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Plate (structure)
A plate is a structural element which is characterized by a three-dimensional solid whose thickness is very small when compared with other dimensions. The effects of the loads that are expected to be applied on it only generate stresses whose resultants are, in practical terms, exclusively normal to the element's thickness. Their mechanics are the main subject of the plate theory. Thin plates are initially flat structural members bounded by two parallel planes, called faces, and a cylindrical surface, called an edge or boundary. The generators of the cylindrical surface are perpendicular to the plane faces. The distance between the plane faces is called the thickness (h) of the plate. It will be assumed that the plate thickness is small compared with other characteristic dimensions of the faces (length, width, diameter, etc.). Geometrically, plates are bounded either by straight or curved boundaries. The static or dynamic loads carried by plates are predominantly perpendicular t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Element
In structural engineering, structural elements are used in structural analysis to split a complex structure into simple elements (each bearing a structural load). Within a structure, an element cannot be broken down (decomposed) into parts of different kinds (e.g., beam or column). Structural building components are specialized structural building products designed, engineered and manufactured under controlled conditions for a specific application. They are incorporated into the overall building structural system by a building designer. Examples are wood or steel roof trusses, floor trusses, floor panels, I-joists, or engineered beams and headers. A structural building component manufacturer or truss manufacturer is an individual or company regularly engaged in the manufacturing of components. Structural elements can be lines, surfaces or volumes. Line elements: *Rod - axial loads * Beam - axial and bending loads * Pillar * Post (structural) * Struts or Compression member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Net Force
In mechanics, the net force is the sum of all the forces acting on an object. For example, if two forces are acting upon an object in opposite directions, and one force is greater than the other, the forces can be replaced with a single force that is the difference of the greater and smaller force. That force is the net force. When forces act upon an object, they change its acceleration. The net force is the combined effect of all the forces on the object's acceleration, as described by Newton's laws of motion, Newton's second law of motion. When the net force is applied at a specific point on an object, the associated torque can be calculated. The sum of the net force and torque is called the resultant force, which causes the object to rotate in the same way as all the forces acting upon it would if they were applied individually. It is possible for all the forces acting upon an object to produce no torque at all. This happens when the net force is applied along the line of act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normal (geometry)
In geometry, a normal is an object (e.g. a line, ray, or vector) that is perpendicular to a given object. For example, the normal line to a plane curve at a given point is the infinite straight line perpendicular to the tangent line to the curve at the point. A normal vector is a vector perpendicular to a given object at a particular point. A normal vector of length one is called a unit normal vector or normal direction. A curvature vector is a normal vector whose length is the curvature of the object. Multiplying a normal vector by results in the opposite vector, which may be used for indicating sides (e.g., interior or exterior). In three-dimensional space, a surface normal, or simply normal, to a surface at point is a vector perpendicular to the tangent plane of the surface at . The vector field of normal directions to a surface is known as '' Gauss map''. The word "normal" is also used as an adjective: a line ''normal'' to a plane, the ''normal'' component of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plate Theory
In continuum mechanics, plate theories are mathematical descriptions of the mechanics of flat plates that draw on the theory of beams. Plates are defined as plane structural elements with a small thickness compared to the planar dimensions.Timoshenko, S. and Woinowsky-Krieger, S. "Theory of plates and shells". McGraw–Hill New York, 1959. The typical thickness to width ratio of a plate structure is less than 0.1. A plate theory takes advantage of this disparity in length scale to reduce the full three-dimensional solid mechanics problem to a two-dimensional problem. The aim of plate theory is to calculate the deformation and stresses in a plate subjected to loads. Of the numerous plate theories that have been developed since the late 19th century, two are widely accepted and used in engineering. These are * the Kirchhoff–Love theory of plates (classical plate theory) * The Reissner-Mindlin theory of plates (first-order shear plate theory) Kirchhoff–Love theory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.The basic Google book link is found at: https://books.google.com/ . The "advanced" interface allowing more specific searches is found at: https://books.google.com/advanced_book_search Books are provided either by publishers and authors through the Google Books Partner Program, or by Google's library partners through the Library Project. Additionally, Google has partnered with a number of magazine publishers to digitize their archives. The Publisher Program was first known as Google Print when it was introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2004. The Google Books Library Project, which scans works in the collections of library partners and adds them to the digital inventory, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shell (structure)
A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate (structure), plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface, then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane (geometry), plane thus generating significant stresses. Materials range from concrete (a ''concrete shell'') to fabric (as in ''fabric structures''). Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using List of structural elements, shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings. Definition A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bending Of Plates
Bending of plates, or plate bending, refers to the deflection of a plate perpendicular to the plane of the plate under the action of external forces and moments. The amount of deflection can be determined by solving the differential equations of an appropriate plate theory. The stresses in the plate can be calculated from these deflections. Once the stresses are known, failure theories can be used to determine whether a plate will fail under a given load. Bending of Kirchhoff-Love plates Definitions For a thin rectangular plate of thickness H, Young's modulus E, and Poisson's ratio \nu, we can define parameters in terms of the plate deflection, w. The flexural rigidity is given by : D = \frac Moments The bending moments per unit length are given by : M_ = -D \left( \frac + \nu \frac \right) : M_ = -D \left( \nu \frac + \frac \right) The twisting moment per unit length is given by : M_ = -D \left( 1 - \nu \right) \frac Forces The shear fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Timoshenko
Stepan Prokopovich Timoshenko (, ; , ; – May 29, 1972), later known as Stephen Timoshenko, was a Ukrainian and later an American engineer and academician. He is considered to be the father of modern engineering mechanics. An inventor and one of the pioneering mechanical engineers at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. A founding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Timoshenko wrote seminal works in the areas of engineering mechanics, elasticity and strength of materials, many of which are still widely used today. Having started his scientific career in the Russian Empire, Timoshenko emigrated to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes during the Russian Civil War and then to the United States. Biography Timoshenko was born in the village of Shpotovka, Uyezd of Konotop in the Chernigov Governorate which at that time was a territory of the Russian Empire (today in Konotop Raion, Sumy Oblast of Ukraine). He was ethnically Ukrainian. He studied at a R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solid Mechanics
Solid mechanics (also known as mechanics of solids) is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behavior of solid materials, especially their motion and deformation (mechanics), deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase (chemistry), phase changes, and other external or internal agents. Solid mechanics is fundamental for civil engineering, civil, Aerospace engineering, aerospace, nuclear engineering, nuclear, Biomedical engineering, biomedical and mechanical engineering, for geology, and for many branches of physics and chemistry such as materials science. It has specific applications in many other areas, such as understanding the anatomy of living beings, and the design of dental prosthesis, dental prostheses and surgical implants. One of the most common practical applications of solid mechanics is the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Euler–Bernoulli beam equation. Solid mechanics extensively uses tensors to describe stresses, strains, and the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
