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Placochelyidae
Placochelyidae is an extinct family of placodonts belonging to the superfamily Cyamodontoidea. Genus *'' Glyphoderma'' *'' Placochelys'' *'' Psephosauriscus'' *'' Psephochelys'' *''Psephoderma ''Psephoderma'' (meaning "pebbly skin", from the Ancient Greek ''psepho'' (ψῆφος), "pebbly", and ''derma'' (δέρμα), "skin") is a genus of placodonts very similar to the related genera '' Placochelys'' and ''Cyamodus''. ''Psephoderma'' h ...'' References Placodonts Prehistoric reptile families Triassic sauropterygians Middle Triassic first appearances Late Triassic first appearances {{triassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placodonts
Placodonts (" Tablet teeth") are an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived during the Triassic period, becoming extinct at the end of the period. They were part of Sauropterygia, the group that includes plesiosaurs. Placodonts were generally between in length, with some of the largest measuring long. The first specimen was discovered in 1830. They have been found throughout central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and China. Palaeobiology The earliest forms, like '' Placodus'', which lived in the early to middle Triassic, resembled barrel-bodied lizards superficially similar to the marine iguana of today, but larger. In contrast to the marine iguana, which feeds on algae, the placodonts ate molluscs and so their teeth were flat and tough to crush shells. In the earliest periods, their size was probably enough to keep away the top sea predators of the time: the sharks. However, as time passed, other kinds of carnivorous reptiles began to colonize the seas, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placodont
Placodonts (" Tablet teeth") are an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived during the Triassic period, becoming extinct at the end of the period. They were part of Sauropterygia, the group that includes plesiosaurs. Placodonts were generally between in length, with some of the largest measuring long. The first specimen was discovered in 1830. They have been found throughout central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and China. Palaeobiology The earliest forms, like '' Placodus'', which lived in the early to middle Triassic, resembled barrel-bodied lizards superficially similar to the marine iguana of today, but larger. In contrast to the marine iguana, which feeds on algae, the placodonts ate molluscs and so their teeth were flat and tough to crush shells. In the earliest periods, their size was probably enough to keep away the top sea predators of the time: the sharks. However, as time passed, other kinds of carnivorous reptiles began to colonize the seas, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyphoderma
''Glyphoderma'' is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of China. It differs from its relative '' Psephochelys'' in having three, rather than one, fused osteoderms on the posterior skull surface, and has an earlier temporal range, from the Ladinian epoch rather than the Late Triassic. Otherwise, it is similar in most respects to the other plachochelyids found in China. The name comes from the Greek 'γλυφος', 'sculpture' and 'δερμα', 'skin' referring to its unique carapace structure. The specific name honours a Mr. Kang Ximin. The holotype, an almost complete skeleton, was found in 2008 in Fuyuan, Yunnan Province of central China in the Zhuganpo Formation. It is preserved in a thick block of limestone, and so the ventral side is not well known. The total length is 873 mm. Features Skull ''Glyphodermas skull is the shape of an isosceles triangle, with a long narrow rostrum. The skull is 110.6 mm long and 83.7 mm wide. There are thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placochelys
''Placochelys'' ('flat-plate turtle") is an extinct genus of placodont reptiles erected by Otto Jaekel in 1902. Fossil records Fossils of ''Placochelys'' dates back to the Triassic period (age range: 221.5 to 205.6 million years ago). They have been found in Germany, Austria, Hungary and Italy. Species This genus includes only one species: * ''Placochelys placodonta'' Jaekel, 1902 (from Upper Ladinian of Hungary) Description ''Placochelys'' looked remarkably similar to a sea turtle, and grew to about in length. It had a flat turtle-like carapace covered with knobbly plates, and a compact triangular skull. Its beaked skull had powerful muscles. It had only two pairs of palatal teeth, a large posterior pair, and a small rostral pair. The specialized broad teeth on the palate, were most likely used for crushing shellfish Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psephochelys
''Psephochelys (meaning "pebbly turtle")'' is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Late Triassic of China. It is represented by a single species, ''Psephochelys polyosteoderma'', named in 2002 on the basis of a single partial skeleton found in an outcrop of the Carnian-age Falong Formation in Guizhou Province. ''Psephochelys'' is classified as a member of the family Placochelyidae, which is within the larger placodont superfamily Cyamodontoidea. Like other cyamodontoids, ''Psephochelys'' has a wide shell covering its body, similar to that of a turtle. However, unlike those of other cyamodontoids, the shell of ''Psephochelys'' only covers its back. The plastron, which covers the underside of other cyamodontoids, is absent, and in its place are rib-like gastralia surrounded by loosely connecting osteoderm Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series (stratigraphy), series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Geologic time scale, Ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich August von Namoh, Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful sandstone'')'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyamodontoidea
Cyamodontoidea is an extinct superfamily of placodont marine reptiles from the Triassic period. It is one of the two main groups of placodonts, the other being Placodontoidea. Cyamodontoids are distinguished from placodontoids by their large shells, formed from fused bony plates called osteoderms and superficially resembling the shells of turtles. Cyamodontoids also have distinctive skulls with narrow, often toothless jaws and wide, flaring temporal regions behind the eyes. Two large temporal openings are positioned at the top of the back of the skull, an arrangement that is known as the euryapsid condition and seen throughout Sauropterygia, the marine reptile group to which placodonts belong. Cyamodontoids are also distinguished by their large crushing teeth, which grow from the palatine bones on the roof of the mouth. Description Shell The shells of cyamodontoids differ from those of turtles in several ways. Turtle shells are fused to their skeletons in several regions, includi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psephosauriscus
''Psephosauriscus'' is an extinct genus of placodont reptile from the Middle Triassic of Israel and Egypt. It is known from bony armor plates that have been found from Makhtesh Ramon in Israel's Negev desert and Araif en Naqua on Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. The genus was erected in 2002 as a replacement name for several species of the genus ''Psephosaurus'', which was named in 1957. It includes the species ''P. mosis'', ''P. ramonensis'', ''P. sinaiticus'', and a possible fourth species, ''P. rhombifer''. All species, with the exception of ''P. ramonensis'', were once assigned to the genus ''Psephosaurus''. Remains of ''P. mosis'' and ''P. ramonensis'' were found in Makhtesh Ramon, while ''P. sinaiticus'' and ''P. rhombifer'' were found in Araif en Naqua. History Armor of ''Psephosauriscus'' is abundant in Middle Triassic limestone in the Sinai and Negev regions, which is comparable to the Muschelkalk of European rock sequences. While the German Muschelkalk contains many nearl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psephoderma
''Psephoderma'' (meaning "pebbly skin", from the Ancient Greek ''psepho'' (ψῆφος), "pebbly", and ''derma'' (δέρμα), "skin") is a genus of placodonts very similar to the related genera '' Placochelys'' and ''Cyamodus''. ''Psephoderma'' had a flattened skull and a narrow, straight rostrum, much narrower than that of its relatives. Inside this skull, embedded in the jaws, were rounded teeth specialized for crushing the shellfish it ate. Unlike henodontid placodonts, ''Psephoderma'''s carapace was divided into two pieces, one on the shoulders and back, and another on the ventral end. ''Psephoderma'' grew to long, larger than many of its relatives, and lived in the Late Triassic ( Norian - Rhaetian), about 210 million years ago. It was one of the last placodonts to live. Fossils of ''Psephoderma'' have been found in the Rhaetian deposits in the Alps and in England, hence the specific names. Description ''Psephoderma'' had a long, narrow rostrum, which was the main diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Reptile Families
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triassic Sauropterygians
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic Period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Three categories of organisms can be distinguished in the Triassic record: survivors from the extinction event, new groups that flourished briefly, and other new groups that went on to dominate the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles, especially archosaurs, were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Triassic First Appearances
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