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Polish Union
The Polish Union (, ZP), also known as the Regional Agreement RdR (, PR-RdR) in 1993, was a Christian democracy, Christian-democratic centre-right politics, centre-right List of political parties in Poland, political party in Poland. The party was founded by defectors from Polish Christian-democratic party Movement for the Republic, who left the party over the dispute regarding forming a possible coalition with Centre Agreement, the party that Movement for the Republic was itself a split from. Shortly after being formed, the Polish Union announced an electoral union with the Centre Agreement in June 1993, known as Centre Agreement – Polish Union. In the 1993 Polish parliamentary election, Centre Agreement - Polish Union won 609,973 votes which amounted to 4.42%, falling short of reaching the 5% electoral threshold needed in order to gain seats in the Sejm. However, the party did win a single seat in the Senate. After the defeat in the 1993 election, the party left Centre Agreemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Union Logo
Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwriters * Kevin Polish, an American Paralympian archer Polish may refer to: * Polishing, the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or chemical action ** French polishing, polishing wood to a high gloss finish * Nail polish * Shoe polish * Polish (screenwriting), improving a script in smaller ways than in a rewrite See also * * * Polishchuk (surname) * Polonaise (other) {{Disambiguation, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Krzysztof Bielecki
Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (born 3 May 1951) is a Polish liberal politician and economist. A leading figure of the Gdańsk-based Liberal Democratic Congress in the early 1990s, Bielecki served as Prime Minister of Poland for most of 1991. In his post-political career, Bielecki served as president of Bank Pekao between 2003 and 2010, and served as the president of the Polish Institute of International Affairs between 2009 and 2015. Since the early 2000s, Bielecki has been a member of the Civic Platform party. In 2010, the '' Warsaw Business Journal'' described Bielecki as one of the most respected economists in Poland. Early life Born in Bydgoszcz on 3 May 1951, Bielecki studied sea transport economics at the University of Gdańsk, graduating in 1973. For much of the latter half of the 1970s, Bielecki was employed as an economist at the Center of Heavy Industry, an applied economic research institute in Gdańsk. Johnson and Loveman, p. 126 In 1980, Bielecki joined the Solidarity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz
Hanna Beata Gronkiewicz-Waltz (, born 4 November 1952) is a Polish politician and lawyer, Professor of Jurisprudence and politician who served as the city mayor of Warsaw between 2006 and 2018. She is the first and so far only woman to have held this position. Life and career Between 1992 and 2000, she was the chairman of the National Bank of Poland, the central bank of Poland. She resigned to take the position of the deputy chairman of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, a position she held between 2001 and 2004. Gronkiewicz-Waltz was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005 after receiving 137,280 votes in the 19th Warsaw district, running on the Civic Platform list. In the 2006 municipal elections, Gronkiewicz-Waltz served as Civic Platform's nominee for mayor of Warsaw. On 12 November she gained 34.23%, finishing next to Law and Justice candidate, former prime minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz. As neither received 50 percent of the vote, a second round elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995 Polish Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Poland on 5 November 1995, with a second round on 19 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1491 The leader of Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland, Social Democracy, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, and incumbent President Lech Wałęsa advanced to the second round. Kwaśniewski won the election with 52% of the vote in the Two-round system, run-off against 48% for Wałęsa. Background Wałęsa's inauguration Lech Wałęsa was 1990 Polish presidential election, elected and sworn in as President of Poland, President in December 1990, succeeding Wojciech Jaruzelski and leading to the ultimate end of Polish People's Republic, communist rule in Poland. Soon after his inauguration, Wałęsa's presently primary rival Prime Minister of Poland, Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki resigned and was followed by Jan Krzysztof Bielecki, a Liberalism in Poland, liberal and economist relatively loyal to Wałęsa. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of votes that a candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways; for example, in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In single transferable voting, the election threshold is called the quota, and it is possible to achieve it by receiving first-choice votes alone or by a combination of first-choice votes and votes transferred from other candidates based on lower preferences. In mixed-member-proportional (MMP) systems, the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for top-up seats in the legislative chamber. Some MMP systems still allow a party to retain the seats the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarosław Kaczyński
Jarosław Aleksander Kaczyński (born 18 June 1949) is a Polish politician. He co-founded the Law and Justice (PiS) party in 2001 with his twin brother, Lech Kaczyński, and has served as its leader since 2003. He served as Prime Minister of Poland from 2006 to 2007, and has twice held the post of Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, first from 2020 to 2022, and a second time from June to November 2023. Jaroslaw Kaczyński as a student took part in protest during the 1968 Polish political crisis, March 1968 political crisis. Subsequently, he became involved in the anti-communist opposition as a collaborator of Workers' Defence Committee, KOR and KSS-KOR, KSS KOR. He took part in the protests in Gdańsk Agreement#Strikes of 1980, August 1980 when he was arrested, then joined the Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity movement. In 1982 he became a member of the Polish Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, Helsinki Committee. He took part in the 1988 Polish strikes, 1988 strikes. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party
The Polish People's Party (, PSL) is a conservative political party in Poland. It is currently led by Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz. Its history traces back to 1895, when it held the name People's Party, although its name was changed to the present one in 1903. During the Second Polish Republic, the Polish People's Party was represented by a number of parties that held its name. They were all supportive of agrarian policies, although they spanned from the left-wing to the centre-right on the political spectrum. It was reformed to the People's Party shortly after the Sanacja regime took power. It took part into the formation of Polish government-in-exile during the World War II, and after the war it was again reformed into the Polish People's Party, and soon after into the United People's Party. During the existence of the Polish People's Republic, it was seen as a satellite party of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party that promoted rural interests. After the fall of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waldemar Pawlak
Waldemar Pawlak (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He has twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. Pawlak remains Poland's youngest prime minister to date. He is also a long-time commander of the Polish Volunteer fire department, holding the rank of Brigadier General. Since 2015 Pawlak is workstream leader for the AMU ( Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in economy. Early life, education and early political career Pawlak was born in the village of Model, Masovian Voivodeship on 5 September 1959. He is a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology, completing his education with an engineering degree. While he was a student, he actively participated in student strikes against Poland's martial law policy from 1981-83. Following his graduation, he briefly ran a small 17-hecta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peasants' Agreement
The Polish People's Party – Peasants' Agreement (, PSL-PL), commonly known simply as Peasants' Agreement (''PL''), was an agrarian and Christian-democratic political party in Poland. History The party originated from the People's Agreement, an electoral list consisting mainly of Rural Solidarity (RS) and two dissident groups of the Polish People's Party (PSL), the so-called "Polish People's Party ( Mikołajczyk)" and the "Polish People's Party (Wilanów)". The People's Agreement participated in the 1991 parliamentary election, obtaining 5.5% of the vote, 28 seats in the Sejm and five in the Senate.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', pp. 1511–1513 Subsequently, PSL-W's Henryk Bąk was elected Deputy Marshal of the Sejm and the group was part of the government led by Jan Olszewski, with RS' Gabriel Janowski as Minister of Agriculture.Piotr Wróbel (2014) ''Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996'', Routledge, p248 The PL was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian National Union
The Christian National Union (, ZChN)Maher (2004), p. 3458 was a Christian-democratic and nationalist political party in Poland. Established on 15 September 1989, the party traced its tradition to the Solidarity movement (both the trade union and the Solidarity Citizens' Committee), as well as pre-World War II National Democracy and Polish Christian Democratic Party. The party adhered to the Christian right, advocating social conservatism. From its foundation until 1994, the party was led by Wiesław Chrzanowski, who was Marshal of the Sejm in 1991–1993. History The ZChN was part of the Alliance for Poland, along with the Centre Agreement, and participated in all the governments from 1989 to 1993. In the 1991 parliamentary election the party obtained 8.7% of the votes. In the subsequent 1993 parliamentary election the ZChN, running under formed a broader electoral list and won 6.4% of the votes, falling short of the 8% electoral threshold for coalitions. In 1996, the part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
