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Pierre Paoli
Pierre-Marie Paoli, also known as Lamote, (31 December 1921 – 15 June 1946) was a French agent in the Gestapo. The Gestapo (Secret State Police) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. Biography Pierre-Marie Paoli was born on 31 December 1921 in Aubigny-sur-Nere, France to a middle-class family, his father came from Algajola in Corsica. Pierre Paoli attended public school. In October 1937 he obtained a job with the town of Aubigny, Allier as a clerk. Later he became the town's administrative assistant and later on 1 May 1938, became the Treasury of the town Mehun-sur-Yèvre, at age 17 years old. He then left his family to take the job at Mehun-sur-Yèvre. When war in Europe was declared in September 1939, he decided to return to Aubigny for a short time, and then moved to Paris where he worked odd jobs. One of his odd jobs was as a bicycle messenger on behalf of the Nazi German Admiralty. In January 1942 Paoli then moved to Bourges. On 31 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aubigny-sur-Nère
Aubigny-sur-Nère () is a town and commune in the Cher department in the administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. Geography An area of forestry and farming surrounding a small light industrial town, situated in the valley of the river Nère some north of Bourges at the junction of the D940, D924, D30 and the D923 roads. History First known as Albinacum in Roman times, the commune was established as a royal town in 1189 by Philip II. This is the location by which the Duke of Richmond and Gordon gets his honorific title, as the Duke of Aubigny. In 1419, John Stewart of Darnley, a junior member of the House of Stuart, arrived in France with a large contingent of Scottish soldiers, to fight for Charles VII. He was awarded many titles, among them the Lordship of Aubigny. The family stayed here for 400 years. Links with Scotland Aubigny is a common tourist destination for Scots and others from the United Kingdom. The commune is very attached to the Auld Allian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aubigny, Allier
Aubigny () is a commune of the Allier department in central France. Population Administration * 2008–2014: Michel Brunol * 2014–current: Étienne Richet See also *Communes of the Allier department The following is a list of the 317 Communes of France, communes of the Allier Departments of France, department of France. Intercommunalities The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (a ... References Communes of Allier Bourbonnais {{Allier-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Amand-Montrond
Saint-Amand-Montrond () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France and the historical province of Bourbonnais about southeast of Bourges, in the basin of the eastern banks of the Cher which separates it from the commune of Orval. A small river, the Marmande, joins the Cher there, and the canal de Berry crosses the commune from southeast to southwest. Population Sights * Château de Montrond, a thirteenth-century castle Notable people * Jean-Baptiste Lemire (1867–1945), composer. * Louis Lecoin (1888–1971), pacifist and libertarian, was born in Saint-Amand-Montrond. * Maurice Papon (1910–2007), mayor of Saint-Amand-Montrond (1971–1983) and collaborator during World War II. * Serge Vinçon (1949–2007), college professor and politician was born here. * Jean Godin des Odonais, cartographer and explorer, lived here. * Julian Alaphilippe and his younger brother Bryan Alaphilippe, both cyclists, are from here. * Érick Jacquin, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beffes
Beffes () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France by the banks of the river Loire, about east of Bourges. The canal latéral à la Loire flows through the centre of the commune. Population See also *Communes of the Cher department The following is a list of the 286 communes of the Cher department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): References External links Official website of Beffes {{authority control Communes of Cher (department) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Concentration Camp
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (), including subcamp (SS), subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. Following the Night of Long Knives, 1934 purge of the Sturmabteilung, SA, the concentration camps were run exclusively by the Schutzstaffel, SS via the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Initially, most prisoners were members of the Communist Party of Germany, but as time went on different groups were arrested, including "habitual criminals", "Black triangle (badge), asocials", and Jews. After the beginning of World War II, people from German-occupied Europe were imprisoned in the concentration camps. About 1.65 million people were registered prisoners in the camps, of whom about Holocaust victims, a million died during their imprisonment. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Final Solution
The Final Solution or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question was a plan orchestrated by Nazi Germany during World War II for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews. The "Final Solution to the Jewish question" was the official code name for the murder of all Jews within reach, which was not restricted to the European continent. This policy of deliberate and systematic genocide starting across German-occupied Europe was formulated in procedural and geopolitical terms by Nazi leadership in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference held near Berlin, and culminated in the Holocaust, which saw the murder of 90% of Polish Jews, and two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe. The nature and timing of the decisions that led to the Final Solution is an intensely researched and debated aspect of the Holocaust. The program evolved during the first 25 months of war leading to the attempt at "murdering every last Jew in the German grasp". Christopher Browning, a histori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance ( ) was a collection of groups that fought the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Nazi occupation and the Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy#France, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy regime in France during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who conducted guerrilla warfare and published Underground press, underground newspapers. They also provided first-hand intelligence information, and escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind Axis powers, Axis lines. The Resistance's men and women came from many parts of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church in France, Roman Catholics (including clergy), Protestantism in France, Protestants, History of the Jews in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicherheitsdienst
' (, "Security Service"), full title ' ("Security Service of the ''Reichsführer-SS''"), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the Schutzstaffel, SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Established in 1931, the SD was the first Nazi intelligence organization and the Gestapo (formed in 1933) was considered its sister organization through the integration of SS members and operational procedures. The SD was administered as an independent SS office between 1933 and 1939. That year, the SD was transferred over to the Reich Security Main Office (''Reichssicherheitshauptamt''; RSHA), as one of its seven departments. Its first director, Reinhard Heydrich, intended for the SD to bring every single individual within the Third Reich's reach under "continuous supervision". Following Germany's defeat in World War II, the tribunal at the Nuremberg trials officially declared that the SD was a criminal organisation, along with the rest of Heydrich's RSHA (including the Gestapo) both individually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cher (department)
Cher ( ; ; Berrichon: ''Char'') is a department in central France, part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Named after the river Cher, its prefecture is Bourges. In 2019, it had a population of 302,306.Populations légales 2019: 18 Cher INSEE History Cher is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. Most of it was created, along with the adjacent department of from the former province of Berry. The southeastern corner of ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berry (province)
The Duchy of Berry (; ; ) was a former province located in central France. It was a province of France until departments replaced the provinces on 4 March 1790, when Berry became divided between the ''départements'' of Cher (Upper Berry) and Indre (Lower Berry). History Berry is notable as the birthplace of several kings and other members of the French royal family, and was the birthplace of the knight Baldwin Chauderon, who fought in the First Crusade. In the Middle Ages, Berry became the center of the Duchy of Berry's holdings. It is also known for an illuminated manuscript produced in the 14th–15th century called '' Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry''. In later times, the writer George Sand spent much of her life at her Berry estate in Nohant, and Berry's landscape and specific culture figure in much of Sand's writings. The Duchy was governed by the Duke/Duchess of Berry, who after 1601 was a senior member of the French royal family. The title of 'Duke of Berry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interpreter
Interpreting is translation from a spoken or signed language into another language, usually in real time to facilitate live communication. It is distinguished from the translation of a written text, which can be more deliberative and make use of external resources and tools. The most common two modes of interpreting are simultaneous interpreting, which is done at the time of the exposure to the source language, and consecutive interpreting, which is done at breaks to this exposure. Interpreting is an ancient human activity which predates the invention of writing. History Historiography Research into the various aspects of the history of interpreting is quite new. For as long as most scholarly interest was given to professional conference interpreting, very little academic work was done on the practice of interpreting in history, and until the 1990s, only a few dozen publications were done on it. Considering the amount of interpreting activities that is assumed to have oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi
Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power, it was frequently referred to as Hitler Fascism () and Hitlerism (). The term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideology, which formed after World War II, and after Nazi Germany collapsed. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. Its beliefs include support for dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, anti-Slavism, anti-Romani sentiment, scientific racism, white supremacy, Nordicism, social Darwinism, homophobia, ableism, and the use of eugenics. The ultranationalism of the Nazis originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist ''Völkisch movement, Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
