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Po Klong Garai Temple
Po Klong Garai Temple is a Hindu Cham religious complex located in the Cham principality of Panduranga, in what is now Phan Rang in southern Vietnam. It was built in honor of the legendary king Po Klaung Garai, who ruled Panduranga from 1151 to 1205, by the historic King Jaya Sinhavarman III, Legend of King Klong Garai According to legend, Po Klong Garai (Cham language: ''Great water-dragon sovereign'' or ''Dragon king of J'rai people'') started life as a lowly cowherd, but became king of Champa by destiny, ruling wisely and for the good of the people. When the Khmer of Cambodia invaded his kingdom, he challenged them to settle the matter peacefully in a tower-building contest. Po Klong Garai prevailed in the contest, thereby obliging the invaders to return home. After his death, Po Klong Garai became a god and protector of the people on earth; it is said that the tower he built in his contest with the Khmer is the tower that today is known by his name. History of the Temp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifteenth-most populous country. One of two communist states in Southeast Asia, Vietnam shares land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. Before the Han dynasty's invasion, Vietnam was marked by a vibrant mix of religion, culture, and social norms. The Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam, which were subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambodia
Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand in the southwest. It spans an area of , dominated by a low-lying plain and the confluence of the Mekong river and Tonlé Sap, Southeast Asia's largest lake. It is dominated by a tropical climate and is rich in biodiversity. Cambodia has a population of about 17 million people, the majority of which are ethnically Khmer people, Khmer. Its capital and most populous city is Phnom Penh, followed by Siem Reap and Battambang. In 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla Kingdom, Chenla under the name "Kambuja".Chandler, David P. (1992) ''History of Cambodia''. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, . This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire. The Indianised kingdom facilitated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Ninh Thuận Province
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Towers Completed In The 13th Century
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures. Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building. Etymology Old English ''torr'' is from Latin ''turris'' via Old French ''tor''. The Latin term together with Greek τύρσις was loaned from a pre-Indo-European Mediterranean languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Po Klong Garai
{{Infobox royalty , name = Po Klaung Yăgrai , image = Angkor Thom Bayon 57.jpg , caption = Portrait of Po Klaung Yăgrai at Bayon temple. , title = Ruler of Panduranga , father = On Pasha , mother = Muk Chakling , spouse = ? , issue = ? , birth_date = 1151 , birth_place = Palei Chakling, Panduranga , death_date = 1205 , death_place = Băl Hangâu, Panduranga , place of burial = Panduranga , full name = Jatol , succession = Ruler of Panduranga , reign = 1167 - 1205 , predecessor = Po Sulekha , successor = Khmer occupation , regnal name = Po Klaung Yăgrai , house = Panduranga , religion = Hinduism Po Klaung Yăgrai (1151–1205) was a king of the Champa polity of Panduranga, in what is now Phan Rang, in southern Vietnam. Title Po Klaung Yăgrai is the royal title, not the name of this historical figure. According to understandings of local history, he was not born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukhalinga
A mukhalinga or mukhalingam (Sanskrit: मुखलिङ्गम्, romanized: ; literally "''lingam with a face''") is a linga, lingam represented with one or more human faces in Hindu iconography. A lingam is an aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva. Mukhalingas may be of stone or can be made of a metal sheath, which covers the normal lingam. A mukhalinga generally has one, four, or five faces. Mukhalingas having four faces are also regarded to have an invisible fifth face on top of the linga. The four- and five-faced mukhalingas represent the five aspects of Shiva, which also relate to the classical elements, and the cardinal directions. While the formless aspect of Shiva is classified as ''nishkala'' (non-material), mukhalingas are classified as ''sakala nishkala'' (material-non-material).ALAYAM : The Hindu Temple;An Epitome of Hindu Culture; G.Venkataramana Reddy; Published by Adhyaksha; Sri Ramakrishna Math; ; Page 46 Iconography of stone Mukhalingas in texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Boisselier
Jean Boisselier (26 August 1912 – 26 February 1996) was a French archaeologist, ethnologist, and art historian. He was a specialist on Khmers and a researcher focused on Buddhist thought and iconography. As a member of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), he was responsible for the restoration of Angkor. Biography Boisselier was born in Paris, son of the military illustrator and grandson of an architect. He discovered his vocation for Southeast Asian art in front of an illustration of Angkor Wat temple, during his visit to the in 1922. He attended the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1924, where he followed the courses taught by . He then became a drawing teacher with the hope of joining the School of Cambodian Arts. At the beginning of the World War II, he served as a reserve officer. In June 1940, he was taken prisoner by Germans. During his captivity, he kept contacts with the Guimet Museum and gave lectures of drawing and history of Khmer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linga
A lingam ( , lit. "sign, symbol or mark"), sometimes referred to as linga or Shiva linga, is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva in Shaivism. The word ''lingam'' is found in the Upanishads and epic literature, where it means a "mark, sign, emblem, characteristic", the "evidence, proof, symptom" of Shiva and Shiva's power. The lingam of the Shaivism tradition is a short cylindrical pillar-like symbol of Shiva, made of stone, metal, gem, wood, clay or precious stones. It is often represented within a disc-shaped platform, the '' yoni'' – its feminine counterpart, consisting of a flat element, horizontal compared to the vertical lingam, and designed to allow liquid offerings to drain away for collection. The ''lingam'' is an emblem of generative and destructive power. While rooted in representations of the male sexual organ, the ''lingam'' is regarded as the "outward symbol" of the "formless reality", the symbolization of merging of the 'primordial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mỹ Sơn
Mỹ Sơn () is a cluster of abandoned and partially ruined Shaiva Hindu temples in central Vietnam, constructed between the 4th and the 13th century by the Kings of Champa, an Indianized kingdom of the Cham people. The temples are dedicated to the veneration of God in accordance with Shaivism, wherein God is named Shiva, or The Auspicious One. In this particular complex, he is venerated under various local names, the most important of which is Bhadreshvara. Mỹ Sơn is located near the village of Duy Phú, in the administrative district of Duy Xuyên in Quảng Nam Province in Central Vietnam, 69 km southwest of Da Nang, and approximately 10 km from the historic Champa capital of Trà Kiệu. The temples are in a valley roughly two kilometres wide that is surrounded by two mountain ranges. From the 4th to the 13th century AD, the valley at Mỹ Sơn was a site of religious ceremony for kings of the ruling dynasties of Champa, as well as a burial place for Cham ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stele
A stele ( ) or stela ( )The plural in English is sometimes stelai ( ) based on direct transliteration of the Greek, sometimes stelae or stelæ ( ) based on the inflection of Greek nouns in Latin, and sometimes anglicized to steles ( ) or stelas ( ). is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument. The surface of the stele often has text, ornamentation, or both. These may be inscribed, carved in relief, or painted. Stelae were created for many reasons. Grave stelae were used for funerary or commemorative purposes. Stelae as slabs of stone would also be used as ancient Greek and Roman government notices or as boundary markers to mark borders or property lines. Stelae were occasionally erected as memorials to battles. For example, along with other memorials, there are more than half-a-dozen steles erected on the battlefield of Waterloo at the locations of notable actions by participants in battle. A traditional Wester ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaya Simhavarman III
Jaya Simhavarman III (r. 1288 - 1307), Chế Mân (制旻), or Prince Harijit, son of King Indravarman V and Queen Gaurendraksmi, was a king of Champa during a time when the threat of the Mongols was imminent. He held the title the ''half-king/junior king'' (arddharāja) on behalf of his father. Yuan invasion of 1283–85 In 1282, Kublai Khan tried to gain passage through Champa of his ambassadors, but Chế Mân took them prisoner. Kublai Khan then asked the Trần dynasty of Đại Việt for entrance into Champa but received the same denial. In early 1283, Kublai dispatched a fleet of 100 warships led by Sogetu and invaded Champa. The battle hardened Yuan troops with their naval and armor superiority quickly drove the Cham out of the capital of Vijaya. Indravarman V and Crown Prince Harijit fled into the mountains, waging guerilla resistance against the enemy and refused to surrender, forcing the Mongols to suffer heat, illness, humidity, lack of supplies and desertion. Sogetu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khmer People
The Khmer people (, Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN, UNGEGN: , Romanization of Khmer#ALA-LC Romanization Tables, ALA-LC: ) are an Austroasiatic ethnic group native to Cambodia. They comprise over 95% of Cambodia's population of 17 million.https://web.archive.org/web/20191113151101/http://www.nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Provisional%20Population%20Census%202019_English_FINAL.pdf They speak the Khmer language, which is part of the larger Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic language family alongside Mon language, Mon and Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. The majority of Khmer people follow Theravada, Theravada Buddhism. Significant populations of Khmers reside in adjacent areas of Thailand (Northern Khmer people, Northern Khmer) and the Mekong Delta region of neighboring Vietnam (Khmer Krom), while there are over one million Khmers in the Khmer diaspora living mainly in France, the United States, and Australia. Distribution The majority of the world's Khmers live in Cambodia, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
