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Polish Judicial Disciplinary Panel Law
The Polish Supreme Court Disciplinary Chamber Law is legislation that defines conduct standards for the majority of the Polish Judiciary, namely the common and military courts and the Supreme Court, excluding the administrative courts and tribunals. It was enacted by the Sejm 223 votes to 205, on 20 December 2019. The Law was highly controversial leading to large scale protests and later fines by the EU due to its illegality within the union. Background The bill was born as a continuation of the legislation following the 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis, further exerting political control on the courts. Overview of the law The law established the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court and empowers it to common, military and Supreme Court justices who engage in "political activity", including questioning the political independence of the panel. Punishments may include a fine, reduction of salary, or termination from their position. In comparison with other chambers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judiciary Of Poland
The judiciary of Poland ( ) are the authorities exercising the judicial power of the Polish state on the basis of Chapter 8 of the Constitution of Poland. As in almost all countries of continental Europe, the Polish judiciary operates within the framework of civil law. The Constitution formally divides the judiciary into the courts () and the tribunals (). The courts process the vast majority of cases and are tasked with administering justice (). Administrative courts () review complaints challenging the legality of administrative proceedings. Military courts () serve as criminal courts for the military. All other cases (including cases where jurisdiction is not specifically mentioned) are processed in common courts (). The Supreme Court is the court of last resort in all non-administrative cases, but is technically distinct from the common or military courts; the Supreme Administrative Court is the top court for administrative matters. Everyone has a guaranteed right to ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Council
The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body (directorial system) and a symbolic collective head of state, that defines the overall political direction and general priorities of the European Union (EU). It is composed of the heads of state or Head of government, of government of the Member state of the European Union, EU member states, the president of the European Council, and the president of the European Commission. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also takes part in its meetings. Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the Coming into force, commencement of the Treaty of Lisbon. Its current president is António Costa, former Prime Minister of Portugal, prime minister of Portugal. Scope While the European Council has no legislative power, it is a strategic (and crisis-solving) body that provides the union with general political directions and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controversies In Poland
Controversy (, ) is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin ''controversia'', as a composite of ''controversus'' – "turned in an opposite direction", and also means an exercise in rhetoric practiced in Rome. Legal In the theory of law, a controversy differs from a legal case; while legal cases include all suits, criminal as well as civil, a controversy is a purely civil proceeding. For example, the Case or Controversy Clause of Article Three of the United States Constitution ( Section 2, Clause 1) states that "the judicial Power shall extend ... to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party". This clause has been deemed to impose a requirement that United States federal courts are not permitted to cases that do not pose an actual controversy—that is, an actual dispute between adverse parties which is capable of being resolved by the our ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019 In Poland
Events of 2019 in Poland. Incumbents * President – Andrzej Duda (independent, supported by Law and Justice) * Prime Minister – Mateusz Morawiecki (Law and Justice) * Marshal of the Sejm – Marek Kuchciński (Law and Justice) (until 9 August), Elżbieta Witek (Law and Justice) (since 9 August) * Marshal of the Senate – Stanisław Karczewski (Law and Justice) (until 11 November), Tomasz Grodzki (Civic Platform) (since 12 November) Events January *January 4 – Koszalin escape room fire *January 13 – Paweł Adamowicz, the mayor of Gdańsk, is stabbed during a live charity event in Gdańsk by a former inmate, who was released from prison a month prior to the assassination. Adamowicz dies the following day from his injuries, at the age of 53. March *March – the town of Świdnik in eastern Poland passed a resolution rejecting "LGBT ideology". April * April 1 — Priests in Gdańsk burn ''Harry Potter'' books. *April 8 — Polish teache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Poland
The Polish law or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago. The public and private laws of Poland are codified. The supreme law in Poland is the Constitution of Poland. Poland is a civil law legal jurisdiction and has a civil code, the ''Civil Code'' of Poland. The Polish parliament creates legislation (law) and is made up of the Senat (upper house) and the Sejm (lower house). Legal areas Polish public and private laws are divided into various areas, including, for example: * civil law (''prawo cywilne''), much of which is contained in the '' Polish Civil Code'' *commercial law (''prawo handlowe'') notably the '' Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies'' *copyright law (''prawo autorskie''), see copyright law in Poland for details *administrative law (''prawo administracyjne'') *constitutional law (''prawo konstytucyjne'') * private international law (''prawo prywatne międzynarodowe'') *ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government. That is, courts should not be subject to improper influence from the other branches of government or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is important for the idea of separation of powers. Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England. In some countries, the ability of the judiciary to check the legislature is enhanced by the power of judicial review. This power can be used, for example, by manda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Rule-of-law Crisis
The Polish constitutional crisis, also known as the Polish rule-of-law crisis, is a political conflict ongoing since 2015 in which the Polish government has been accused of failing to comply with European and Polish constitutional law. The 2015 elections resulted in the Law and Justice party (, PiS) winning control of both the presidency and the parliament. With this government trifecta (as a result of its participation in the United Right), PiS used its power to appoint judges to the Constitutional Tribunal in 2015, leading to the 2015 Polish Constitutional Court crisis. The government of Poland continued to expand its hold on the judiciary resulting in the 2017 Supreme Court crisis, and the 2019 Polish judicial disciplinary panel law. These events allowed the legislature and executive of the Polish government to have ''de facto'' control over judges and their appointments. These moves have been condemned by the European Union which initiated an Article 7 process against P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Association Of Judges
The International Association of Judges (IAJ) is a professional, non-political, international organization of national associations of judges. It was founded in Salzburg in 1953 and has its headquarters in Rome. The IAJ promotes the Rule of Law and the Independence of the Judiciary. Its members consist of national associations or representative groups from approximately 90 countries. The IAJ board has eight members from all continents and its main instance is the central council with all its 90 countries. It adopted a new Universal Charter of the Judge at its annual meeting in 2017 which took place that year in Santiago Chile. The IAJ is the oldest and most prestigious international organization of judges. It is focused on judicial independence as a guarantee of human rights, and in this capacity holds consultant status with the Council of Europe, the International Labor Organization and ECOSOC The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of six principal o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee For The Defence Of Democracy
The Committee for the Defence of Democracy, CDD (, ''KOD'') is a Polish-born civic organization and NGO with goals that includes promoting the European values, especially democracy, rule of law, and human rights. It was founded in November 2015 by a group of citizens including Mateusz Kijowski, in anticipation of the Polish constitutional crisis, 2015. The organization declares its independence of any political parties and states that it has no intention to transform into one. It opposed the actions of the government led by the Law and Justice (Poland), Law and Justice (PiS) party. KOD has its Polish headquarters in Warsaw and international office in Brussels (KOD International), with chapters and affiliated associations around Europe, in North America, Asia and Australia. The organization was awarded the 2016 European Citizens' Prize by the European Parliament for defending fundamental rights and democracy. Background KOD was formed in opposition to several actions taken by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helsinki Foundation For Human Rights
The Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights is the name of non-governmental organizations in a number of countries established under the now defunct International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. The organizations include: * * Turkmen Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, established in 2003 in Varna, Bulgaria, to monitor human rights in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ... * Czech Helsinki Committee * Greek Helsinki Monitor References {{Authority control Human rights organizations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diego García Sayán
Diego is a Spanish masculine given name. The Portuguese equivalent is Diogo. The etymology of Diego is disputed, with two major origin hypotheses: ''Tiago'' and ''Didacus''. The name also has several patronymic derivations, listed below. Etymology ''Tiago'' hypothesis Diego has long been interpreted as variant of ''Tiago'' (also spelled as '' Thiago''), an abbreviation of ''Santiago'', from the older ''Sant Yago'' "Saint Jacob", in English known as Saint James or as ''San-Tiago'' (cf. ''San Diego''). This has been the standard interpretation of the name since at least the 19th century, as it was reported by Robert Southey in 1808 and by Apolinar Rato y Hevia (1891). The suggestion that this identification may be a folk etymology, i.e. that ''Diego'' (and ''Didacus''; see below) may be of another origin and only later identified with ''Jacobo'', is made by Buchholtz (1894), though this possibility is judged as improbable by the author. ''Didacus'' hypothesis In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Bodnar
Adam Piotr Bodnar (born 6 January 1977) is a Polish lawyer of Ukrainian descent, educator, Human rights activists, human rights activist and politician who currently serves as Minister of Justice (Poland), Minister of Justice. He was the 7th Polish Ombudsman from 2015 until July 2021. Life and career He was born into Polish people, Polish–Ukrainians in Poland, Ukrainian family. His Ukrainian father, as a child, was forced displacement, forcibly displaced from a village near Sanok to north-west Poland in Operation Vistula. In 2000, he graduated in law from the University of Warsaw, and in 2001 he obtained a Master of Law degree in the field of comparative constitutional law from the Central European University in Budapest. He also completed a course in European Law co-organized with Cambridge University as well as American Law co-organized with the University of Florida at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Warsaw. In 2006, he received a PhD degree from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
