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Political Union Of Economists
The Political Union of Economists (), abbreviated to TPA, was a centre-left political party in Latvia during the 1990s. It was strongly pro-economic liberalisation. It was founded in February 1994, and was led by Edvīns Kibe. The party was founded as an eight-deputy split from Harmony for Latvia after the 1993 election; the other part became the left-wing National Harmony Party. The TPA joined the coalition government led by Māris Gailis in September 1994, after Latvian Way refused to increase agricultural tariffs. In the 1995 election, the party won 1.5% of the vote: failing to cross the 5% election threshold The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of votes that a candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various w ... to win any seats. References Defunct political parties in Latvia Political parties established in 1994 1994 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centre-left
Centre-left politics is the range of left-wing political ideologies that lean closer to the political centre. Ideologies commonly associated with it include social democracy, social liberalism, progressivism, and green politics. Ideas commonly supported by the centre-left include welfare capitalism, social justice, liberal internationalism, and multiculturalism. Economically, the centre-left supports a mixed economy in a democratic capitalist system, often including economic interventionism, progressive taxation, and the right to unionize. Centre-left politics are contrasted with far-left politics that reject capitalism or advocate revolution. The centre-left developed with the rest of the left–right political spectrum in 18th and 19th century France, where the centre-left included those who supported transfer of powers from the monarchy to parliament or endorsed moderate republicanism. Early progressivism and left liberalism evolved in the late-19th and early- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9million. The country has a Temperate climate, temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 65.5% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian language, Latvian. Russians in Latvia, Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian language, Russian as their native tongue. After centuries of State of the Teutonic Order, Teutonic, Swedish Livonia, Swedish, Inflanty Voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic Liberalisation
Economic liberalization, or economic liberalisation, is the lessening of government regulations and restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private entities. In politics, the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism and neoliberalism. Liberalization in short is "the removal of controls" to encourage economic development. Many countries have pursued and followed the path of economic liberalization in the 1980s, 1990s and in the 21st century, with the stated goal of maintaining or increasing their competitiveness as business environments. Liberalization policies may or often include the partial or complete privatization of government institutions and state-owned assets, greater labour market flexibility, lower tax rates for businesses, less restrictions on both domestic and foreign capital, open markets, etc. In support of liberalization, former British prime minister Tony Blair wrote: "Success will go to those companies and countries which are s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edvīns Kibe
Edvīns is a Latvian masculine given name which may refer to: *Edvīns Bārda (1900–1947), Latvian footballer and manager *Edvīns Bietags (1908–1983), Latvian wrestler *Edvīns Ķeņģis (born 1959), Latvian chess Grandmaster * Edvīns Ozolinš (born 1939), Soviet Latvian track and field athlete, coach and Olympic medalist *Edvīns Šnore (born 1974), Latvian film director *Edvīns Zāģeris (born 1943), Latvian hurdler See also *Edvin Edvin is a male given name. In the Balkans, Edvin is popular among Bosniaks and Croats in the former Yugoslav nations. It is also popular among Albanians and Bulgarians. The name is a modification to the name Edwin, and it holds the same meanin ... {{given name Latvian masculine given names Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmony For Latvia
The National Harmony Party ( Latvian: ''Tautas Saskaņas partija'', TSP; ) was a political party in Latvia. The party identified with social democracy. It supported further liberalisation of Latvian nationality law by granting citizenship to non-citizens who had lived in Latvia for at least 10 years. (The present law only allows Soviet-era migrants to apply for citizenship through a process of naturalization). It also supported expanding education in minority languages, particularly Russian. History The roots of the TSP lay within the moderate wing of Popular Front of Latvia, the Latvian independence movement of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Its leader, Jānis Jurkāns, was the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of newly re-independent Latvia, from 1990 to 1992 when he had to leave the government for his stance on relations with Russia. Together with other activists, Jurkāns founded the Harmony for Latvia (''Saskaņa Latvijai - Atdzimšana Tautsaimniecībai'') alliance, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Latvian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 5 and 6 June 1993,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 the first after independence was restored in 1991. Latvian Way emerged as the largest party in the Saeima, winning 36 of the 100 seats. A total of 23 parties participated in the elections, although only eight received 4% or more of votes and won seats. Voter turnout was 91.2%, the highest in the country's history. Only 66–75% of Latvian residents were citizens and qualified to vote, with the majority of those not able to vote being Russian. Results Aftermath A coalition minority government was formed between Latvian Way and the Latvian Farmers' Union. However, the coalition only commanded the support of 48 out of the 100 MPs, meaning that it was heavily reliant on opposition parties to ensure a parliamentary majority. References {{Latvian elections Parliamentary elections in Latvia Parliamentary Latvia Latvia Latv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Harmony Party
The National Harmony Party ( Latvian: ''Tautas Saskaņas partija'', TSP; ) was a political party in Latvia. The party identified with social democracy. It supported further liberalisation of Latvian nationality law by granting citizenship to non-citizens who had lived in Latvia for at least 10 years. (The present law only allows Soviet-era migrants to apply for citizenship through a process of naturalization). It also supported expanding education in minority languages, particularly Russian. History The roots of the TSP lay within the moderate wing of Popular Front of Latvia, the Latvian independence movement of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Its leader, Jānis Jurkāns, was the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of newly re-independent Latvia, from 1990 to 1992 when he had to leave the government for his stance on relations with Russia. Together with other activists, Jurkāns founded the Harmony for Latvia (''Saskaņa Latvijai - Atdzimšana Tautsaimniecībai'') alliance, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māris Gailis
Māris Gailis (born 9 July 1951) is a Latvian businessman and former politician. He is the former prime minister of Latvia, an office he held from September 1994 to December 1995. In the government of the Prime Minister Valdis Birkavs, Gailis became a Minister of State Reform; in the government of the Prime Minister Andris Šķēle, he was the Minister of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. As a member of the right-wing liberal political party Latvian Way, he was elected in the 5th Saeima and 6th Saeima. He led a round-the-globe expedition on the yacht ''Milda'' from 2001 to 2003. Education From 1967 to 1969 he studied at Riga Secondary School No. 1. Afterwards, he enrolled in Riga Polytechnical Institute, where he studied at the Faculty of Electric Energy from 1969 to 1971. Later, he transferred to the Faculty of Engineering and Mechanics and graduated in 1978 after achieving a degree in engineering sciences. He interrupted his studies from 1971 until 1973 due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvian Way
Latvian Way () was a Conservative liberalism, conservative-liberal List of political parties in Latvia, political party in Latvia. It merged with Latvia's First Party to form the Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way (LPP/LC) in 2007. It described itself as "a liberal party defending people's freedom to shape their own lives". Latvian Way was a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party. History Latvian Way was founded on 25 September 1993, by a group of former activists of Popular Front of Latvia and Latvian exiles who had returned to Latvia after it regained independence. In its first election in 1993, Latvian Way won 32.4% of popular vote and became the leading party in a coalition government. Later, its popularity declined, with 14.6% of votes in 1995 election and 18.0% in 1998. Despite that, Latvian Way remained a powerful force in Latvian politics and was part of every coalition governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariff
A tariff or import tax is a duty (tax), duty imposed by a national Government, government, customs territory, or supranational union on imports of goods and is paid by the importer. Exceptionally, an export tax may be levied on exports of goods or raw materials and is paid by the exporter. Besides being a source of revenue, import duties can also be a form of regulation of International trade, foreign trade and policy that burden foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry. Protective tariffs are among the most widely used instruments of protectionism, along with import quotas and export quotas and other non-tariff barriers to trade. Tariffs can be fixed (a constant sum per unit of imported goods or a percentage of the price) or variable (the amount varies according to the price). Tariffs on imports are designed to raise the price of imported goods to discourage consumption. The intention is for citizens to buy local products instead, which, according to support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Latvian Parliamentary Election ...
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 30 September and 1 October 1995.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 The Democratic Party "Saimnieks" emerged as the largest party in the Saeima, winning 18 of the 100 seats. Results Aftermath Both parties of government, Latvian Way and Latvian Farmers' Union were punished by the voters, losing a substantial number of seats. With no party able to form a working majority, a new government was formed led by independent Andris Šķēle. References {{Latvian elections Parliamentary elections in Latvia Latvia Parliamentary In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of votes that a candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways; for example, in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In single transferable voting, the election threshold is called the quota, and it is possible to achieve it by receiving first-choice votes alone or by a combination of first-choice votes and votes transferred from other candidates based on lower preferences. In mixed-member-proportional (MMP) systems, the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for top-up seats in the legislative chamber. Some MMP systems still allow a party to retain the seats they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
