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Polovragi
Polovragi is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Polovragi and Racovița. The commune is located in the northeastern part of Gorj County, from the county seat, Târgu Jiu, on the border with Vâlcea County. National road connects it to Târgu Jiu and Drobeta-Turnu Severin to the west and to Râmnicu Vâlcea to the east. Polovragi is situated in a hilly area at the foot of the Southern Carpathians, at an altitude of . It lies on the banks of the river Olteț, which has its source in the , and carves a -long gorge just to the north of Polovragi village. In the gorge, some above the river, is the , where about 300 horseshoe bats roost. The cave is said to have been home to Zalmoxis, a divinity of the Getae and Dacians; the "Dacian Oven" and "Zalmoxis' Throne" are among the rock formations that can be found here. The was built in 1505 by ktitors Radu Comisul and Pătru Spătaru, the sons of boyar Danciu Zamona. Andruță Ceaușescu (1886� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacian Fortress Of Polovragi
Polovragi was a Dacian fortified town. References * Dr. Gheorghe Calotoiu, Ion Mocioi, Vasile Marinoiu. ''Mărturii arheologice în Gorj'' External links Dr. Gheorghe Calotoiu. ''Pe malul Olteţului, cetatea dacică de la Polovragi'' Notes Dacian fortresses in Gorj County Historic monuments in Gorj County {{Europe-archaeology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorj County
Gorj County () is a county () of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu. ''Gorj'' comes from the Slavic ''Gornji'' Jiu (“upper Jiu”), in contrast with Dolnji (“lower Jiu”). Demographics At the 2011 census, the county had a population of 334,238 and its population density was . * Romanians – over 98% * Roma, others – 2% At the 2021 census, Gorj County had a population of 314,685. Geography Gorj County has a total area of . The North side of the county consists of various mountains from the Southern Carpathians group. In the West there are the Vâlcan Mountains, and in the East there are the Parâng Mountains and the Negoveanu Mountains. The two groups are split by the Jiu River. To the South, the heights decrease through the hills to a high plain at the Western end of the Wallachian Plain. The main river, which collects all the smaller rivers, is the Jiu River; its tributaries include the Tismana, Gilort, and Motru rivers. Neighb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceaușescu Family
Nicolae Ceaușescu, who led Romania from 1965 to 1989, served as General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party. Ceaușescu had a large family, several members of which wielded influence in Communist Romania. Below are given outlines of his immediate family members' lives, with links to those who have separate articles about them. Nicolae's father was Andruță Ceaușescu (1886–1969), the descendant of a family of shepherds from Polovragi, in Gorj County."La taifas - Nepotul..." Andruță owned a modest house in Scornicești, Olt County. A supporter of Ion Mihalache and the Peasants' Party, he was for a while mayor of Scornicești. After the fall and execution of Nicolae, some people from Scornicești claimed Andruță used to beat his wife and children,"Clanul - Arborele genealogic..." while the Romanian media alleged that he was an alcoholic. Nicolae's mother was Alexandrina (''née'' Lixandra Militaru) (1888–1977), descendant of an officer in Tudor Vladimirescu's army. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olteț
The Olteț is a right tributary of the river Olt in Romania. It discharges into the Olt in Fălcoiu. Its total length is , and its drainage basin area is . Towns and villages The following towns and villages are situated along the river Olteț, from source to mouth: Polovragi, Alimpești, Alunu, Sinești, Livezi, Zătreni, Bălcești, Laloșu, Morunglav, Balș, Bârza, Pârșcoveni, Osica de Sus, Fălcoiu, Diculești, Băbeni-Oltețu. Tributaries The following rivers are tributaries to the river Olteț (from source to mouth): *Left: Urlieșu, Dracu, Cujba, Lespezi, Savu, Pârâul Rău, Tărâia, Tulburea, Budele, Șasa, Cerna, Laloș, Bârlui, Balta Dascălului *Right: Ungurel, Cornățel, Valea Iezerului, Obislav, Peșteana, Aninoasa, Călui, Valea Românei, Geamărtălui, Voineasa Mare, Pârâul Roșu, Bobu Archeological sites Grăunceanu site in the Olteț River Valley is currently the oldest place where presence of hominins have been discovere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalmoxis
Zalmoxis is a divinity of the Getae and Dacians (a people of the lower Danube), mentioned by Herodotus in his ''Histories'' Book IV, 93–96, written before 425 BC. Said to have been so called from the bear's skin (ζάλμος) in which he was clothed as soon as he was born. According to Jordanes' ''Getica'', he was a learned philosopher, before whom two other learned men existed, by the names of Zeuta and Deceneus. Herodotus Herodotus writes about Zalmoxis in book 4 of his ''Histories'': 93. ... the Getae are the bravest of the Thracians and the most just. 94. They believe they are immortal forever living in the following sense: they think they do not die and that the one who dies joins Zalmoxis, a divine being; some call this same divine being Gebeleizis. Every four years, they send a messenger to Zalmoxis, who is chosen by chance. They ask him to tell Zalmoxis what they want on that occasion. The mission is performed in the following way: men standing there for tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurnalul Național
''Jurnalul Național'' is a Romanian newspaper, part of the INTACT Media Group led by Dan Voiculescu, which also includes the popular television station Antena 1. The newspaper was launched in 1993. Its headquarters is in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc .... The newspaper had a circulation of 30,000 copies, one of the highest circulation of any newspaper in Romania. References External links * 1993 establishments in Romania Newspapers published in Bucharest Newspapers established in 1993 Romanian-language newspapers {{romania-newspaper-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolae Ceaușescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu ( ; ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last Communism, communist leader of Socialist Romania, Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 until Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu, his execution in 1989. Widely regarded as a dictator, he was the country's head of state from 1967 to 1989, serving as President of the State Council of Romania, State Council from 1967 and as the first President of Romania, president from 1974. He was overthrown and executed in the Romanian Revolution on 25 December 1989 along with his wife Elena Ceaușescu, as part of a series of Anti-communism, anti-communist uprisings in Eastern Europe that year. Born in 1918 in Scornicești, Ceaușescu was a member of the Romanian Communist youth movement. He was arrested in 1939 and sentenced for "conspiracy against social order", spending the time during World War II in prisons and internment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans. Comparable to Dukes/Grand Dukes, Boyars were second only to the ruling princes, grand princes or tsars from the 10th to the 17th centuries. Etymology Also known as ''bolyar''; variants in other languages include or ; , , ; , ; and . The title Boila is predecessor or old form of the title Bolyar (the Bulgarian word for Boyar). Boila was a title worn by some of the Bulgar aristocrats (mostly of regional governors and noble warriors) in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018). The plural form of boila ("noble"), ''bolyare'' is attested in Bulgar inscriptions and rendered as ''boilades'' or ''boliades'' in the Greek of Byzantine documents. Multiple different derivation theories of the word have been suggested by scholars and linguists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ktetor
''Ktetor'' () or ''ktitor'' (; ka, ქტიტორი ; ), meaning 'founder', is a title given in the Middle Ages to the provider of funds for construction or reconstruction of an Eastern Orthodox church or monastery, for the addition of icons, frescos, and other works of art. It was used in the Byzantine sphere. A Catholic equivalent of the term is ''donator''. At the time of founding, the ktetor often issued typika, and was illustrated on fresco Fresco ( or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting become ...es ("ktetor portrait"). The female form is () or ''ktitoritsa'' (). Sources * * History of Eastern Orthodoxy Philanthropy Culture of the Byzantine Empire Greek words and phrases {{Orthodoxy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacians
The Dacians (; ; ) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area includes mainly the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of Ukraine, Moravian Banovina, Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Southern Poland. The Dacians and the related Getae spoke the Dacian language, which has a debated relationship with the neighbouring Thracian language and may be a subgroup of it. Dacians were somewhat culturally influenced by the neighbouring Scythians and by the Celtic invasion of the Balkans, Celtic invaders of the 4th century BC. Name and etymology Name The Dacians were known as ''Geta'' (plural ''Getae'') in Ancient Greek writings, and as ''Dacus'' (plural ''Daci'') or ''Getae'' in Roman Empire, Roman documents, but also as ''Dagae'' and ''Gaete'' as depicted on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Getae
The Getae or Getai ( or , also Getans) were a large nation who inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania, throughout much of Classical Antiquity. The main source of information about the Getae are Greek and Roman chroniclers, who write that the Getae were closely related to the neighbouring Thracians to the south and Dacians to the north. Cassius Dio writes that the Getae are the same people as the Dacians, Getae being the Greek name for the Dacians. Modern scholars continue to debate the details of these relationships. The Getae first appear in historical records as fierce opponents of the Scythian campaign of Darius I, Persian invasion in 513 BC, as described by the early Greek historian Herodotus. They faded out of historical records during the Roman Empire, when many appear to have become Romans, and others north of the Danube were gradually overwhelmed by other peoples moving from the north and east tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horseshoe Bat
Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae. In addition to the single living genus, ''Rhinolophus'', which has about 106 species, the extinct genus '' Palaeonycteris'' has been recognized. Horseshoe bats are closely related to the Old World leaf-nosed bats, family Hipposideridae, which have sometimes been included in Rhinolophidae. The horseshoe bats are divided into six subgenera and many species groups. The most recent common ancestor of all horseshoe bats lived 34–40 million years ago, though it is unclear where the geographic roots of the family are, and attempts to determine its biogeography have been indecisive. Their taxonomy is complex, as genetic evidence shows the likely existence of many cryptic species, as well as species recognized as distinct that may have little genetic divergence from previously recognized taxa. They are found in the Old World, mostly in tropical or subtropical areas, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Horseshoe bats a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
