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Polyommatus Nephohiptamenos
''Polyommatus nephohiptamenos'', or Higgins's anomalous blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae described by J. Brown and John G. Coutsis in 1978. It has an IUCN Red List status of near threatened. Description The Higgins's anomalous blue (''Polyommatus nephohiptamenos'') is in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Brown and Coutsis in 1978. ''Polyommatus nephohiptamenos'' was thought to possibly be a subspecies or form of '' Polyommatus ripartii'', Ripart's anomalous blue. A 2016 paper confirmed that it was a distinct species based on distinct COI mitochondrial DNA barcodes and ecological differentiation. The fringes of the male are whiter than with ''P. ripartii''. Habitat ''P. nephohiptamenos'' is endemic to Europe, found only in mountains of northern Greece and occasionally of southern Bulgaria. It is found in a small area at higher altitudes of the Phalakron Massif in Greece and Bulgaria. It has a dot-like distribution range. It has been found on Mount Pang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterfly
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family (biology), family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species. The family comprises seven subfamilies, including the blues (Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks (Theclinae), and the harvesters (Miletinae). Description, food, and life cycle Adults are small, under 5 cm usually, and brightly coloured, sometimes with a metallic gloss. Lycaenidae wings are generally blue or green. More than half of these butterflies depend on ants in some way. Larvae are often flattened rather than cylindrical, with glands that may produce secretions that attract and subdue ants. Their cuticles tend to be thickened. Some larvae are capable of producing vibrations and low sounds that are transmitted through the substrates they inhabit. They use these sounds to commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations. The goals of the Red List are to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Major species assessors include BirdLife International, the Institute of Zoology (the research division of the Zoological Society of London), the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and many Specialist Groups w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near-threatened Species
A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify for the threatened status. The IUCN notes the importance of reevaluating near-threatened taxa at appropriate intervals. The rationale used for near-threatened taxa usually includes the criteria of vulnerable which are plausible or nearly met, such as reduction in numbers or range. Those designated since 2001 that depend on conservation efforts to not become threatened are no longer separately considered conservation-dependent species. IUCN Categories and Criteria version 2.3 Before 2001, the IUCN used the version 2.3 Categories and Criteria to assign conservation status, which included a separate category for conservation-dependent species ("Conservation Dependent", LR/cd). With this category system, Near Threatened and Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyommatus Ripartii
Ripart's anomalous blue (''Polyommatus ripartii'') is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Southern Europe, Greece and the Balkans, Asia Minor and the Crimea, South-West Siberia, the Altai Mountains and Kazakhstan. Flies in high summer, July to August in hot dry grassy places and slopes with flowers It now includes the former ''Agrodiaetus galloi'' (Italy), ''Agrodiaetus exuberans'' (Italy), and ''Agrodiaetus agenjoi'' (Spain), which used to be considered endemic species with highly restricted distribution ranges, but were then shown to be local populations of ''P. ripartii''. It is very similar to ''Polyommatus admetus ''Polyommatus admetus'', the anomalous blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1783. It is found in south-eastern Europe and Turkey. The wingspan is 30–40 mm. Adults are on wi ...'' and Seitz regards it as a form of ''admetus'' - ''ripartii'' Frr. (81 f), but has on the hind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Orvilos
Slavyanka (, "Slavic woman") or Orvilos (),In Greece this name is also used for the Pirin mountain range. formerly known as Alibotush (from Turkish ''Alibotuş'') and Kitka Planina (Китка планина), is a mountain located on the border of southwestern Bulgaria and northernmost Greece, located south of the Pirin Mountains and connected with it by the Paril Saddle. The highest peak of Slavyanka is Gotsev Vrah at 2,212 m, while other notable peaks include Golyam Tsarev Vrah (2,186 m), Malak Tsarev Vrah (2,087 m), Shabran (2,196 m) and Salyuva Dzhamiya (2,027 m). The Bulgarian section of the mountain is part of the Ali Botush Reserve. The massif is dome-shaped and has very steep ridges. Slavyanka has a pronounced karst character and thus features over 30 caves, attracting many speleologists. The climate has a considerable Mediterranean influence, with precipitation being at its highest in the autumn and winter and at its lowest in the summer, and the average temperatures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcareous Grassland
Calcareous grassland (or alkaline grassland) is an ecosystem associated with thin basic soil, such as that on chalk and limestone downland. There are large areas of calcareous grassland in northwestern Europe, particularly areas of southern England, such as Salisbury Plain and the North and South Downs. The machair forms a different kind of calcareous grassland, where fertile low-lying plains are formed on ground that is calcium-rich due to shell sand (pulverised sea shells). Biodiversity Plants on calcareous grassland are typically short and hardy, and include grasses and herbs such as clover. Calcareous grassland is an important habitat for insects, particularly butterflies and ants, and is kept at a plagioclimax by grazing animals, usually sheep and sometimes cattle. Rabbits used to play a part but due to the onset of myxomatosis their numbers decreased so dramatically that they no longer have much of a grazing effect. The lichen flora of chalk grasslands represents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onobrychis Montana
__NOTOC__ ''Onobrychis'', the sainfoins, are a genus of Eurasian perennial herbaceous plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). About 206 species are presently accepted. The Flora Europaea lists 23 species of ''Onobrychis''; the main centre of diversity extends from Central Asia to Iran, with 56 species – 27 of which are endemic – in the latter country alone. '' O. viciifolia'' is naturalized throughout many countries in Europe and North America grasslands on calcareous soils. Description The leaves are pinnate, alternate, with 6 to 14 pairs of oblong to linear leaflets. Sainfoins have pale pink flowers, typically blooming between June and September and pollinated by honey bees and solitary bees. The rounded single-seeded pods bear prominent spikes or similar protrusions in many species, enabling them to cling to the fur of large mammals and be thus distributed. Taxonomy List of species The following species are considered at least provisionally valid by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkans
The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria. The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Turkish straits in the east, and the Black Sea in the northeast. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined. The highest point of the Balkans is Musala, , in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria. The concept of the Balkan Peninsula was created by the German geographer August Zeune in 1808, who mistakenly considered the Balkan Mountains the dominant mountain system of southeastern Europe spanning from the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea. In the 19th century the term ''Balkan Peninsula'' was a synonym for Rumelia, the parts of Europe that were provinces of the Ottoman E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyommatus
''Polyommatus'' is a genus of butterfly, butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Its species are found in the Palearctic realm. Taxonomy Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that ''Cyaniris'', ''Lysandra (butterfly), Lysandra'', and ''Neolysandra'' are different genera from ''Polyommatus'', where they had been included, sometimes as subgenera. Some authors still recognize other subgenera, such as ''Agrodiaetus'', ''Bryna'', ''Meleageria'', and ''Plebicula''. List of species References * (2012): Establishing criteria for higher-level classification using molecular data: the systematics of ''Polyommatus'' blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). ''Cladistics (journal), Cladistics''. 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00421.x * (2010): "How common are dot-like distributions? Taxonomical oversplitting in western European ''Agrodiaetus'' (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) revealed by chromosomal and molecular markers. ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 101:130-154 (2010)abstract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
