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Placidium Umbrinum
''Placidium'' is a genus of crustose to squamulose to almost foliose lichens. The genus is in the family Verrucariaceae. Most members grow on soil (are terricolous), but some grow on rock (saxicolous). The fruiting bodies are perithecia, flask-like structures immersed in the lichen body (thallus) with only the top opening visible, dotting the thallus. Lichen spot tests are all negative. Members of the genus lack rhizines, but otherwise resemble members of the genus ''Clavascidium''. Members of the genus are commonly called stiplescale lichens or earthscale.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1855 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. María Prieto and Ibai Olariaga suggest that ''Placidium'' is a superfluous illegitimate name according to strict application of nomenclatural rules. This is because when Massalongo circumscribed the genus in 1855, he included the original ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verrucariales
Verrucariales is an order (biology), order of Ascomycota, ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae of the class Eurotiomycetes. Although most of the Verrucariales are lichenised, the family Sarcopyreniaceae consists of 11 species of lichenicolous fungi, lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. Phylogenomics, Phylogenomic analysis suggests that the divergent evolution, divergence between the lichenized Verrucariales and nonlichenized Chaetothyriales occurred about 131 million years ago. Genera of uncertain placement There are some genera in the Verrucariales that have not been placed incertae sedis, with certainty into any family. These are: *''Botryolepraria'' – 2 spp. *''Gemmaspora'' – 1 sp. *''Kalbiana'' – 1 sp. *''Merismatium'' – 10 spp. References Verrucariales, Ascomycota orders Lichen orders Taxa named by David Leslie Hawksworth {{Eurotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placidium Yoshimurae
''Placidium'' is a genus of crustose to squamulose to almost foliose lichens. The genus is in the family Verrucariaceae. Most members grow on soil (are terricolous), but some grow on rock ( saxicolous). The fruiting bodies are perithecia, flask-like structures immersed in the lichen body (thallus) with only the top opening visible, dotting the thallus. Lichen spot tests are all negative. Members of the genus lack rhizines, but otherwise resemble members of the genus ''Clavascidium''. Members of the genus are commonly called stiplescale lichens or earthscale.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1855 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. María Prieto and Ibai Olariaga suggest that ''Placidium'' is a superfluous illegitimate name according to strict application of nomenclatural rules. This is because when Massalongo circumscribed the genus in 1855, he included the original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placidium Varium
''Placidium'' is a genus of crustose to squamulose to almost foliose lichens. The genus is in the family Verrucariaceae. Most members grow on soil (are terricolous), but some grow on rock (saxicolous). The fruiting bodies are perithecia, flask-like structures immersed in the lichen body (thallus) with only the top opening visible, dotting the thallus. Lichen spot tests are all negative. Members of the genus lack rhizines, but otherwise resemble members of the genus ''Clavascidium''. Members of the genus are commonly called stiplescale lichens or earthscale.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1855 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. María Prieto and Ibai Olariaga suggest that ''Placidium'' is a superfluous illegitimate name according to strict application of nomenclatural rules. This is because when Massalongo circumscribed the genus in 1855, he included the original ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placidium Nigrum
''Placidium nigrum'' is a species of squamulose (scaley), ground-dwelling lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is found in Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau, where it grows on sandy soil surfaces in semi-arid and arid regions. The lichen was formally described as new to science in 2022 by Tingting Zhang and Xinli Wei. The type specimen was collected from the Da Qaidam (Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture), at an altitude of ; it has since been collected at altitude ranges between . The species epithet ''nigrum'' alludes to the black area surrounding the thallus that results from an aggregation of pycnidia ( asexual fruiting bodies). These abundant, tiny pycnidia occur both superficially on the thallus surface (''laminal'') and on the lobe edges (''marginal''). ''Placidium nigrum'' does not react with any of the standard chemical spot tests, and no lichen products were detected from the species using thin-layer chromatography Thin-layer chromatography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placidium Lesdainii
''Placidium'' is a genus of crustose to squamulose to almost foliose lichens. The genus is in the family Verrucariaceae. Most members grow on soil (are terricolous), but some grow on rock (saxicolous). The fruiting bodies are perithecia, flask-like structures immersed in the lichen body (thallus) with only the top opening visible, dotting the thallus. Lichen spot tests are all negative. Members of the genus lack rhizines, but otherwise resemble members of the genus ''Clavascidium''. Members of the genus are commonly called stiplescale lichens or earthscale.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 1855 by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo. María Prieto and Ibai Olariaga suggest that ''Placidium'' is a superfluous illegitimate name according to strict application of nomenclatural rules. This is because when Massalongo circumscribed the genus in 1855, he included the original ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placidium Arboreum
''Placidium arboreum'', commonly known as the tree stipplescale, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It has a primarily North American distribution, with a range extending from eastern Canada south to Mexico, although it has also been reported from the West Indies and from Argentina. Taxonomy The lichen was first mentioned in the scientific literature as ''Endocarpon arboreum'' in an 1831 publication of Elias Fries, who attributed authorship to Lewis David de Schweinitz. Fries wrote of the lichen: "In addition there is a variety, ''Endocarpon arboreum'' of Schweinitz from North America, which by its description should be referred here but from its whole structure seems to be a poorly developed ''Sticta''". Fries does not seem to have accepted it as a valid species. Further, because no description or diagnosis of the taxon was provided (i.e., as a nomen nudum), the name was not validly published according to nome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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