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Phrynus Maesi
''Phrynus maesi'' is a species of amblypygid in the family Phrynidae. It is endemic to Nicaragua, specifically among the volcanic mountains in the department of Jinotega and in the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve. Etymology The genus '' Phrynus'' is directly derived from the Greek word "φρῦνος", meaning toad. The species is named in honor of Professor Jean-Michel Maes, one of the collectors of the type specimens. Description ''Phrynus maesi'' is characterized by two sets of four legs, like other arachnids. The rear six legs are used for walking, while the first two are antenniform and act as antennae. Females have been recorded as approximately 19 mm in length, while males are slightly smaller, measuring about . While their pedipalp spines are similar to females, they exhibit a distinctly large male genital operculum. The carapace is reddish-brown, with light markings radiating from the central groove. The femurs of the second to fourth legs are uniformly dark brown, la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amblypygid
Amblypygi is an order of arachnids also known as whip-spiders or tailless whip-scorpions, not to be confused with whip-scorpions or vinegaroons that belong to the related order Thelyphonida. The name "amblypygid" means "blunt tail", a reference to a lack of the flagellum that is otherwise seen in whip-scorpions. Amblypygids possess no silk glands or venom. They rarely bite if threatened but can grab fingers with their pedipalps, resulting in thorn-like puncture-injuries. As of 2023, five families, 17 genera, and around 260 species had been discovered and described. They are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, mainly in warm and humid environments. They like to stay protected and hidden within leaf litter, caves, or underneath bark. Some species are subterranean; all are nocturnal. Fossilized amblypygids have been found dating back to the Carboniferous period, such as '' Weygoldtina''. Description Body-plan Being arachnids, Amblypygi possess two body-segments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrynidae
Phrynidae is a Family (biology), family of amblypygid chelicerata, arachnida arthropods also known as whip spiders and tailless whip scorpions. Phrynidae species are found in tropics, tropical and subtropics, subtropical regions in North and South America. Some species are subterranean; all are nocturnal. At least some species of Phrynidae hold territories that they defend from other individuals. Taxonomy The following genera are recognised: ;Phrynidae Blanchard, 1852 *''Acanthophrynus'' Kraepelin, 1899 (1 species) *†''Britopygus'' Dunlop & Martill, 2002 (1 species; Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian extinction, Aptian)) *†''Electrophrynus'' Petrunkevich, 1971 Chiapas amber, Mexico, Miocene (''nomen dubium'') *''Heterophrynus'' Pocock, 1894 (17 species) *''Paraphrynus'' Moreno, 1940 (18 species) *''Phrynus'' Lamarck, 1801 (28 species, Oligocene - Recent) References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q3381696 Amblypygi, Arachnid orders Extant Pennsylv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America after Guatemala and Honduras. Nicaragua is bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean and shares maritime borders with El Salvador to the west and Colombia to the east. The country's largest city and national capital is Managua, the List of largest cities in Central America#Largest cities proper, fourth-largest city in Central America, with a population of 1,055,247 as of 2020. Nicaragua is known as "the breadbasket of Central America" due to having the most fertile soil and arable land in all of Central America. Nicaragua's multiethnic population includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European, and African heritage. The country's most spoken language is Spanish language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Departments Of Nicaragua
Nicaragua is a Unitary state, unitary republic, divided for administrative purposes into fifteen Department (country subdivision), departments () and two autonomous regions (). Departments Autonomous regions In 1987, the new Constitution of Nicaragua, constitution established the Charter of Autonomy (limited self-government) for the former Zelaya Department, department of Zelaya, comprising the entire eastern half of the country. The department was divided into two autonomous regions (communities): the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region. The Charter of Autonomy is largely based on Autonomous communities of Spain, the model used by Spain. The communities are governed by a Governor and a Regional Council. See also *ISO 3166-2:NI Notes * (INETER). . March, 2000. * (INIFOM). . * International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions''. ISO 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinotega Department
Jinotega () is a department of Nicaragua. Its departmental head is Jinotega. It is located in the north of the country, on the border with Honduras. The Department of Jinotega has a population of 483,404 (2021 estimate) and covers an area of 9,222 km2. It is one of the 15 most extensive departments in the country. Founded on October 15, 1891. In addition, Jinotega is home to various indigenous peoples, including the Cacaopera and the Nahua. The city of Jinotega "Las Brumas" is the departmental capital of the homonymous department with an urban population of 53 265 inhabitants in the year 2017. It is located in a valley at an altitude of 1,003.87 meters above sea level with a cool climate at an average temperature of 25 °C and a distance of 142 km from Managua (2h 44 min, by Carr.Panamericana / Panamericana Nte./CA-1). ''Source: National Institute for Development Information (INIDE) - Nicaragua. Statistical Yearbook 2016 - 18'' The department generates its o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosawás Biosphere Reserve
The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve is a tropical rainforest in Nicaragua designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1997. At approximately 20,000 km2 (2 million hectares) in size, the reserve (i.e. nucleus plus buffer zone) comprises about 15% of the nation's total land area. It is the second largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere, after the Amazon rainforest. Bosawás is largely unexplored, and is extremely rich in biodiversity. History Located within the state of Jinotega in northern Nicaragua, Bosawás overlaps the homelands of two of Nicaragua's indigenous peoples, the Mayangna and the Miskito, in an area which has abundant natural resources, most notably timber and gold. About 130,000 inhabitants practice subsistence farming within the boundaries, about 35,000 of them indigenous Miskito and Mayangna people. The Bosawás Biosphere Reserve developed over time out of conflicts between the Sandinista government and indigenous Miskitu and Mayangna. As part of the peace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrynus
''Phrynus'' is a genus of whip spiders found in tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in the new world. Appearance Like other species of the order Amblypygi, species of the genus ''Phrynus'' are dorso-ventrally flattened arachnids with elongate, antenniform front legs used to navigate their environment and communicate with conspecifics. Individuals capture prey using raptorial pedipalps. ''Phrynus'' species vary in size, from the small ''Phrynus marginemaculatus'' to the larger ''Phrynus longipes''. At least one species of ''Phrynus'' is territorial and cannibalistic (''Phrynus longipes''). ''Phrynus'' is a New World genus, found from the southern United States to northern South America; the sole exception is ''Phrynus exsul'' from Indonesia. List of species *''Phrynus alejandroi'' Armas & Teruel, 2010 *''Phrynus araya'' Colmenares Garcia & Villarreal Manzanilla 2008 *''Phrynus asperatipes'' Wood, 1863 *''Phrynus barbadensis'' (Pocock, 1894) *''Phrynus calypso'' Joya, 2017 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the Class (biology), class Arachnida () of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, opiliones, harvestmen, Solifugae, camel spiders, Amblypygi, whip spiders and Uropygi, vinegaroons. Adult arachnids have eight Arthropod leg, legs attached to the cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. Almost all Extant taxon, extant arachnids are terrestrial animal, terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders. The term is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (''aráchnē'', 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedipalp
Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair of forward appendages among Chelicerata, chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws") and anterior to the first pair of walking legs. Overview Pedipalps are composed of six segments or articles. From the proximal end (where they are attached to the body) to the distal, they are: the coxa, the Arthropod leg#Trochanter, trochanter, the Arthropod leg#Femur, femur, the short Glossary_of_spider_terms#patella, patella, the Glossary_of_spider_terms#tibia, tibia, and the Arthropod_leg#Tarsus, tarsus. In spiders, the coxae frequently have extensions called Glossary_of_spider_terms#maxilla , maxillae or gnathobases, which function as mouth parts with or without some contribution from the coxae of the anterior arthropod leg, legs. The limbs themselves may be simple tactile organs outwardly resembling the legs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operculum (animal)
An operculum is an anatomical feature, a stiff structure resembling a lid or a small door that opens and closes, and thus controls contact between the outside world and an internal part of an animal. Examples include: * An operculum (gastropod), a single lid that (in its most complete form) closes the aperture of the shell when the animal is retracted, and thus protects the internal soft parts of the animal that are not completely covered by the shell. The operculum lies on the top rear part of the foot. When the foot is retracted, the operculum is rotated 180° and closes the shell. * An operculum (fish), a flap that covers the gills in bony fishes and chimaeras. * The cover that rapidly opens a cnida of a cnidarian such as a jellyfish or a sea anemone. The lid may be a single hinged flap or three hinged flaps arranged like slices of pie. * In insects, the operculum is the name for one or more lids covering the tympanal cavity. A subgenital operculum is exhibited in stick ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venom
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a stinger, in a process called ''envenomation''. Venom is often distinguished from ''poison'', which is a toxin that is passively delivered by being ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and ''toxungen'', which is actively transferred to the external surface of another animal via a physical delivery mechanism. Venom has evolved in terrestrial and marine environments and in a wide variety of animals: both predators and prey, and both vertebrates and invertebrates. Venoms kill through the action of at least four major classes of toxin, namely necrosis, necrotoxins and cytotoxins, which kill cells; neurotoxins, which affect nervous systems; myotoxins, which damage muscles; and Hemotoxin, haemotoxins, which disrupt Thrombus, blood clotti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silk
Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm ''Bombyx mori'' reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular Prism (optics), prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colors. Harvested silk is produced by several insects; but, generally, only the silk of various moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacturing. There has been some research into other types of silk, which differ at the molecular level. Silk is mainly produced by the larvae of insects undergoing holometabolism, complete metamorphosis, but some insects, such as webspinners and Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
