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Polygonum Arenastrum
''Polygonum arenastrum'', commonly known as equal-leaved knotgrass, is a summer annual flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. Other common names include common knotweed, prostrate knotweed, mat grass, oval-leaf knotweed, stone grass, wiregrass, and door weed, as well as many others. It is native to Europe and can be found on other continents as an introduced species and a common noxious weed. Knotweed was first seen in North America in 1809 and is now seen across much of the United States and Canada. Description Knotweed develops a deep tap root (it can be as deep as ), does well in compacted soil, and survives drought conditions. The numerous wiry stems grow out from the center of the plant giving it a mat-like appearance. The stems are very long and branching and grow in a zigzag form. The leaves are alternate, oblong, hairless, can be to inches (12 to 37 mm) long, and are bluish-green in color. The leaf stalk is short and closely surrounded by papery s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Boreau
Alexandre Boreau (March 15, 1803 – May 5, 1875) was a French pharmacist and botanist. He is the binomial authority of plants such as ''Polygonum arenastrum'' and '' Pulmonaria longifolia''. Biography Boreau was born in Saumur, in the department of Maine-et-Loire on March 15, 1803. His father was a laborer, and upon his father's death, Boreau worked at baths established on the quay of the Loire, upstream of the Cessart bridge. Still a boy, Boreau came under the protection of his godfather Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars, an admiral. Boreau was able to study humanities at the college of Saumur. In 1820, he began training to be a pharmacist while working in a dispensary in Angers. Within the framework of these studies, he developed an interest in botany, and he enrolled in courses and studied at the jardin des plantes d'Angers. After his marriage to Antoinette Morin, in 1828, he opened a dispensary in Nevers. He devoted himself to botany and research. He collaborated with Count Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' was coined by Noël Martin Joseph de Necker in 1790, and derived . Collectively, the sepals are called the ''calyx'' (plural: calyces), the outermost Whorl (botany), whorl of parts that form a flower. The word ''calyx'' was adopted from the Latin ,Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 not to be confused with 'cup, goblet'. The Latin ''calyx'' is derived from Greek 'bud, calyx, husk, wrapping' ( Sanskrit 'bud'), while is derived from Greek 'cup, goblet'; both words have been used interchangeably in botanical Latin. Description The term ''tepal'' is usually applied when the parts of the perianth are difficult to distinguish, e. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonum
''Polygonum'' is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat and knotweed family Polygonaceae. Common names include knotweed and knotgrass (though the common names may refer more broadly to plants from Polygonaceae). In the Middle English glossary of herbs ''Alphita'' ( 1400–1425), it was known as ars-smerte. There have been various opinions about how broadly the genus should be defined. For example, buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum'') has sometimes been included in the genus as ''Polygonum fagopyrum''. Former genera such as ''Polygonella'' have been subsumed into ''Polygonum''; other genera have been split off. The genus primarily grows in northern temperate regions. The species are very diverse, ranging from prostrate herbaceous annual plants to erect herbaceous perennial plants. ''Polygonum'' species are occasionally eaten by humans, and are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species – see list. Most species are considered weeds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbicides
Herbicides (, ), also commonly known as weed killers, are substances used to control undesired plants, also known as weeds.EPA. February 201Pesticides Industry. Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007: Market Estimates. Summary in press releasMain page for EPA reports on pesticide use ihere Selective herbicides control specific weed species while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed, while non-selective herbicides (sometimes called "total weed killers") kill plants indiscriminately. The combined effects of herbicides, nitrogen fertilizer, and improved cultivars has increased yields (per acre) of major crops by three to six times from 1900 to 2000. In the United States in 2012, about 91% of all herbicide usage, was determined by weight applied, in agriculture. In 2012, world pesticide expenditures totaled nearly US$24.7 billion; herbicides were about 44% of those sales and constituted the biggest portion, followed by insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants. Herbicide is also used i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landscaping Fabric
Landscape fabric (a.k.a., weed barrier) is a textile material used to control weeds by inhibiting their exposure to sunlight. The fabric is normally placed around desirable plants, covering areas where other growth is unwanted. The fabric itself can be made from synthetic or organic materials, sometimes from recycled sources. When placed under a thin layer of soil or mulch, landscape fabric is unfortunately ineffective at blocking weeds because they can grow above or through the fabric. Once weeds grow through the fabric, they become extremely difficult to remove entirely. This fabric prevents nutrients from entering the soil from the surface. Landscape fabric prevents rocks above it from sinking into the soil below which provides a stable surface for pathways or decorative features. Landscape fabric maintains moisture necessary for plant growth in the soil below. See also * Horticultural fleece Horticultural fleece is a thin, nonwoven, polypropylene fabric which is used as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonum Aviculare
''Polygonum aviculare'' or common knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called prostrate knotweed, birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. It is an annual found in fields and wasteland, with white flowers from June to October. It is widespread across many countries in temperate regions, apparently native to Eurasia, naturalized in temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Description Common knotgrass is an annual, low-prostrate herb with semi-erect, branching stems, which forms patches up to about 2 m across as it matures. It has alternate linear-lanceolate leaves which are longer (7-15 mm) on the main stems than on the branches (3-5 mm). The whole plant is hairless and green, although it may appear mealy due to a powdery mildew, which can give the leaves a whitish appearance. The leaves fall early, especially on the main stem. The leaf stalks (petioles) are up to 5 mm long or sometimes absent. Above each leaf there is an ochrea, which is a translucent papery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beet Curly Top Virus
Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family ''Geminiviridae'', containing a single-stranded DNA. The family ''Geminiviridae'' contains 15 genera based on their host range, virus genome structure, and type of insect vector. BCTV is a curtovirus affecting hundreds of plants. The only known vector is the beet leafhopper, which is native to the Western United States. History Beet curly top virus was first discovered in 1888 in the Western parts of the United States. The virus wasn't fully recognized until 1907 when people started to realize that the virus was affecting their crops which led to increasing yield loss. As the BCTV began to surface and multiply within the United States, it affected many states (California, Idaho, Utah, and Washington) located in the Western area. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), many crops were destroyed by the disease and led to considerable economic loss. The BCTV has also been known to affect other cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysiphe Betae
''Erysiphe betae'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It is a form of powdery mildew that can affect crops of sugar beet, that could cause up to a 30% yield loss. The fungus occurs worldwide in all regions where sugar beet is grown and it also infects other edible crops, e.g. beetroot The beetroot (British English) or beet (North American English) is the taproot portion of a ''Beta vulgaris'' subsp. ''vulgaris'' plant in the Conditiva Group. The plant is a root vegetable also known as the table beet, garden beet, dinner bee .... Identification This pathogen is a strict obligated parasite, and therefore can only be identified when ''in planta''. Often to properly identify this pathogen, some form of microscopic analysis is needed when it is only found on one type of plant. This can be done through isolation and observation of cleistothecia, which are the product of sexual reproduction. Disease symptoms * Symptoms appear as dirty white, circular, floury patches on either sides of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungus, fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of Ascomycota, ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as the signs of the causal pathogen are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. This mycelial layer may quickly spread to cover all of the leaves. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant. Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high humidity and moderate temperatures; greenhouses provide an ideal moist, temperate environment for the spread of the disease. This causes harm to agricultural and horticultural practices where powdery mildew may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turf Grass
Sod is the upper layer of turf that is harvested for transplanting. Turf consists of a variable thickness of a soil medium that supports a community of turfgrasses. In British English, British and Australian English, sod is more commonly known as ''turf'', and the word "sod" is limited mainly to agricultural senses. Uses Sod is generally used for lawns, golf courses, and Stadium, sports stadiums around the world. In residential construction, it is sold to landscapers, home builders or home owners who use it to establish a lawn quickly and avoid soil erosion. Sod can be used to repair a small area of lawn, golf course, or athletic field that has died and is used as a quicker alternative to re-growing a lawn from seed. Sod is also effective in increasing cooling, improving air and water quality, and assisting in flood prevention by draining water. Scandinavia has a long history of employing sod roofing and a traditional house type is the Icelandic turf house. In the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphorbia Maculata
''Euphorbia maculata'', known as spotted spurge, prostrate spurge (not to be confused with '' Euphorbia prostrata''), milk purslane, or spotted sandmat, is a fast-growing annual plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to North America, where it is generally considered a common weed, it can be found in disturbed soils such as garden beds, along railroad tracks, and in the cracks of sidewalks. It has become a common introduced species throughout the world, including Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. It grows in sunny locations and a variety of soils, and functions as a pioneer species in ecological succession. The sap of this plant is a mild skin irritant and can cause a rash in some people. The milky sap of plants in genus ''Euphorbia'' is poisonous and considered carcinogenic. Description As originally described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, ''Euphorbia maculata'' is an herbacous plant with small, oblong opposite leaves. The leaves are pilose, or covered in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipule
In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole (botany), petiole). They are primarily found among dicots and rare among monocots. Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species they may be inconspicuous —or sometimes entirely absent, and the leaf is then termed ''exstipulate''. At the other end of the scale are species like ''Artocarpus elasticus'' where the stipules can be up to eight inches (twenty cm) in length. (In some older botanical writing, the term "stipule" was used more generally to refer to any small leaves or leaf-parts, notably prophylls.) The word ''stipule'' was coined by Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus''Concise English Dictionary'' Wordsworth Editions Ltd. 1994, from Latin ''stipula'', straw, stalk. Types of stipules General characteristics The position of stipules on a plant varies widely from species to species, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
