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Politizolator
Politizolators ( (singular); abbreviation for "political isolator") were special prisons in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union to incarcerate political opponents of the Bolsheviks: Social Revolutionaries, mensheviks, Zionists, and anarchists, etc., as well as members of the Left Opposition within the Bolshevik Party itself. History The first ''politisolator'' was established in 1921 by conversion of the Vladimir Central Prison.Игорь Закурдаев, ''Владимирский Централ - история Владимирской тюрьмы'', 2013,p.87/ref> Initially they were subordinated to GPU NKVD RSFSR, unlike other prisons, which were subordinated to ГУМЗ НКВД (State Directorate of the Places of Incarceration of NKVD). Under a separate subordination at that time was the infamous Solovki prison camp established in 1923, which also held political prisoners. Over time the subordination changed; these changes were poorly documented. References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Russia
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was a socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic . Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. The Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD Special Prison
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) secret police organization, and thus had a monopoly on intelligence and state security functions. The NKVD is known for carrying out political repression and the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin, as well as counterintelligence and other operations on the Eastern Front of World War II. The head of the NKVD was Genrikh Yagoda from 1934 to 1936, Nikolai Yezhov from 1936 to 1938, Lavrentiy Beria from 1938 to 1946, and Sergei Kruglov in 1946. First established in 1917 as the NKVD of the Russian SFSR, the ministry was tasked with regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, and its functions dispersed among other agencies before being reinstated as a commissariat of the Soviet Union in 1934. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
