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Polish Withdrawal From The European Union
A Polish withdrawal from the European Union, or Polexit (a portmanteau of "Poland" and "exit"), is the name given to a hypothetical Polish withdrawal from the European Union. The term was coined after Brexit, the process of Britain's withdrawal from the EU which took place between 2016 and 2020. Opinion polls held in the country, between 2016 and 2021, indicated majority support for continued membership of the European Union (EU). A 2022 survey indicated that " tleast eight-in-ten adults in Poland" believed that the EU "promotes peace, democratic values and prosperity". The 2023 Polish parliamentary election was won by a coalition of predominantly pro-EU parties. History Poland joined the European Union in 2004 through the Treaty of Accession 2003. At the time the EU included fifteen countries, mostly from Western, Northern and Southern Europe (see the Maastricht Treaty); the Treaty of Accession 2003 would accept ten more, mostly from Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic S ...
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2016 United Kingdom European Union Membership Referendum
The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum, took place on 23 June 2016 in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country should remain a member of, or leave, the European Union (EU). It was organised and facilitated through the European Union Referendum Act 2015 and the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000. The referendum resulted in 51.9% of the votes cast being in favour of leaving the EU. Although the referendum was legally non-binding, the government of the time promised to implement the result. Membership of the EU had long been a topic of debate in the United Kingdom. The country joined the European Communities (EC), principally the European Economic Community (EEC) or Common Market, the forerunner to the European Union, in 1973, along with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or E ...
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Rule Of Law
The rule of law is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders. The rule of law is defined in the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' as "the mechanism, process, institution, practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonarbitrary form of government, and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power." The term ''rule of law'' is closely related to constitutionalism as well as '' Rechtsstaat'' and refers to a political situation, not to any specific legal rule. Use of the phrase can be traced to 16th-century Britain. In the following century, the Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherford employed it in arguing against the divine right of kings. John Locke wrote that freedom in society means being subject only to laws made by a legislature that apply to everyone, with a person being otherwise free from both governmental and ...
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European Court Of Justice
The European Court of Justice (ECJ, french: Cour de Justice européenne), formally just the Court of Justice, is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all Member state of the European Union, EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per Member state of the European Union, member state – currently – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015. The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of European Union law, Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but ra ...
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Polish Judicial Disciplinary Panel Law
The Polish Supreme Court Disciplinary Chamber law is legislation that defines conduct standards for the majority of Polish judiciary, namely the common and military courts and the Supreme Court, albeit excluding the administrative courts and the tribunals. It was enacted by the Sejm (223 to 205) on 20 December 2019. Standards The bill establishes the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court and empowers it to common, military and Supreme Court justices who engage in "political activity", including questioning the political independence of the panel. Punishments may include a fine, reduction of salary, or termination from their position. In comparison with other chambers, the law curbs the powers of the First President of the Supreme Court in regard to the Disciplinary Chamber in favor of the President of the Chamber, making it effectively “an autonomous body which only nominally is within the structure of the Supreme Court”. The law also changed the manner in which the he ...
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National Council Of The Judiciary (Poland)
The National Council of the Judiciary ( pl, Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa) is the national council of the judiciary of Poland. It is a public body in Poland responsible for nominating judges and reviewing ethical complaints against sitting jurists. Establishment and composition The National Council of the Judiciary is a constitutional organ appointed to safeguard the independence of courts and judges. It is a collective organ, composed of representatives of the judiciary (the First President of the Supreme Court, the President of the High Administrative Court and 15 representatives of the judiciary's self-governments appointed for a four-year term of office), the legislative (four deputies and two senators chosen for a four-year term of office) and the executive (the Minister of Justice and an individual appointed by the President of the Republic). The Council presents the President with motions concerning the appointment of judges; it deals with judiciary's staff matters, and expresses ...
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2015 Polish Constitutional Court Crisis
Fifteen or 15 may refer to: * 15 (number), the natural number following 14 and preceding 16 *one of the years 15 BC, AD 15, 1915, 2015 Music *Fifteen (band), a punk rock band Albums * ''15'' (Buckcherry album), 2005 * ''15'' (Ani Lorak album), 2007 * ''15'' (Phatfish album), 2008 * ''15'' (mixtape), a 2018 mixtape by Bhad Bhabie * ''Fifteen'' (Green River Ordinance album), 2016 * ''Fifteen'' (The Wailin' Jennys album), 2017 * ''Fifteen'', a 2012 album by Colin James Songs * "Fifteen" (song), a 2008 song by Taylor Swift *"Fifteen", a song by Harry Belafonte from the album ''Love Is a Gentle Thing'' *"15", a song by Rilo Kiley from the album ''Under the Blacklight'' *"15", a song by Marilyn Manson from the album ''The High End of Low'' *"The 15th", a 1979 song by Wire Other uses *Fifteen, Ohio, a community in the United States * ''15'' (film), a 2003 Singaporean film * ''Fifteen'' (TV series), international release name of ''Hillside'', a Canadian-American teen drama *Fi ...
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Euractiv
Euractiv (styled EURACTIV) is a pan-European news website specialised in EU policies, founded in 1999 by the French media publisher Christophe Leclercq. Its headquarters and central editorial staff are located in Brussels,with further offices in Paris and Berlin. Its content is produced by about 50 journalists staffed in Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia. EURACTIV's reporting focuses on the pre-legislative stage of EU decision-making, with up to 2,750 articles translated per year. In addition to EURACTIV's editorial team, the company has established partnerships with media outlets such as Der Tagesspiegel, Agencia EFE and Ouest-France. EURACTIV has diversified sources of funding, as the company seeks private and public revenues to run its business. In 2019, about a fifth of EURACTIV's income came from public sources, including the EU. Other sources of revenue are advertising and corporate sponsoring. Ke ...
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Deputy Marshal Of The Sejm
Deputy Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Wicemarszałek Sejmu RP) is a person elected to preside over Sejm (Polish lower chamber of parliament) sessions when the Sejm Marshal is not presiding. Throughout the course of the Third Republic, there have always been several Deputy marshals, usually elected from some or all of the various parliamentary caucuses, rather than from the Government majority (although governing parties always have a majority in the Sejm Presidium, which is composed of the Marshal and Deputy Marshals). Third Republic 9th term (2019-present) * Włodzimierz Czarzasty (Democratic Left Alliance) * Małgorzata Gosiewska (Law and Justice) * Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska (Civic Platform) * Ryszard Terlecki (Law and Justice) * Piotr Zgorzelski (Polish People's Party) Under Marshal Elżbieta Witek 8th term (2015-2019) * Małgorzata Gosiewska (Law and Justice) since 12 June 2019 * Beata Mazurek (Law and Justice) 9 January 2018 - 4 June 2019 * Joach ...
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Ryszard Terlecki
Ryszard Iwon Terlecki (born 2 September 1949) is a Polish politician, the Parliamentary Caucus Head of the Law and Justice party. Terlecki, a historian and professor of humanities, lectures at the Pontifical University of John Paul II. He is a member of the Sejm, serving since 2007. In September 2021 Terlecki said that the PIS party wants to remain in the EU and have a cooperative relationship, but that the EU 'should be acceptable to us.'with him furthering said 'If things go the way they are likely to go, we will have to search for drastic solutions,' he warned. 'The British showed that the dictatorship of the Brussels bureaucracy did not suit them and turned around and left,'. This led to some people saying Terlecki called for a Polexit. Personal life He is the son of writer and journalist Olgierd Terlecki who was a secret collaborator of the Security Service in PRL for 35 years, and his wife Janina. In his youth, he was a participant in the hippie movement The hippie s ...
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Do Rzeczy
''Do Rzeczy'' (, lit. ''To the point'') is a Polish-language conservative and liberal weekly news and political magazine published in Warsaw, Poland. It often promotes the PIS party narrative. History and profile ''Do Rzeczy'' was established in January 2013 by Paweł Lisicki and a group of journalists who previously worked for the weekly magazine '' Uważam Rze''. The magazine is published on a weekly basis and has its headquarters in Warsaw. It has a Christian and conservative- liberal stance. Paweł Lisicki is also editor-in-chief of ''Do Rzeczy'', which provides articles on political news. See also * List of magazines in Poland The following is a list of notable current and defunct magazines in Poland. In the country, there are also English-language magazines in addition to those published in Polish.
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Primacy Of European Union Law
The primacy of European Union law (sometimes referred to as supremacy or precedence of European law) is a legal principle establishing precedence of European Union law over conflicting national laws of EU member states. The principle was derived from an interpretation of the European Court of Justice, which ruled that European law has priority over any contravening national law, including the constitution of a member state itself. For the European Court of Justice, national courts and public officials must disapply a national norm that they consider not to be compliant with the EU law. The majority of national courts have generally recognized and accepted this principle, except for the part where European law outranks a member state's constitution. As a result, national constitutional courts have also reserved the right to review the conformity of EU law with national constitutional law. Some countries provide that if national and EU law contradict, courts and public officials ...
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