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Pietro Maria Borghese
Pietro Maria Borghese (1599 - 15 June 1642) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Early life Borghese was born in 1599 in Siena, the son of Marcantonio Borghese and Camilla Orsini. Despite the rampant nepotism that was to later define papal politics of the 17th century, Borghese received no particular benefits from his great uncle Pope Paul V whose reign continued until 1621. Maffeo Barberini, however, was raised to the cardinalate by Pope Paul and felt a need to recognise the Borghese family with a similar honour. When he was elected to the papal throne as Pope Urban VIII in 1623, he set about repaying those who had advanced his own career. Cardinalate So it was that Borghese was elevated to Cardinal by Pope Urban VIII the following year, on 7 October 1624 and was appointed cardinal-deacon of the church of San Giorgio in Velabro. He was also appointed commendatario of three "rich" abbeys from which he could benefits and income. In 1626 he was appointed cardinal-deacon of Santa Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
His Eminence
His Eminence (abbreviation H.Em. or HE) is a style (manner of address), style of reference for high nobility, still in use in various religious contexts. Catholicism The style remains in use as the official style or standard form of address in reference to a cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal of the Catholic Church, reflecting his status as a Prince of the Church. A longer, and more formal, title is "His [or Your when addressing the cardinal directly] Most Reverend Eminence". Patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches who are also cardinals may be addressed as "His Eminence" or by the style particular to Catholic patriarchs, His Beatitude. When the Grand master (order), Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the head of state of their sovereign territorial state comprising the island of Malta until 1797, who had already been made a Reichsfürst (i.e., prince of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1607, became (in terms of honorary order of precedence, not in the actual churc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Cardinal
A crown-cardinal () was a cardinal protector of a Roman Catholic nation, nominated or funded by a Catholic monarch to serve as their representative within the College of Cardinals and, on occasion, to exercise the right claimed by some monarchs to veto a candidate for election to the papacy. More generally, the term may refer to any cardinal significant as a secular statesman or elevated at the request of a monarch. Francis Burkle-Young defines a crown cardinal as one "elevated to the cardinalate solely on the recommendation of the European kings and in many cases without having performed any service at all for the advancement of the Church." According to conclave historian Frederic Baumgartner, the crown-cardinals "rarely came to Rome except for the conclaves, if then, and they were largely unknown to the majority of the College. Usually unable to take part in the '' pratiche'', they were not '' papabili'' and rarely received more than one or two votes".Baumgartner, 2003, p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faustus Poli
Fausto Poli (17 February 1581 – 7 October 1653) was a Roman Catholic prelate and Cardinal. Biography Born in Usigni in Umbria, as a young man he went to Rome and was soon noticed by Maffeo Barberini, a cleric of the Apostolic Chamber and a fellow Umbrian from nearby Spoleto, soon to become Pope under the name of Urban VIII. In 1632 he was made Majordomo and Prefect of the Lateran palace, in which posts he was responsible for supervising church and court ceremonies. On 25 Jul 1633, he was consecrated Titular Archbishop of Amasia ''in partibus'' by Antonio Marcello Barberini (seniore), Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Onofrio, with Giovanni della Robbia, Bishop of Bertinoro, and Benedetto Landi, Bishop Emeritus of Fossombrone, serving as co-consecrators. He served at Vienna as nuncio to the Infanta Maríe, sister of King Philip II of Spain and wife of Emperor Maximilian II. As private secretary to Pope Urban, among his most valuable services was that of purchasing old works o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese
Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese (; 1 September 1577 – 2 October 1633) was an Italian cardinal, art collector and patron of the arts. A member of the Borghese family, he was the patron of the painter Caravaggio and the artist Bernini. His legacy is the establishment of the art collection at the Villa Borghese in Rome. Biography Early life and cardinalship He was born in Artena with name Scipione Caffarelli, the son of Francesco Caffarelli and Ortensia Borghese. Because his father ran into financial difficulties, Scipione's education was paid for by his maternal uncle Camillo Borghese. Upon Camillo's election to the papacy as Pope Paul V in 1605, he quickly conferred a cardinalship on Scipione and gave him the right to use the Borghese name and coat of arms. In the classic pattern of papal nepotism, Cardinal Borghese wielded enormous power as the Pope's secretary and effective head of the Vatican government. On his own and the Pope's behalf he amassed an enormous fortune thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lelio Biscia
Lelio Biscia (15 June 1575 – 19 November 1638) was an Italian Catholic cardinal. Early life Biscia was born on 15 June 1575 in Rome, the second son of Bernardino Biscia and Vittoria Scapucci. Biscia's father was a minor noble and a consistorial lawyer. Biscia followed his father and received legal education before becoming a consistorial lawyer himself at the age of 20.''Lelio Biscia'' by S. Miranda (, last updated May 2012) Ecclesiastic career He became a of the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alessandro Orsini (cardinal)
Alessandro Orsini (1592–1626) was an Italian Cardinal. He was a patron of Galileo, who dedicated his 1616 work on the tides to him, and requested that he pass it on to Pope Paul V. Orsini belonged to the ducal family of Bracciano. Orsini was born in Bracciano, Italy. He was son of Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano and his wife Flavia Peretti, a niece of Pope Sixtus V. He was brought up at the court of the Grand Duke Ferdinand I of Tuscany, and in 1615 was created a cardinal by Paul V. As papal legate to Ravenna under Pope Gregory XV, he distinguished himself in 1621 by his charity on the occasion of the outbreak of an epidemic. Upon his return to Rome, he devoted himself to religion and to the practice of an austere asceticism. He asked permission of the pope to resign the cardinalate and to enter the Jesuit Order The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order of clerics regular of ponti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Stefano Donghi
Giovanni Stefano Donghi (1608 – 26 November 1669) was an Italian Catholic cardinal. Early life Donghi was born in Genoa in 1608, the son of Bartolomeo Donghi and Giacoma Bernardi. After completing his undergraduate work in the Humanities and Philosophy, he began his university studies at the University of Bologna and completed them with a degree from the University of Salamanca. Ecclesiastic career Throughout the 1630s, Donghi was employed in a number of administrative positions in Rome including referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. On 15 June 1635 he was appointed Protonotary Apostolic ''de numero participantium'' and Cleric of the Apostolic Camera (Treasury).Buonaccorsi, p. 426. He rose to the post of President of the Apostolic Chamber. In 1643 he acted as commissary-resident for the three legations held by Cardinal Antonio Barberini over regions in which he did not reside - effectively operating as the cardinal's representat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giacomo Serra (cardinal)
Giacomo Serra (1570–1623) was a Catholic cardinal. Wikipedia:SPS, He was very active as a papal representative to the Emperor during the Long Turkish War. Life He was a son of the noblewoman Claudia Lomellini and her husband Antonio Maria Serra, deputy to Genoa's Nobile Vecchio Portico and a senator of Florence. When his father died in 1579, Giacomo began studying law. He moved to Rome, where in January 1601 he was made a clerk to the Apostolic Camera. In May of that year he was appointed general commissioner of the army that Pope Clement VIII sent to Hungary against the Turks. Serra had to organize the embarkation of the 9,000 pontifical troops in Ancona and their subsequent journey from the disembarkation point to Zagreb. In October, the papal mercenaries took part in the unsuccessful Siege of Nagykanizsa. Serra sent regular reports to Rome on the operations. He and the surviving companies arrived in Ravenna in early February. In the summer of 1602, Serra was sent to Vienna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal-Deacon
A cardinal is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. Cardinals are chosen and formally created by the pope, and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. The most solemn responsibility of the cardinals is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves, with a few historical exceptions, when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. With the pope, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories, in which matters of importa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberian Basilica
Santa Maria Maggiore (), also known as the Basilica of Saint Mary Major or the Basilica of Saint Mary the Great, is one of the four major papal basilicas and one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. The largest Marian church in Rome, it is regarded as the first Marian sanctuary in the Western world and the mother of all sanctuaries. Santa Maria Maggiore is located in Esquilino, the 15th rione (administrative district) of Rome, on the . Pursuant to the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Holy See and Italy, the basilica is in Italy and not Vatican City.Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 15 However, the Holy See fully owns the basilica, and Italy is legally obliged to recognise its full ownership thereof and to concede to it "the immunity granted by international law to the headquarters of the diplomatic agents of foreign states". The complex of buildings therefore has a status somewhat similar to an embassy. The basilica enshrines the venerated image of , depicting the Blessed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Borghese
The House of Borghese ( , ) is a family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century and held offices under the '' commune''. During the 16th century, the head of the family, Marcantonio, moved to Rome, where he rose in power and wealth following the election of his son Camillo as Pope Paul V in 1605. They were one of the leading families of the black nobility and maintain close ties to the Vatican. Borghese (Borghesi) of Siena The family originated with Tiezzo da Monticiano, a 13th-century wool merchant in Siena, whose nephew Borghese gave his name to the family. Among the important Sienese Borghese are: * Agostino (1390–1462), noted soldier in the wars between Siena and Florence, named count palatine by Pope Pius II and count of the Holy Roman Empire by Sigismund * Niccolò (1432–1500), man of letters, philosopher, and important political figure in the Sienese republic, belonging ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in both the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, it was one of the major financial centres of Europe. Throughout its history, the Genoese Republic established Genoese colonies, numerous colonies throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, including Corsica from 1347 to 1768, Monaco, Gazaria (Genoese colonies), Southern Crimea from 1266 to 1475, and the islands of Lesbos and Chios from the 14th century to 1462 and 1566, respectively. With the arrival of the early modern period, the Republic had lost many of its colonies, and shifted its focus to banking. This was successful for Genoa, which remained a hub of capitalism, with highly developed banks and trading companies. Genoa was known as ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
