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Pierre Binétruy
Pierre Binétruy (14 August 1955, Casablanca, French Morocco – 1 April 2017, Paris) was a French theoretical physicist, known for his research on cosmology, gravitational waves, strong nuclear interactions, and supersymmetry. Education and career Pierre Binétruy studied in the 1970s at the ''École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud'' (whose scientific departments were moved in 1987 to Lyon and were named the ''École normale supérieure de Lyon'').. Pierre Binétruy received his doctorate from CERN in 1980. His thesis, directed by Mary K. Gaillard, is entitled ''Theoretical and Phenomenological Aspects fo Gauge Theories''. From 1980 to 1983 he held postdoctoral positions at CERN, the University of Florida, and the University of Chicago. From 1983 to 1986 he was a postdoc at the University of California, Berkeley, where he became interested in the astrophysics of the early universe for testing fundamental theories such as supersymmetry and superstrings. From 1986 to 1990 he was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casablanca
Casablanca (, ) is the largest city in Morocco and the country's economic and business centre. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of the Chaouia (Morocco), Chaouia plain in the central-western part of Morocco, the city has a population of about 3.22 million in the urban area, and over 4.27 million in Greater Casablanca, making it the most populous city in the Maghreb region, and the List of largest cities in the Arab world, eighth-largest in the Arab world. Casablanca is Morocco's chief port, with the Port of Casablanca being one of the largest artificial ports in Africa, and the third-largest port in North Africa, after Tanger-Med ( east of Tangier) and Port Said. Casablanca also hosts the primary naval base for the Royal Moroccan Navy. Casablanca is a significant financial centre, ranking 54th globally in the September 2023 Global Financial Centres Index rankings, between Brussels and Rome. The Casablanca Stock Exchange is Africa's third-largest in terms of market c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 23-member International organization, international organization devoted to space exploration. With its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023, ESA was founded in 1975 in the context of European integration. Its 2025 annual budget was €7.7 billion. The ESA Human and Robotic Exploration programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station programme); as well as the launch and operation of missions to Mars and Moon. Further activities include science missions to Jupiter, Mercury, the Sun, Earth observation, Asteroid impact avoidance and Telecommunications missions, designing launch vehicles; and maintaining Europe's Spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou (French Guiana). Further programmes include space safety, satellite navigation, applications and commercialisation. The main European launch vehicle Ariane 6 is operated through Arianespace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1955 Births
Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first Nuclear marine propulsion, nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18–January 20, 20 – Battle of Yijiangshan Islands: The Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army seizes the islands from the Republic of China (Taiwan). * January 22 – In the United States, The Pentagon announces a plan to develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), armed with nuclear weapons. * January 23 – The Sutton Coldfield rail crash kills 17, near Birmingham, England. * January 25 – The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union announces the end of the war between the USSR and Germany, which began during World War II in 1941. * January 28 – The United States Congress authorizes President Dwight D. Eisenhower to use force to protect Taiwan from the People's Republic of China. February * February 10 – T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Silk
Joseph Ivor Silk (born 3 December 1942) is a British-American astrophysicist. He was the Savilian Chair of Astronomy at the University of Oxford from 1999 to September 2011. He is an Emeritus Fellow of New College, Oxford and a Fellow of the Royal Society (elected May 1999). He was awarded the 2011 Balzan Prize for his works on the early Universe. Silk has given more than two hundred invited conference lectures, primarily on galaxy formation and cosmology. Biography He was educated at Tottenham County School (1954–1960) and went on to study Mathematics at the University of Cambridge (1960–1963), followed by a diploma in astrophysics at the University of Manchester under the supervision of Roger Jennison.Zierler, David''Interview of Joseph Silk by David Zierler on March 31, 2021'' Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD USA. 2021 (accessed 21 June 2024) He obtained his PhD in Astronomy from Harvard in 1968, under the direction of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNRS
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (, , CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engineers and technical staff, and 7,085 contractual workers. It is headquartered in Paris and has administrative offices in Brussels, Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore, Washington, D.C., Bonn, Moscow, Tunis, Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile, Israel, and New Delhi. Organization The CNRS operates on the basis of research units, which are of two kinds: "proper units" (UPRs) are operated solely by the CNRS, and Joint Research Units (UMRs – ) are run in association with other institutions, such as universities or INSERM. Members of Joint Research Units may be either CNRS researchers or university employees ( ''maîtres de conférences'' or ''professeurs''). Each research unit has a numeric code attached and is typically headed by a university profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Universitaire De France
The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France), is a service of the French Ministry of Higher Education that annually distinguishes a small number of university professors for their research excellence, as evidenced by their international recognition. Only around 2% of French university faculty are members (active or honorary) of the IUF. Organization The Institute was created by decree on 26 August 1991. At least two-thirds of IUF members belong to universities outside Paris. The purpose of the IUF is to encourage the development of high-level, interdisciplinary research in universities. It has three primary objectives: # To encourage institutions and research professors to achieve excellence in research, creating positive impacts on teaching, the training of young researchers and the dissemination of knowledge; # Contribute to the feminization of the research sector; # Foster a balanced distribution of university research across the country, and thus s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prix Paul Langevin
The ''prix Paul-Langevin'' is a prize created in 1956 and named in honor of Paul Langevin. It has been awarded each year since 1957 by the ''Société française de physique'' (SFP). The prize honors French physicists for work in theoretical physics. The ''prix Paul Langevin'' should not be confused with the ', which is a prize awarded in mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology by the ''Académie des sciences''. Recipients * 1957 Yves Ayant * 1958 Jacques Winter * 1959 Roland Omnès * 1960 Philippe Nozières * 1961 Cyrano de Dominicis * 1962 Jacques Villain * 1963 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji * 1964 Marcel Froissart * 1965 Robert Arvieu * 1966 Roger Balian * 1967 Jean Lascoux * 1968 Émile Daniel * 1969 Jean Ginibre * 1970 Daniel Bessis * 1971 Loup Verlet * 1972 Claude Itzykson * 1973 André Neveu * 1974 Édouard Brézin * 1975 Dominique Vautherin * 1976 Gérard Toulouse * 1977 Jean Zinn-Justin * 1978 Jean Iliopoulos * 1979 Richard Schaeffer * 1980 Roland Seneor an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computing Platform
A computing platform, digital platform, or software platform is the infrastructure on which software is executed. While the individual components of a computing platform may be obfuscated under layers of abstraction, the ''summation of the required components comprise the computing platform''. Sometimes, the most relevant layer for a specific software is called a computing platform in itself to facilitate the communication, referring to the whole using only one of its attributes – i.e. using a metonymy. For example, in a single computer system, this would be the computer's architecture, operating system (OS), and runtime libraries. In the case of an application program or a computer video game, the most relevant layer is the operating system, so it can be called a platform itself (hence the term cross-platform for software that can be executed on multiple OSes, in this context). In a multi-computer system, such as in the case of offloading processing, it would encompass b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massive Open Online Course
A massive open online course (MOOC ) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the World Wide Web, Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012, a year called the "Year of the MOOC". Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as Open content, open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources. Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euclid (spacecraft)
''Euclid'' is a wide-angle space telescope with a 600-megapixel camera to record visible light, a near-infrared spectrometer, and photometer, to determine the redshift of detected galaxies. It was developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Euclid Consortium and was launched on 1 July 2023 from Cape Canaveral in Florida. The mission is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid. After approximately one month, it reached its destination, a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth second Lagrange point L2, at an average distance of 1.5million kilometres beyond Earth's orbit. There the telescope is to remain operational for at least six years. The objective of the ''Euclid'' mission is to better understand dark energy and dark matter by accurately measuring the accelerating expansion of the universe. The Korsch-type telescope will measure the shapes of galaxies at varying distances from Earth and investigate the relationship between distance and redshift. ''Euclid'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planck (spacecraft)
''Planck'' was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013. It was an ambitious project that aimed to map the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infrared frequencies, with high sensitivity and angular resolution. The mission was highly successful and substantially improved upon observations made by the NASA Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). The Planck observatory was a major source of information relevant to several cosmological and astrophysical issues. One of its key objectives was to test theories of the early Universe and the origin of cosmic structure. The mission provided significant insights into the composition and evolution of the Universe, shedding light on the fundamental physics that governs the cosmos. Planck was initially called COBRAS/SAMBA, which stands for the Cosmic Background Radiation Anisotropy Satellite/Satellite for Measurement of Background Anisotropies. The project sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a planned space probe to detect and measure gravitational waves—tiny ripples in the fabric of spacetime—from astronomical sources. LISA will be the first dedicated space-based gravitational-wave observatory. It aims to measure gravitational waves directly by using laser interferometry. The LISA concept features three spacecraft arranged in an equilateral triangle with each side 2.5 million kilometers long, flying in an Earth-like heliocentric orbit. The distance between the satellites is precisely monitored to detect a passing gravitational wave. The LISA project started out as a joint effort between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). However, in 2011, NASA announced that it would be unable to continue its original LISA partnership with the European Space Agency due to funding limitations. In response, ESA continued developing the mission and in 2017, NASA re-engaged with LISA, contributing technology and scientific e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
