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Piva (tribe)
Piva (Serbian Cyrillic: Пива, ) is a historical region in Montenegro, which existed as a Montenegrin tribe also known as Pivljani (Пивљани, ). It is situated in the northwestern highlands of Montenegro, bordering Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Piva River flows through the region. The regional center is the town of Plužine. History Ottoman period Piva was a ''nahiya'' of the Ottoman Empire, mentioned in the 1476–78 ''defter''. It was earlier mentioned in the ''Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja'' (c. 1300–10) as one of ten counties in the province of Podgorje, and in the St. Stephen Chrysobull of Serbian king Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321). It was part of Sanjak of Herzegovina during Ottoman rule. The Serbian Orthodox Piva Monastery has stood in Piva since the 16th century. It has produced four Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Modern Under Prince Nicholas I of Montenegro and the Congress of Berlin recognition, in 1878 the Piva together with the Serb Herz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Cyrillic
The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (, ), also known as the Serbian script, (, ), is a standardized variation of the Cyrillic script used to write the Serbian language. It originated in medieval Serbia and was significantly reformed in the 19th century by the Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet is one of the two official scripts used to write modern standard Serbian, the other being Gaj's Latin alphabet. Karadžić based his reform on the earlier 18th-century Slavonic-Serbian script. Following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written" (''piši kao što govoriš, čitaj kao što je napisano''), he removed obsolete letters, eliminated redundant representations of iotated vowels, and introduced the letter from the Latin script. He also created new letters for sounds unique to Serbian phonology. Around the same time, Ljudevit Gaj led the standardization of the Latin script for use in western South Slavic languages, appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Serbian Uprising
The First Serbian Uprising (; sr-Cyrl, Први српски устанак; ) was an uprising of Serbs in Orašac (Aranđelovac), Orašac against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 1804 to 7 October 1813. The uprising began as a local revolt against the Dahije, renegade janissary officers who had seized power in a coup d'état against the Ottoman sultan. It later evolved into a Wars of national liberation, war for independence, known as the Serbian Revolution, after more than three centuries of Ottoman Empire rule and brief Austrian occupations. In 1801, the Janissary commanders assassinated the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Pasha and took control of the Pashalik of Belgrade, ruling it independently of the Ottoman Sultan. This led to a period of tyranny, during which the Janissaries suspended the rights previously granted to the Serbs by the Sultan. They also raised taxes, imposed forced labor, forced labour, and made other changes that negatively affected the Serbs. In 1804, the Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsenije Loma
Arsenije Loma ( sr-cyr, Арсеније Лома; 1768–1815) was a Serbian ''voivode'' (military commander) in the First and Second Serbian Uprising of the Serbian Revolution (1804–1817). He was appointed by Karađorđe to command Kačer in 1811. Life Loma was born in Gojna Gora, to father Joksim, who after the settling of new inhabitants, immediately after the birth of Arsenije, relocated to Dragolj, in the Rudnik nahija. Arsenije took his nickname Lomo from the river Lovnica (formerly ''Lomnica''), which lies in Gojna Gora. He had a sister, Pauna, who later married Milutin Savić-''Garašanin'', who together had three sons, one of whom was Ilija Garašanin, the Serbian Prime Minister 1861–1867. He was one of the initiators of the First Serbian Uprising. He fought under the command of Milan Obrenović at the Battle of Rudnik, in which he showed heroic deeds. At the end of February 1804, at the beginning of the First Serbian Uprising, 500 rebels commanded by Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stojan Čupić
Stojan Čupić (, sr-cyr, Стојан Чупић; ca. 1765 – 1815) was a Serbian revolutionary general (''vojvoda''), one of the most important commanders of the First Serbian Uprising. He was active in the Mačva region. __NOTOC__ Early life Born in Piva, in the Sanjak of Herzegovina (now in Montenegro), his original surname was Dobrilović (Добриловић). He was brought up in Salaš Crnobarski (at that time known as Ali-Agin Salaš) in Mačva in the Sanjak of Smederevo (now in Serbia), where he was schooled. He lived with his grandfather, Todor "Toda", his parents being dead. His grandfather was a chieftain in his home village, but moved for an unknown reason to Serbia, leaving his sons back home. The sons died, so Stojan and his three older sisters went to live with grandfather Toda. Strahinja Čupić, a rich man without children from Salaš Noćajski, adopted Stojan when he was a boy, and brought him up "as though he was of his own blood". His adoptive father f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajo Pivljanin
Bajo Pivljanin ( sr-cyr, Бајо Пивљанин – 7 May 1685), born Dragojlo Nikolić ( sr-cyr, Драгојло Николић), was a Serbian ''hajduk'' commander mostly active in the Ottoman territories of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia. Born in Piva, a Serbian Herzegovinian tribe, at the time part of the Ottoman Empire, he was an oxen trader who allegedly left his village after experiencing Ottoman injustice. Mentioned in 1654 as a brigand during the Venetian–Ottoman war, he entered the service of the Republic of Venice in 1656. The hajduks were used to protect Venetian Dalmatia. He remained a low-rank ''hajduk'' for the following decade, participating in some notable operations such as the raid on Trebinje. Between 1665 and 1668 he quickly rose through the ranks to the level of ''harambaša'' ("bandit leader"). After the war, which ended unfavourably for the Venetians, the hajduks were moved out of their haven in the Bay of Kotor under Ottoman pressure. Between 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vuk Karadžić
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Стефановић Караџић, ; 6 November 1787 (26 October OS)7 February 1864) was a Serbian philologist, anthropologist and linguist. He was one of the most important reformers of the modern Serbian language. For his collection and preservation of Serbian folktales, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' labelled Karadžić "the father of Serbian folk-literature scholarship." He was also the author of the first Serbian dictionary in the new reformed language. In addition, he translated the New Testament into the reformed form of the Serbian spelling and language. He was well known abroad and familiar to Jacob Grimm, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and historian Leopold von Ranke. Karadžić was the primary source for Ranke's ''Die serbische Revolution'' (" The Serbian Revolution"), written in 1829. Biography Early life Karadžić was born to Serbian parents Stefan and Jegda (née ''Zrnić'') in the village of Tršić, near Loznica, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbs Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sr-Cyrl, Срби Босне и Херцеговине, Srbi Bosne i Hercegovine), often referred to as Bosnian Serbs ( sr-cyrl, босански Срби, bosanski Srbi) or Herzegovinian Serbs ( sr-cyrl, херцеговачки Срби, hercegovački Srbi), are native and one of the three Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, constituent nations of the country, predominantly residing in the Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska. Most declare themselves Eastern Orthodoxy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Eastern Orthodox Christians and speakers of the Serbian language. Serbs have a long and continuous history of inhabiting the present-day territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a long history of statehood in this territory. Slavs settled the Balkans in the 7th century and the Serbs were one of the main tribes who settled the peninsula including parts of modern-day Herzegovina. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radovan Karadžić
Radovan Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Радован Караџић, ; born 19 June 1945) is a Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Serb politician who was convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He was the president of Republika Srpska, president of Republika Srpska (1992–1995), Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War. Trained as a psychiatrist, he co-founded the Serb Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Serb Democratic Party in Bosnia and Herzegovina and served as the first president of Republika Srpska from 1992 to 1996. He was a fugitive from 1996 until July 2008, after having been indicted for war crimes by the ICTY. The indictment concluded there were reasonable grounds for believing he committed war crimes, including genocide against Bosniak and Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croat civilians during the Bosnian War (1992–1995). While a fugitive, he worked at a private c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resistance Movements
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In many cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country. Etymology The Oxford English Dictionary records use of the word "resistance" in the sense of organised opposition to an invader from 1862. The modern usage of the term "Resistance" became widespread from the self-designation of many movements during World War II, especially the French Resistance. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, and Slovene language, Slovene: , officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); ; (often shortened as the National Liberation Army sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); ; ) was the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, communist-led Anti-fascism, anti-fascist resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Nazi Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II. Led by Josip Broz Tito, the Partisans are considered to be Europe's most effective anti-Axis powers, Axis Resistance during World War II, resistance movement during World War II. Primarily a Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla force at its ince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chetnik
The Chetniks,, ; formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland; and informally colloquially the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla force in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. Although it was not a homogeneous movement, it was led by Draža Mihailović. While it was anti-Axis powers, Axis in its long-term goals and engaged in marginal resistance activities for limited periods, it also engaged in tactical or selective Collaborationism, collaboration with Axis forces for almost all of the war. The Chetnik movement adopted a policy of collaboration with regard to the Axis, and engaged in cooperation to one degree or another by both establishing a ''modus vivendi'' and operating as "legalised" auxiliary forces under Axis control. Over a period of time, and in different parts of the country, the movement was progressively drawn into collaborat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
