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Piscatorial Eclogue
The piscatorial eclogue is a genre of poetry from Renaissance Italy. A variation on the pastoral, it substitutes fishermen at sea for shepherds in the fields. It originated in the 1490s, with the Neapolitan poet Jacopo Sannazaro's ''Eclogae piscatoriae''. Other examples of the genre include ''Ecloga Carolina'' by André de Resende André de Resende ( –1573) was a Portuguese humanist Dominican friar, classical scholar, poet, and antiquarian. Resende is regarded as the father of archeology in Portugal. Early life and travels Resende was born c. 1498 in Évora, the son of P ... (1558/9). and ''Almon'' by Antonio Querenghi (1566). Resende's poem, rendered in English prose, begins: Quite often, when the bright moon recedes from the sea, already fleeing the yellow sands of the radiant Tagus, with home-coming face, and the golden sun (lofty torch of the starry sky) follows his sister with his radiance as he rises, the watchful fisherm an drags shoals into his nets from the placid oce ...
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Literary Genre
A literary genre is a category of literature. Genres may be determined by List of narrative techniques, literary technique, Tone (literature), tone, Media (communication), content, or length (especially for fiction). They generally move from more abstract, encompassing classes, which are then further sub-divided into more concrete distinctions. The distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined, and even the rules designating genres change over time and are fairly unstable. Genres can all be in the form of prose or poetry. Additionally, a genre such as satire, allegory or pastoral might appear in any of the above, not only as a subgenre (see below), but as a mixture of genres. They are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed. History of genres Aristotle The concept of genre began in the works of Aristotle, who applied biological concepts to the classification of literary genres, or, as he ca ...
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Renaissance Italy
The Italian Renaissance ( ) was a period in History of Italy, Italian history between the 14th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Western Europe and marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity. Proponents of a "long Renaissance" argue that it started around the year 1300 and lasted until about 1600. In some fields, a Italian Renaissance painting#Proto-Renaissance painting, Proto-Renaissance, beginning around 1250, is typically accepted. The French word (corresponding to in Italian) means 'rebirth', and defines the period as one of cultural revival and renewed interest in classical antiquity after the centuries during what Renaissance humanism, Renaissance humanists labelled as the Dark Ages (historiography), "Dark Ages". The Italian Renaissance historian Giorgio Vasari used the term ('rebirth') in his ''Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'' in 1550, bu ...
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Pastoral
The pastoral genre of literature, art, or music depicts an idealised form of the shepherd's lifestyle – herding livestock around open areas of land according to the seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture. The target audience is typically an urban one. A ''pastoral'' is a work of this genre. A piece of music in the genre is usually referred to as a pastorale. The genre is also known as bucolic, from the Greek , from , meaning a cowherd. Literature Pastoral literature in general Pastoral is a mode of literature in which the author employs various techniques to place the complex life into a simple one. Paul Alpers distinguishes pastoral as a mode rather than a genre, and he bases this distinction on the recurring attitude of power; that is to say that pastoral literature holds a humble perspective toward nature. Thus, pastoral as a mode occurs in many types of literature (poetry, drama, etc.) as well as genres (most notably the pastoral elegy) ...
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Jacopo Sannazaro
Jacopo Sannazaro (; 28 July 1458 – 6 August 1530) was an Italian poet, Renaissance humanism, humanist, member and head of the Accademia Pontaniana from Kingdom of Naples, Naples. He wrote easily in Latin language, Latin, in Italian and in Neapolitan language, Neapolitan, but is best remembered for his humanist classic ''Arcadia (poem), Arcadia'', a masterwork that illustrated the possibilities of poetical prose in Italian, and instituted the theme of Arcadia (utopia), Arcadia, representing an idyllic land, in European literature. Sannazaro's elegant style was the inspiration for much courtly literature of the 16th century, including Sir Philip Sidney's ''Arcadia''. Biography He was born in 1458 at Naples of a noble family of the Lomellina, that claimed to derive its name from a seat in Lombard territory, at San Nazaro near Pavia. His father died ''ca'' 1462, during the boyhood of Jacopo, who was brought up at Nocera Inferiore and at San Cipriano Piacentino (hosted at the home o ...
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André De Resende
André de Resende ( –1573) was a Portuguese humanist Dominican friar, classical scholar, poet, and antiquarian. Resende is regarded as the father of archeology in Portugal. Early life and travels Resende was born c. 1498 in Évora, the son of Pêro Vaz de Resende and Ângela Leonor de Góis. After his father died, he entered the local Dominican Order at the age of ten or twelve. Education Resende spent much of his youth traveling through Spain, France, and the Low Countries. In Spain, he attended the universities of Salamanca and Alcalá de Henares, studying Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. In France, he received theological training in Paris, Marseille, and Aix, becoming archdeacon of St. Maxime-les-Baumes. In the late 1520s and early 1530s, Resende resided in Belgium, specifically the cities of Leuven and Brussels. He continued his education in Leuven, developing close ties with his Latin professor, Conrad Goclenius, a close friend of Erasmus. Goclenius helped Resende publish h ...
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Antonio Querenghi
Antonio Querenghi or Quarenghi (; 1546–1633) was an Italian lawyer, theologian and poet. A native of Padua, he belonged to the same intellectual circle as Galileo. Most of his career was spent in Rome, where he served several cardinals and popes. He composed poetry in both Neo-Latin and the Italian vernacular. Life Querenghi was born in Padua in 1546, the second son of Niccolò Querenghi and Elisabetta Ottellio. After the death of their father in 1548, he and his elder brother Marco were entrusted to the care of their maternal grandfather, Gaspare Ottellio, notary of the bishop of Padua and chancellor of Padua Cathedral. While Marco followed Gaspare in diocesan service, Antonio was sent to the University of Padua, graduating with a degree in both canon and civil law in 1571 and in theology in 1573. In 1573, he joined the Accademia degli Animosi. Querenghi was a disciple of Sperone Speroni and had ties of friendship with Torquato Tasso, Jacopo Mazzoni and Paolo Beni. In 1579� ...
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