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Political Repression In Ethiopia
According to the U.S. Department of State's human rights report for 2022, there exists "significant human rights issues" in Ethiopia. In addition to extrajudicial killings and instances of "enforced disappearance", other human right issues in Ethiopia include arbitrary arrest, the censorship and unjustified arrests of journalists, the use of child soldiers, and more. Reports of human rights violations within the country have been levied at the federal government of Ethiopia, and by various militant groups and regional militias; including the Tigray People's Liberation Front. History During Emperor Haile Selassie's reign, laws began to be systematically codified, allowing for the enactment of Ethiopia's first two constitutions: the Constitution of 1931 and the Revised Constitution of the Empire of Ethiopia of 1955, as well as six Codes that remain fundamental to Ethiopia's laws today. However, both the 1931 Constitution and the 1955 Constitution systematized the power of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party
The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) (), informally known as Ihapa (), is the first modern political party in Ethiopia. Established in April 1972, it aimed to turn Ethiopia into a democratic republic. Both the EPRP and another party, the All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (MEISON) were enthusiastic supporters of the student-led 1974 Ethiopian Revolution that eventually led to the toppling of Emperor Haile Selassie and abolishing the monarchy the following year. However, following the rise of Mengistu Haile Mariam to power as leader of the ruling Derg, the military junta that had taken control of Ethiopia, ideological conflict developed between the various groups. History The EPRP was founded under the name Ethiopian People's Liberation Organization (EPLO) in April 1972 in West Berlin, West Germany, by exiled Ethiopian students and with the assistance of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.Gebru Tareke, ''The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Hor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Ethiopian Anti-Terrorism Act
On 7 July 2009, Ethiopia passed Anti-Terrorism Legislation Proclamation 652/2009. The law has been controversial due to its promulgation. Proponent argued that the law is necessary to combat terrorism as ordinary laws inadequately enforced in accordance with United Nations Security Council resolution 1373 in 2001. Opponent argued the law dismissed fundamental rights, and used to justification of crackdowns against dissents and oppositions by the government. 2013 debate In August 2013, a debate panel was held regarding the law application whether it needed or contentious issue. One of the issues that was raised in the debate was the rationale to pass the law. The ruling party Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF; ) was an ethnic federalist political coalition in Ethiopia that existed from 1989 to 2019. It consisted of four political parties: Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), Amhara ... (EPRDF) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Election Board Of Ethiopia
The National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) () is an autonomous federal government agency which supervises the national elections of Ethiopia. The NEBE was established by Proclamation number 64/1992, and answers to the House of Peoples' Representatives. Melatework Hailu has been the current chairperson of NEBE since 19 December 2023. History NEBE was established in 1991 subsequently appointing Kemal Bedri as its founding chairman. The agency would preside over the 1992 local elections as well as the 1994 Ethiopian Constituent Assembly election. The election board was however made official by Article 102 of the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. Article 102Election Board 1. There shall be established a National Election Board independent of any influence, to conduct in an impartial manner free and fair election in Federal and State constituencies. 2. Members of the Board shall be appointed by the House of Peoples' Representatives upon recommendation of the Prime Minister. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birtukan Mideksa
Birtukan Mideksa (Amharic: ብርቱካን ሚደቅሳ; born 27 April 1974) is an Ethiopian politician and former judge who has served as chairwoman of the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) from 2018 to 2023. She was the founder and leader of the opposition Unity for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) party from 2008 to 2010. On 26 June 2023, Birtukan announced that she would resign from her post as NEBE chairperson effective on 7 August. Early life and education Birtukan Mideksa was born in Addis Ababa. She attended Miazia 23 missionary elementary school and later the Yekatit 12 secondary school also known as Etege Menen School. After graduating from high school, she attended Addis Ababa University where she graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.). In 2014, Birtukan received Master of Arts (M.A.) in Public Administration from Harvard University. She is the mother of a daughter named Haale Mideksa who was born in 2005. Professional career Birtukan started her career as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Ministers (Ethiopia)
The Council of Ministers is the cabinet of the Government of Ethiopia The government of Ethiopia () is the federal government of Ethiopia. It is structured in a framework of a federal republic, federal parliamentary system, parliamentary republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, prime minister is the hea .... Under the Constitution of Ethiopia, the Council of Ministers is the country's executive body. History Meles cabinets * Council of Ministers of Meles Zenawi (2005–2012) Hailemariam cabinets * Council of Ministers of Hailemariam Desalegn (2012–2018) Abiy cabinets * Council of Ministers of Abiy Ahmed (2018–present) Current cabinet As of 6 October 2021 and/or the dates of the sources listed in the entries below, the cabinet is listed below. The history of the Abiy Ahmed cabinets is at Council of Ministers of Abiy Ahmed. Cabinet-level officials The Prime Minister may appoint additional positions to be members of the Cabinet; References Sources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eritrean–Ethiopian War
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War, also known as the Badme War, was a major armed conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea that took place from May 6, 1998 to June 18, 2000. After 1993 Eritrean independence referendum, Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993, relations were initially friendly. However, disagreements about where the newly created international border should be caused relations to deteriorate significantly, eventually leading to full-scale war. The conflict was the biggest war in the world at the time, with over 500,000 troops partaking in the fighting on both sides. Eritrea and Ethiopia both spent considerable amount of their revenue and wealth on the armament ahead of the war, and reportedly suffered between 70,000–300,000 deaths combined as a direct consequence thereof.Tens of thousandEritrea: Final deal with EthiopiaBBC 4 December 2000 Eritrea orders Westerners in UN mission out in 10 days International Herald Tribune, 7 December 2005 600,000 people were di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abiy Ahmed
Abiy Ahmed Ali (; ; born 15 August 1976) is an Ethiopian politician who is the current Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018 and the leader of the Prosperity Party since 2019. He rose through the ranks of government via the Information Network Security Agency (INSA), which was established in 2006. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict, border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea". Abiy served as the third chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) that governed Ethiopia for 28 years and the first person of Oromo people, Oromo descent to hold that position. Abiy is a member of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly, Ethiopian parliament, and was a member of the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), one of the then four coalition parties of the EPRDF, until its rule ceased in 2019 and he formed his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Ethiopian General Election
General elections were held in Ethiopia on 7 and 18 May 1995 for seats in its Council of People's Representatives; elections in the Afar Region, Afar, Somali Region, Somali, and Harari Regions were delayed until 28 June to assign experienced personnel who could solve possible conflicts and irregularities. This was the first regular multi-party election in Ethiopian history, and the first election since the adoption of Constitution of Ethiopia, a permanent constitution the previous December. Several opposition parties boycotted the election,"Monthly Situation Report for Ethiopia: May 1995" UNDP-EUE (accessed 19 January 2009) including the All-Amhara People's Organization, Council of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy in Ethiopia, and Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party. Background < ...
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Transitional Government Of Ethiopia
The Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) was an era established immediately after the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) seized power from the Marxist-Leninist People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) in 1991. During the transitional period, Meles Zenawi served as the president of the TGE while Tamrat Layne was prime minister. Among other major shifts in the country's political institutions, it was under the authority of the TGE that the realignment of provincial boundaries on the basis of ethnolinguistic identity occurred. The TGE was in power until 1995, when it transitioned into the reconstituted Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that remains today. Background In May 1991, the PDRE (1987-1991) was overthrown by forces consisting of the TPLF and the TPLF-controlled EPRDF with the promise that a recognition of human rights, democracy, the liberalization of the economic sector, and political rehabilitation were soon to follow. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal Declaration Of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the Human rights, rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a UN Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as United Nations General Assembly Resolution 217, Resolution 217 during Third session of the United Nations General Assembly, its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the 58 members of the United Nations at the time, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstentions, abstained, and two did not vote. A foundational text in the History of human rights, history of human and civil rights, the Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1983–1985 Famine In Ethiopia
A widespread Famines in Ethiopia, famine affected Ethiopia from 1983 to 1985. The worst famine to hit the country in a century, it affected 7.75 million people (out of Ethiopia's 38–40 million) or 1/5 of the population and left approximately 300,000 to 1.2 million dead. 2.5 million people were internally displaced whereas 400,000 refugees left Ethiopia. Almost 200,000 children were orphaned. According to Human Rights Watch, more than half its mortality could be attributed to "human rights abuses causing the famine to come earlier, strike harder and extend further than would otherwise have been the case". According to the United States Agency for International Development, "in the fall of 1984, the hardest hit regions were Tigray, Wollo, and Eritrea – areas with extremely limited road and transportation networks. Moreover, these regions were the scenes of longstanding anti-government rebellions which created precarious security situations." Other areas of Derg, Ethi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
