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Polycoccum Anatolicum
''Polycoccum anatolicum'' is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Polycoccaceae. It was described as a new species by Mehmet Gökhan Halici and Hatice Esra Akgül in 2013. The type specimen was collected growing on the thallus of the dust lichen ''Lepraria incana'', which itself was growing on the trunk on a ''Prunus'' species in western Turkey at an altitude of . The specific epithet refers to the type locality in Anatolia. The fungus causes mild bleaching on infected parts of the surface of the host. It is the only species of ''Polycoccum'' known to infect ''Lepraria''. '' Polycoccum dzieduszyckii'' is morphologically similar, but can be distinguished from ''P. anatolicum'' by its eight-spored asci and its growth on ''Verrucaria ''Verrucaria'' is a genus of lichenized (lichen-forming) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by German botanist Heinrich Adolph Schrader in 1794, with '' Verrucaria rupestris'' assigned as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 classes and 19 orders Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polycoccum
''Polycoccum'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Polycoccaceae. It has about 60 species. Species *''Polycoccum acarosporicola'' *''Polycoccum aksoyi'' *''Polycoccum alboatrum'' *'' Polycoccum amygdalariae'' *''Polycoccum anatolicum'' *''Polycoccum atrostriatae'' *'' Polycoccum clauderouxii'' *'' Polycoccum crassum'' *''Polycoccum crespoae'' *''Polycoccum deformans'' *''Polycoccum dictyonematis'' *''Polycoccum dzieduszyckii'' *''Polycoccum epizoharyi'' *''Polycoccum follmannii'' *''Polycoccum heterodermiae'' *''Polycoccum hymeniicola'' *''Polycoccum ibericum'' *''Polycoccum islandicum'' *''Polycoccum kerneri'' *''Polycoccum laursenii'' *''Polycoccum longisporum'' *''Polycoccum marmoratum'' *''Polycoccum microcarpum'' *''Polycoccum microsticticum'' *''Polycoccum nigrosporum'' *''Polycoccum ochvarianum'' *''Polycoccum opulentum'' *''Polycoccum perrugosae'' – host=''Placopsis perrugosa'' *''Polycoccum psorae'' *'' Polycoccum psoromatis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Described In 2013
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trypetheliales
The Trypetheliales are an order of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. Most of the species in the order form lichens, although some are lichenicolous fungi. Trypetheliales contains two families, Polycoccaceae and Trypetheliaceae. The order was circumscribed in 2008 by lichenologists Robert Lücking, André Aptroot, and Harrie Sipman. Families and genera , Species Fungorum accepts 2 families, 25 genera, and 478 species in the Trypetheliales. * Polycoccaceae ::'' Clypeococcum'' – ca. 10 spp. ::'' Polycoccum'' – ca. 60 spp. * Trypetheliaceae ::'' Alloarthopyrenia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Aptrootia'' – 3 spp. ::'' Architrypethelium'' – 8 spp. ::'' Astrothelium'' – ca. 275 spp. ::'' Bathelium'' – 16 spp. ::''Bogoriella'' – 29 spp. ::'' Buscalionia'' – 1 sp. ::''Constrictolumina'' – 9 spp. ::'' Dictyomeridium'' – 7 spp. ::'' Distothelia'' – 3 spp. ::''Laurera'' – 2 spp. ::'' Marcelaria'' – 3 spp. ::'' Musaespora'' – 2 spp. ::''Mycomicrothelia'' – 8 spp. ::'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verrucaria
''Verrucaria'' is a genus of lichenized ( lichen-forming) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by German botanist Heinrich Adolph Schrader in 1794, with ''Verrucaria rupestris'' assigned as the type species. In his brief diagnosis of the genus, Schrader mentioned the more or less spherical (''subglobose''), closed ascomata, and the crustose thallus. The genus name is derived from the Latin word ''verruca'' (meaning "wart") and the suffix ''-aria'' (meaning "belonging to" or "possession"). Ecology As of 2015, there were 16 ''Verrucaria'' species classified as marine species: '' V. adguttata'', '' V. allantoidea'', '' V. ceuthocarpa'', '' V. corallensi'', '' V. ditmarsica'', '' V. erichsenii'', '' V. halizoa'', '' V. halochlora'', '' V. microsporoides'', '' V. paulula'', '' V. psychrophila'', '' V. sandstedei'', '' V. serpuloides'', '' V. sessilis'', '' V. subdiscreta'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward appearance ( shape, structure, colour, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs, i.e. internal morphology (or anatomy). This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function. Morphology is a branch of life science dealing with the study of gross structure of an organism or taxon and its component parts. History The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek (), meaning "form", and (), meaning "word, study, research". While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist and physiologist Karl Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polycoccum Dzieduszyckii
''Polycoccum'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Polycoccaceae. It has about 60 species. Species *'' Polycoccum acarosporicola'' *'' Polycoccum aksoyi'' *''Polycoccum alboatrum'' *'' Polycoccum amygdalariae'' *''Polycoccum anatolicum'' *'' Polycoccum atrostriatae'' *'' Polycoccum clauderouxii'' *''Polycoccum crassum'' *'' Polycoccum crespoae'' *'' Polycoccum deformans'' *''Polycoccum dictyonematis'' *'' Polycoccum dzieduszyckii'' *''Polycoccum epizoharyi'' *'' Polycoccum follmannii'' *''Polycoccum heterodermiae'' *''Polycoccum hymeniicola'' *''Polycoccum ibericum'' *''Polycoccum islandicum'' *''Polycoccum kerneri'' *''Polycoccum laursenii'' *''Polycoccum longisporum'' *''Polycoccum marmoratum'' *''Polycoccum microcarpum'' *''Polycoccum microsticticum'' *'' Polycoccum nigrosporum'' *'' Polycoccum ochvarianum'' *'' Polycoccum opulentum'' *''Polycoccum perrugosae'' – host='' Placopsis perrugosa'' *'' Polycoccum psorae'' *'' Polycoccum pso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepraria
''Lepraria'' is a genus of leprose crustose lichens that grows on its substrate like patches of granular, caked up, mealy dust grains.A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana, James C. Lendemer , Mycologia 103(6): 1216-1229/ref> Members of the genus are List of lichen common names and their genera, commonly called dust lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The main vegetative body (thallus) is made of patches of soredia (little balls of algae wrapped in fungus). There are no known mechanisms for sexual reproduction, yet members of the genus continue to speciate. Some species can form marginal lobes and appear squamulose. Because of the morphological simplicity of the thallus and the absence of sexual structures, the composition of lichen products (i.e., secondary metabolites made by lichens) are important characters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. The eastern border of Anatolia has been held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. By this definition Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. Today, Anatolia is sometimes considered to be synonymous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Locality (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is almos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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