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Police System Of Japan
Law enforcement in Japan is provided mainly by prefectural police under the oversight of the National Police Agency (Japan), National Police Agency. The National Police Agency is administered by the National Public Safety Commission (Japan), National Public Safety Commission, ensuring that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of direct central government executive control. They are checked by an Judicial system of Japan, independent judiciary and monitored by a free and active Mass media in Japan, press. There are two types of law enforcement officials in Japan, depending on the underlying provision: Police officers of Prefectural Police Departments (prescribed as under Article 189 of the ), and ; prescribed in Article 190 of the same law, dealing with specialized fields with high expertise. History The Government of Japan, Japanese government established a European-style civil police system in 1874, spearheaded by the efforts of statesman Kawaji Toshiyoshi, under t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Morality
Public morality refers to moral and ethical standards enforced in a society, by law or police work or social pressure, and applied to public life, to the content of the media, and to conduct in public places. Public morality often means regulation of sexual matters, including prostitution and homosexuality, but also matters of dress and nudity, pornography, acceptability in social terms of cohabitation before marriage, and the protection of children. It is a main justification for censorship; it can lead to campaigns against profanity, and so be at odds with freedom of speech. Gambling is generally controlled: casinos have been considered much more of a threat than large-scale lotteries or football pools. Public drunkenness is quite unacceptable in some societies, and legal control of consumption of alcohol is often justified in terms of public morality, just as much as for medical reasons or to limit alcohol-related crime. Drug legislation, historically speaking, has somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Justice (Japan)
The is one of the cabinet level ministries of the Japanese government. It is responsible for the judicial system, correctional services, and household, property and corporate registrations, and immigration control. It also serves as the government's legal representatives. The MOJ represents the Japanese government in litigation, and is also responsible for maintaining the official registers of households, resident aliens, real estate and corporations. At the top of the ministry is the Minister of Justice, a member of the Cabinet, who is chosen by the Prime Minister from among members of the National Diet. History The Ministry of Justice was established in 1871 as the .https://www.moj.go.jp/EN/hisho/soshiki/enkaku.html On February 15, 1948, the Attorney General's Office Establishment Law led to the creation of the Attorney General's Office. It acquired its present name under the post-war Constitution of Japan in 1952. Under the Central Government Reorganization Plan, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokubetsu Keisatsutai
The was the Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's '' Kempeitai''. The original ''Tokkeitai'' was known as the General Affairs Section and concerned itself with military police and personnel work within the Navy: personnel, discipline and records. It took a more active role, partly to keep the ''Kempeitai'' and the Army from meddling in Navy affairs. It was especially active in the areas of the South Pacific and the Naval Control Area and was as pervasive as the ''Kempeitai''. It had the same commissar roles in relation to exterior enemies or suspicious persons, and it watched inside units for possible defectors or traitors under the security doctrine of ''Kikosaku''. Attached to navy units, they served as Colonial police in some occupied Pacific areas. Later accusations of war crimes were made against them in that role for such acts as coercion of comfort women from Indonesia, Indochina and China into sexual slavery. In addition t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, Potsdam Declaration, when it was dissolved following surrender of Japan, Japan's surrender in World War II. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed between 1952 and 1954 after the dissolution of the IJN. The IJN was the third largest navy in the world by 1920, behind the Royal Navy and the United States Navy (USN). It was supported by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for reconnaissance and airstrike operations from the fleet. It was the primary opponent of the Allies of World War II, Western Allies in the Pacific War. The IJN additionally fielded Imperial Japanese Navy land forces, limited land-based forces, including Special Naval Landing Forces, professional marines, Japanese marine paratroopers of World War II, marine paratrooper units, anti-aircraft defense units ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kempeitai
The , , was the military police of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). The organization also shared civilian secret police that specialized in clandestine and covert operation, counterinsurgency, counterintelligence, HUMINT, interrogated suspects who might be allied soldiers, spies or members of a resistance movement, maintained security of prisoner of war camps, raided to capture high-value targets, and provided security at important government and military locations at risk of being sabotaged within Japan and its occupied territories. It was notorious for its brutality and role in suppressing dissent. The broad duties of the ''Kempeitai'' included maintaining military discipline, enforcing conscription laws, protecting vital military zones, and investigating crimes among soldiers. In occupied areas, it also issued travel permits, recruited labor, arrested resistance, requisitioned food and supplies, spread propaganda, and suppressed anti-Japanese sentiment. At its peak at the end ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Police
Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state. Not to be confused with civilian police, who are legally part of the civilian populace. In wartime operations, the military police may support the main fighting force with force protection, convoy security, Screening (tactical), screening, rear reconnaissance, logistic traffic management, counterinsurgency, and detainee handling. In different countries it may refer to: * A section of military forces assigned to police, or garrison, occupied territories, usually during a war. * A section of military forces assigned to policing Prisoner of war, prisoners of war Detention (imprisonment), detentions. * A section of the military responsible for policing the areas of responsibility of the armed forces (referred to as Provost (military police), provosts) against all criminal activity by military or civilian personnel * A section of the military responsible for policing in both the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Japanese Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during the Meiji period, fought in numerous conflicts including the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and World War II, and became a dominant force in Japanese politics. Initially formed from domain armies after the Meiji Restoration, it evolved into a powerful modern military influenced by French and German models. The IJA was responsible for several overseas military campaigns, including the invasion of Manchuria, involvement in the Boxer Rebellion, and fighting across the Asia-Pacific during the Pacific War. Notorious for committing widespread Japanese war crimes, war crimes, the army was dissolved after Japan's surrender in 1945, and its functions were succeeded by the Japan Ground Self-D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Higher Police
The , often abbreviated , was, from 1911 to 1945, a Japanese policing organization, established within the Home Ministry for the purpose of carrying out civil law enforcement, control of political groups and ideologies deemed to threaten the public order of the Empire of Japan, counterintelligence, domestic criminal investigations, high policing, and public security.W. G. Beasley, ''The Rise of Modern Japan'', p. 184, . As the civilian counterpart to the military police forces of the ''Kenpeitai'' (army) and of the '' Tokkeitai'' (navy), the Tokkō's functions were counter espionage and criminal investigation. The Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu was also known by various nicknames such as the and as the . History Establishment The High Treason Incident of 1910 was the stimulus for the establishment of the Tokkō under the aegis of the Home Ministry. With the Russian Revolution, unrest at home due to the Rice Riots of 1918, increase in strikes and labor unrest from the labor movement, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Preservation Law
The was a Japanese law enacted on April 22, 1925, with the aim of allowing the Special Higher Police to more effectively suppress alleged socialists and communists. In addition to criminalizing forming an association with the aim of altering the '' kokutai'' ("national essence") of Japan, the law also explicitly criminalized criticism of the system of private property and became the centerpiece of a broad apparatus of thought control in Imperial Japan. Altogether, more than 70,000 people were arrested under the provisions of the law until its repeal by Allied occupation authorities at the end of World War II. Passage Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, socialist and communist ideas began spreading in Japan, and the government became increasingly concerned that socialism and communism represented a threat to the emperor system and Japan's divine ''kokutai'' (国体, "national essence"). The 1918 Rice Riots and the assassination of Prime Minister Hara Kei only deepened ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. The ''public'' can be as small as a handful of people or as large as a village or an entire city; in the case of a pandemic it may encompass several continents. The concept of ''health'' takes into account physical, psychological, and Well-being, social well-being, among other factors.What is the WHO definition of health? from the Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as adopted by the Internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
