Pancrustacea * Brachiopoda: divided into subphyla Linguliformea, Craniformea and Rhynchonelliformea * Chordata: divided into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 16,000 of the millions of List of virus species, virus species have been described in detail. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent viral particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) genetic material, i.e., long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunyaviricetes
''Bunyaviricetes'' is a class of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. The name ''Bunyaviricetes'' derives from Bunyamwera, where the virus Bunyamwera virus was first discovered. Bunyaviruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification system, which includes viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. They have an enveloped, spherical virion. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this class occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-borne. With the exception of Hantaviruses and Arenaviruses, all viruses in the ''Bunyaviricetes'' class are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos, tick, or sandfly). Hantaviruses are transmitted thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elliovirales
''Elliovirales'' is an order of viruses. Taxonomy The order contains the following families: * '' Cruliviridae'' * ''Fimoviridae'' * ''Hantaviridae'' * ''Peribunyaviridae'' * '' Phasmaviridae'' * ''Tospoviridae ''Orthotospovirus'' is a genus of Negative-strand RNA virus, negative-strand RNA viruses, in the family ''Tospoviridae'' of the order ''Elliovirales,'' which infects plants. Tospoviruses take their name from the species Tomato spotted wilt virus ( ...'' * '' Tulasviridae'' References {{virus-stub Negarnaviricota Virus orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hareavirales
''Hareavirales'' is an order of viruses. The order belongs to the class '' Bunyaviricetes'' and contains nine families. Taxonomy The order contains the following families: * '' Arenaviridae'' * '' Discoviridae'' * '' Konkoviridae'' * '' Leishbuviridae'' * '' Mypoviridae'' * '' Nairoviridae'' * ''Phenuiviridae ''Phenuiviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order '' Hareavirales''. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Virology Structure Members of ''Phenuiviridae are'' enveloped viruses with hel ...'' * '' Tosoviridae'' * '' Wupedeviridae'' References Virus orders Negarnaviricota {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
