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Physarum Pusillum
''Physarum pusillum'' is a species of myxomycete (true slime mould) in the polyphyletic genus ''Physarum''. Taxonomy ''Physarum pusillum'' was first described by Miles Berkeley and M.A. Curtis in 1873 as ''Didymium pusillum''. The holotype (K-1492) was collected from South Carolina and kept in the Kew herbarium, however, a comprehensive search of the herbarium in 2018 was unable to locate it. In 1911, the species was reassigned to ''Physarum'' by Gulielma Lister, with accompanying description and illustrations recognising two morphotypes: one with a subglobose sporotheca and another (rarer one) with a flatter, lenticular sporotheca. The latter "oblate" form was recognised as a distinct species in 2020 following morphological and molecular anyalyses, leading to the reinstatement of the name ''P. gravidum''. Further morphological differences that distinguish ''P. gravidum'' from ''P. pusillum'' include: the presence of an umbilicus, thin lime nodes in the capillitium, and spor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. About 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomen". The first part of a binomen is the name of a genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name (zoology), specific name or the specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphotype
In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative ''phenotypes'', in the population of a species. To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating). Ford E.B. 1965. ''Genetic polymorphism''. Faber & Faber, London. Put simply, polymorphism is when there are two or more possibilities of a trait on a gene. For example, there is more than one possible trait in terms of a jaguar's skin colouring; they can be light morph or dark morph. Due to having more than one possible variation for this gene, it is termed 'polymorphism'. However, if the jaguar has only one possible trait for that gene, it would be termed "monomorphic". For example, if there was only one possible skin colour that a jaguar could have, it would be termed monomorphic. The term polyphenism can be used to clarify that the different forms arise from the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodial
A plasmodium is a living structure of cytoplasm that contains many nuclei, rather than being divided into individual cells each with a single nucleus. Plasmodia are best known from slime molds, but are also found in parasitic Myxosporea, and some algae such as the Chlorarachniophyta. Structure A plasmodium is an amoeboid, multinucleate, and naked mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei. The resulting structure, a coenocyte, is created by many nuclear divisions without the process of cytokinesis, which in other organisms pulls newlydivided cells apart. In some cases, the resulting structure is a syncytium, created by the fusion of cells after division. Under suitable conditions, a plasmodium may differentiate and form fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. Taxonomic distribution The term plasmodium, introduced by Leon Cienkowski, usually refers to the feeding stage of slime molds; these are macroscopic mycetozoans. The multinucleate developmental stages o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual reproduction, sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for biological dispersal, dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the Biological life cycle, life cycles of many plants, algae, fungus, fungi and protozoa. They were thought to have appeared as early as the mid-late Ordovician period as an adaptation of early land plants. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. In some rare cases, a diploid spore is also p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columella (botany)
Columella (in plants) is an axis of sterile tissue which passes through the center of the spore-case of mosses. In fungi, it refers to a centrally vacuolated part of a hypha, bearing spores. The word finds analogous usage in myxomycetes. The term columella is also used to refer to story 1 to story 4 (S1 – S4) cells in the root cap, located apically of the quiescent centre. In vascular plants, columella tissue helps the roots to perceive gravity. Within columella cells, the amyloplasts and Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus (), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic Cell (biology), cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it protein targeting, packages proteins ... organelles tend to fall to the bottom third of the cell. References Plant anatomy {{Botany-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillitium
Capillitium (pl. capillitia) is a mass of sterile fibers within a fruit body interspersed among spores. It is found in Mycetozoa Mycetozoa is a polyphyletic grouping of slime molds. It was originally thought to be a monophyletic clade, but in 2010 it was discovered that protostelia are a polyphyletic group within Conosa. Classification It can be divided into dictyoste ... (slime molds) and gasteroid fungi of the fungal subdivision Agaricomycotina. In the fungi, the form of the capillitia, including shape, size, branching patterns, presence or absence of slits or pores, thickness of the walls, and color, are features that can be used to identify certain species or genera. References {{Reflist, refs= {{cite book , title=Poisonous Mushrooms of the northern United States and Canada , vauthors=Ammirati J, Traquair JA, Horgen PA , year=1985 , publisher=Fitzhenry & Whiteside in cooperation with Agriculture Canada , location=Markham, Ontario , isbn=978-0889029774 , page=30, 376 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorocarp
A sorocarp (from the Greek word ''soros'' "a heap" + ''karpos'' "fruit") is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida). Each sorocarp consists of both a sorophore (stalk) and a sorus.Lawrence, E. 2005. Henderson's Dictionary of Biology, 13th Ed. Prentice Hall, London Sorocarps release spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual reproduction, sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for biological dispersal, dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores fo ...s. References Mycetozoa {{microbiology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, ; : sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a unicellular organism, single cell or can be multicellular organism, multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungus, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their biological life cycle, life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis. It's outdated name, sporange, is one of the few perfect rhymes for Orange (colour), orange. Fungi In some phyla of fungi, the sporangium plays a role in asexual reproduction, and may play an indirect role in sexual reproduction. The sporangium forms on the sporangiophore and contains Ploidy, haploid Cell nucleus, nuclei and cytoplasm. Spores are formed in the sporangiophore by encasing each haploid nucleus and cytoplasm in a tough outer membrane. During asexual reproduction, these spores are dispersed via wind and g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulielma Lister
Gulielma Lister (28 October 1860 – 18 May 1949) was a British botanist and mycologist who was considered an international authority on Mycetozoa. Life Lister was born in Sycamore House, 881 High Road, Leytonstone (East London) on 28 October 1860, one of seven children of Susanna Tindall and Arthur Lister. She was born into a prominent Quaker family, being the granddaughter of J.J. Lister and niece of Lord Lister.First page preview Lister was educated at home save for one year at Bedford College for Women. It was this time in Bedford that gave Lister a grounding in systematic and structural botany. Lister's mother was a formally trained artist, which appears to have been part of Lister's home schooling. Lister spent her life in Leytonstone, and the family summer house in Lyme Regis, where she conducted much of her field work. Lister died in the house where she was born on 18 May 1949, following a stroke. She is commemorated at grave number 07 at the Quaker Meeting House in B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxomycete
Myxogastria/Myxogastrea (myxogastrids, ICZN) or Myxomycetes ( ICN) is a class of slime molds that contains 5 orders, 14 families, 62 genera, and 888 species. They are colloquially known as the ''plasmodial'' or ''acellular'' slime moulds. All species pass through several very different morphologic phases, such as microscopic individual cells, slimy amorphous organisms visible with the naked eye, and conspicuously shaped fruit bodies. Although they are monocellular, they can reach immense widths and weights: in extreme cases they can be up to across and weigh up to . The class Myxogastria is distributed worldwide, but it is more common in temperate regions where it has a higher biodiversity than in polar regions, the subtropics, or the tropics. They are mainly found in open forests, but also in extreme regions such as deserts, under snow blankets, or underwater. They also occur on the bark of trees, sometimes high in the canopy. These are known as corticolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kew Herbarium
The Kew Herbarium (herbarium code: K) is one of the world's largest and most historically significant herbaria, housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in London, England. Established in the 1850s on the ground floor of Hunter House, it has grown to maintain approximately seven million preserved plant specimens, including 330,000 type (biology), type specimens. The herbarium's collections, which include specimens dating back to 1700, represent about 95% of known vascular plant genera and 60% of described fungi, with specimens collected over 260 years of botanical expeditions, botanical exploration. The herbarium processes around 5,000 specimen loans annually and hosts approximately 3,000 visitor-days of research visits each year, supporting a wide range of botanical research. The herbarium's development has been closely tied to British Botanical expeditions, botanical exploration and colonial expansion, with contributions from influential directors like Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moses Ashley Curtis
Moses Ashley Curtis (11 May 1808 – 10 April 1872) was a noted American botanist. Biography Curtis was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts and educated at Williams College in Massachusetts. After graduating, he became a tutor for the children of former Governor Edward Bishop Dudley in Wilmington, North Carolina, returning to Massachusetts in 1833 to study theology. He married Mary de Rosset in 1834, was ordained in 1835 and obtained a post to teach at the Episcopal school at Raleigh, North Carolina. He became rector of the Protestant Episcopal Church at Hillsborough, North Carolina in 1841 and in charge of a parish at Society Hill, South Carolina in 1847 before returning to the Protestant Episcopal Church at Hillsborough in 1857. He died in Hillsborough, North Carolina in 1872. As a botanist, Curtis explored the southern Appalachian Mountains, embarking on a major expedition in 1839. He maintained a herbarium of dried specimens and contributed specimens to John Torrey and Asa G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
